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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
束の間
つかのま
A very brief, fleeting span of time. Used as in 「束の間の休息」「束の間の幸せ」「束の間の静けさ」 in situations where one cherishes a short time that will quickly pass. The character 「束」 was originally an old unit of length representing the width of a finger when the hand is clenched, about four fingers wide, from which it came to mean "very brief." While it shares its etymological origin with words containing the same character such as 「束ねる」「結束」「花束」, in 「束の間」 it has settled into a distinctive usage expressing the shortness of time.
AI-generated translation
N1
遣わす
つかわす
For a superior to send an inferior to a certain place, or for a superior to bestow items upon an inferior. Used as in 「使者を遣わす」「家来を遣わす」「褒美を遣わす」, it is an archaic word in a highly formal style. Hardly used in modern everyday conversation, it appears mainly in period dramas, classical literature, historical documents, and ceremonial writing. Kanji compounds containing the same character 「遣」, such as 「派遣」「遣唐使」, share the meaning of "dispatching someone to a place."
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N1
付きっ切り
つきっきり
Staying beside someone without leaving. Used in expressions such as 「付きっ切りで看病する」「付きっ切りで指導する」 in contexts of attending to a person or thing for a long time without taking one's eyes off.
AI-generated translation
N1
つくづく
つくづく
A state of feeling something deeply, as if it sinks into the heart. Used in contexts of strongly feeling some emotion, as in 「つくづく感じる」「つくづく思う」. Can be used in both somewhat formal written and spoken language.
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N1
付け焼き刃
つけやきば
An idiomatic expression for shallow knowledge or skill acquired hastily as a stopgap. Used in expressions such as 「付け焼き刃の勉強」「付け焼き刃では通用しない」 in contexts critically describing temporary coping that lacks real ability.
AI-generated translation
N1
培う
つちかう
Cultivating ability or character over a long period of time. Used in expressions such as 「体力を培う」「信頼を培う」 with the meaning of slowly fostering ability, relationships, or foundations. Often used for abstract objects.
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N1
津々浦々
つつうらうら
A word meaning "every corner of the nation, everywhere in the country." The character 「津」 refers to a port where ships come and go, and 「浦」 refers to a seashore or inlet; doubling each creates the meaning "every port, every shore," extended to "every nook and cranny of the country." It is somewhat formal written language, used as in 「津々浦々に知れ渡る」「全国津々浦々から人が集まる」. This expression reflects the geography of Japan as a country surrounded by sea, and is used to refer broadly to all regions and areas.
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N1
慎む
つつしむ
Restraining one's speech and behavior to maintain moderation. Used in expressions such as 「言葉を慎む」「飲酒を慎む」 with the meaning of restraining oneself from acts that might become inappropriate.
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N1
筒抜け
つつぬけ
A secret or internal information leaking out as it is. Also a state in which voices or conversations can all be heard through the wall. Used in contexts where information that should be blocked leaks out, as in 「計画が筒抜けになる」「隣の部屋の会話が筒抜けだ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
綴る
つづる
Writing characters or sentences in succession. Used in expressions such as 「思いを綴る」「日記を綴る」 with the meaning of writing something down as a text. It also means binding sheets of paper together.
AI-generated translation
N1
努めて
つとめて
A state of consciously trying as much as possible to do something. Used in the forms 「努めて〜する」「努めて〜しない」, an adverb used in contexts of consciously controlling one's attitude or behavior.
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N1
綱渡り
つなわたり
A metaphor for proceeding while just barely escaping a dangerous situation. An idiomatic expression describing a precarious situation that could fail with even a small mistake, used in expressions such as 「綱渡りの経営」「綱渡りの交渉」.
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N1
常々
つねづね
Always, all the time as a regular matter. Used in expressions such as 「常々〜と思っている」「常々〜と感じていた」 in contexts of expressing constant opinions or feelings. An adverb used in written and formal spoken language.
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N1
常日頃
つねひごろ
Ordinary days, normal times. Often used in the form 「常日頃から」, attached to actions or awareness with the meaning of 「continuously from everyday life」.
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N1
募る
つのる
To call widely for people or things and gather them, as in「参加者を募る」(to recruit participants),「寄付を募る」(to solicit donations). It also has the meaning that an emotion or momentum gradually grows stronger, as in「不安が募る」(anxiety mounts),「怒りが募る」(anger builds up).
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N1
つぶさに
つぶさに
One by one in detail, without omission. Used in expressions such as 「つぶさに観察する」「つぶさに報告する」 to describe not missing any detail. An adverb leaning toward written language, often used in formal style.
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N1
壺
つぼ
A container with a narrow mouth. Made of materials such as ceramic, porcelain, or glass, it is used to hold liquids, food, ashes of the dead, and the like. It is used in expressions like 「花を生ける壺」(a vase for arranging flowers), 「梅干しを漬ける壺」(a jar for pickling plums), or 「骨壺」(a funerary urn). By extension, it is also used metaphorically for the key point or vital spot of something. Expressions like 「壺を押さえる」(to grasp the key point) or 「壺を心得る」(to understand the key point) describe accurately catching what matters most. 「壺にはまる」is used both for fitting precisely with the key point and for events unfolding exactly as the other party intended.
