light. Something that appears bright. The brightness coming from the sun, electricity, etc.
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N4光るひかる
To give off light. To shine brightly. Example:「星が光る」(a star shines).
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N4引き出しひきだし
The box-like part attached to a desk, etc., for putting things in.
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N4引き出すひきだす
To take something that is inside to the outside. Also used to mean withdrawing money from a bank, as in 「お金を引き出す」 (to withdraw money).
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N2〜N5引くひく
pull. To move something toward oneself by applying force. Example: 「戸を引く」 (to pull a door). The antonym is 「押す」 (to push). There is also the homophone 「弾く」 (to play a musical instrument), among others.
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N4髭ひげ
beard. Hair that grows around the mouth or on the chin.
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N4飛行場ひこうじょう
airfield. A place where airplanes take off and land. Close in meaning to 「空港」 (airport).
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N4久しぶりひさしぶり
A long time having passed since one last met someone. Example: 「久しぶりですね」 (it's been a while).
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N4美術館びじゅつかん
art museum. A building that displays art such as paintings.
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N3, N4非常にひじょうに
Expresses that the degree of something is very strong. It has the same meaning as 「とても」 and 「たいへん」, and is often used in written language. It is formed by adding 「に」 to the noun 「非常」 (an unusual, urgent situation; 「非常口」「非常ベル」); 「非常」 on its own does not mean 「とても」. Compare 「非常の場合」, which means in an emergency, with 「非常に寒い」, which means very cold.
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N4, N5びっくりするびっくりする
To be surprised because something unexpected happened.
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N4引っ越すひっこす
To change where one lives to another place.
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N4必要ひつよう
necessary. A state of being indispensable.
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N3, N4酷いひどい
A very bad state. Example:「酷いあめ」(terrible rain),「酷いことを言う」(to say cruel things).
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N4秒びょう
second. The smallest unit of time. Sixty seconds make one minute. Time is expressed with the three units of hours, minutes and seconds.
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N4開くひらく
To open something that was closed, such as a door, a book, or one's eyes. It is also used to mean holding an event, as in 『かいぎを開く』 (to hold a meeting), and to start a new business, as in 『店を開く』 (to open a shop).
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N4昼間ひるま
daytime. The bright hours from morning to evening.
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N4昼休みひるやすみ
The break time for eating lunch.
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N4拾うひろう
To pick up something that has fallen with one's hand.
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N4増えるふえる
For a number or amount to grow larger. The antonym is「減る（へる）」(to decrease).
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N4深いふかい
A state where the distance from the surface to the bottom is great. The antonym is「浅い（あさい）」(shallow).
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N4, N5吹くふく
blow. For wind to move. Example: 「風が吹く」 (the wind blows). Also used to mean blowing air out from the mouth.
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N4複雑ふくざつ
A state where things are intricate and hard to understand. The antonym is「簡単（かんたん）」(simple).
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N4復習ふくしゅう
To study something one learned once again. The antonym is 「予習」 (preparing before a lesson).
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N4豚肉ぶたにく
Pork meat. Also called 「ポーク」.
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N4部長ぶちょう
At a company, etc., the person who leads a department.
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N4普通ふつう
A state of being not special, the same as usual.
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N4太るふとる
To gain weight. The antonym is 「痩せる」 (to lose weight).
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N4布団ふとん
futon. Something laid out or draped over oneself when sleeping.
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N4舟ふね
boat. A small vehicle that moves over water. The homophone「船」is also used for large ones, while「舟」is often used for small ones.
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N4不便ふべん
A state of being hard to use and inconvenient. The antonym is「便利（べんり）」(convenient).
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N4踏むふむ
To press down hard on top of something with one's foot. Example:「足を踏む」(to step on someone's foot).
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N4降り出すふりだす
For rain or snow to start falling.
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N4文化ぶんか
The ways of thinking, art, etc., that have grown within the daily life of a country or region.
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N4文学ぶんがく
Art expressed through words, such as novels and poetry.
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N2, N4文章ぶんしょう
Something in which several sentences are connected to convey a single piece of content.
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N4文法ぶんぽう
grammar. Rules for using language correctly.
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N4別べつ
Being different from others. Example:「それは別の話だ」(that is a separate matter). In the form 「別に」 it becomes a different word: used together with a negative, as in 「別に用事はない」, it means "nothing in particular".
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N4別にべつに
not particularly. Used together with a negative to express "not especially". Used as in "別に用事はない" (I have nothing in particular to do) or "別にきらいじゃない" (I don't particularly dislike it), to softly deny what was asked. In conversation, "別に。" on its own can also mean "it's nothing". The same character read only as "べつ" is a different word meaning being different from others.
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N4変へん
strange. A state of being unusual and odd.
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N4返事へんじ
To respond to being called or asked something. It also refers to what one sends back as an answer after receiving a letter or an email. Examples: 「返事を書く」 (to write a reply), 「返事が来る」 (a reply arrives).
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N4方ほう
direction, side. A word that points to one of two things. Used when comparing two things, as in "こちらの方が大きい" (this one is bigger). It can also express direction, as in "駅の方へ歩く" (to walk toward the station). It is often written in kana as "ほう". The same "方" read as "かた" becomes a different word, a polite way of saying "人" (person).
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N4貿易ぼうえき
To buy and sell goods between countries.
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N4放送ほうそう
To send a program on TV or radio.
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N4法律ほうりつ
law. Rules decided by a country that must be followed.
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N4星ほし
star. A shining point seen in the night sky.
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N4ほとんどほとんど
Not all, but very close to it. Example: 「しゅくだいはほとんどおわった」 (the homework is almost finished). When used together with 「〜ない」, it expresses that the amount or the number of times is very small. Examples: 「お金がほとんどない」 (to have almost no money), 「ほとんど話さない」 (to hardly speak).
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N4褒めるほめる
To find something good in someone and say so.
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N4, N5本ほん
book. Something with letters or pictures on it, made to be read. It is also used as a word for counting long, thin things such as pencils and bottles. いっぽん・にほん・さんぼん・よんほん・ごほん・ろっぽん・ななほん・はっぽん・きゅうほん・じゅっぽん, and 「なんぼん」. For 1, 6, 8 and 10 it becomes 「ぽん」, and for 3 and 「なん」 it becomes 「ぼん」.
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