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N1
紡ぐ
つむぐ
To twist together fibers such as cotton or silkworm cocoons to make a single thread. Used as in「綿を紡ぐ」(to spin cotton),「羊毛を紡ぐ」(to spin wool). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean piecing together words or a story little by little to compose them, as in「物語を紡ぐ」(to weave a story),「言葉を紡ぐ」(to craft words).
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N1
爪痕
つめあと
Literally, a scratch mark left by a claw or fingernail, as in 「壁に爪痕が残る」(claw marks remain on the wall). By extension, it is used metaphorically for the marks of serious damage or influence left behind by disasters or major events. It is often used in contexts describing the scars left by significant events, as in 「台風の爪痕」(the scars of a typhoon) or 「戦争の爪痕」(the scars of war).
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N1
提議
ていぎ
Formally putting forward a topic or proposal at a meeting. Used in expressions such as 「改革を提議する」. A formal word used in more official contexts than a mere suggestion.
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N1
提携
ていけい
A cooperative relationship established to advance business together. A formal word used in expressions such as 「業務提携」「技術提携」 indicating cooperation between enterprises.
AI-generated translation
N1
締結
ていけつ
Formally concluding a contract or treaty. A formal word used in expressions such as 「条約を締結する」「契約を締結する」 in contexts of establishing official agreements.
AI-generated translation
N1
体裁
ていさい
The outward form or how something appears to the world. A formal word used as in「体裁を気にする」in contexts that place importance on appearance over substance. It also refers to the visual arrangement or format of documents and the like, as in「報告書の体裁を整える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
偵察
ていさつ
Secretly investigating the situation of an enemy or rival. A formal word used in expressions such as 「偵察に出る」 in contexts of probing the other party's movements, such as in military matters or competitor research.
AI-generated translation
N1
低姿勢
ていしせい
Taking a humble attitude that defers to the other party. A formal word used in expressions such as 「低姿勢で臨む」 in contexts of engaging with a modest demeanor.
AI-generated translation
N1
提唱
ていしょう
Putting forth a new opinion or idea and calling for it widely. A formal word used in expressions such as 「新説を提唱する」「環境保護を提唱する」 in contexts of publicly disseminating one's claim.
AI-generated translation
N1
泥酔
でいすい
Being so drunk on alcohol that one loses all sense of self. Used in expressions such as 「泥酔状態」「泥酔して記憶をなくす」 to describe a state of intoxication beyond ordinary drunkenness.
AI-generated translation
N1
定説
ていせつ
A theory widely recognized and established in academia or society. A formal word used in expressions such as 「定説となる」「定説を覆す」 referring to a view that has been generally accepted.
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N1
提訴
ていそ
Filing a suit at court and starting formal legal proceedings. A formal word used in expressions such as 「損害賠償を提訴する」 indicating the start of litigation.
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N1
邸宅
ていたく
A grand and large residence. A formal word used in expressions such as 「豪壮な邸宅」「名士の邸宅」 referring to a stately building inhabited by wealthy people.
AI-generated translation
N1
体たらく
ていたらく
A pathetic or unsightly state. A formal word used in expressions such as 「何という体たらくだ」 with implications of criticism or lament.
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N1
定評
ていひょう
A reliable evaluation recognized by many people. Used in the form 「定評がある」 in contexts indicating high quality already widely acknowledged.
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N1
手薄
てうす
A state in which personnel, security, or preparations are not sufficient. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「警備が手薄」「人手が手薄」 to indicate shortage.
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N1
手落ち
ておち
A lack of attention or consideration leading to omitted tasks. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「手落ちがある」「こちらの手落ちです」 in contexts of admitting deficiencies.
AI-generated translation
N1
手掛ける
てがける
Engaging in and advancing a task or business under one's own responsibility. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「新事業を手掛ける」 to indicate taking charge of or working on an undertaking.
AI-generated translation
N1
手堅い
てがたい
Describing a state of being solid, free of risk, and reliable. Used in expressions such as 「手堅い経営」「手堅い商売」 in contexts of evaluating stable methods with few failures.
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N1
てきめん
てきめん
A state in which effect or consequence appears very clearly. The fixed form is 「効果てきめん」, a somewhat formal word indicating an immediately understandable result.
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N1
手心
てごころ
Deliberately easing what should be handled strictly and showing consideration. The basic usage is in the form 「手心を加える」.
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N1
手探り
てさぐり
Searching by feeling with one's hands, or proceeding cautiously without a clear outlook. Used in expressions such as 「手探りの状態」 to describe efforts carried out with uncertainty.
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N1
手ずから
てずから
An adverb describing doing something directly by one's own hand without leaving it to others. Used in expressions such as 「手ずから茶をたてる」 in formal contexts showing respect or specialness.
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N1
手立て
てだて
A method or means for achieving a goal. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「手立てを講じる」「なす手立てがない」 in contexts of seeking solutions or countermeasures.
AI-generated translation
N1
徹する
てっする
Originally meant that light, sound, cold, etc. penetrate deep into something or pass all the way through. Used as「骨身に徹する寒さ」(cold that pierces to the bone). From this, the meaning extended to seeing a period of time or a position through to the very end, as in「夜を徹する」(to stay up all night) or「裏方に徹する」(to devote oneself entirely to a behind-the-scenes role).
AI-generated translation
N1
手っ取り早い
てっとりばやい
Describing a state of being able to finish quickly without spending much effort or time. Used in expressions such as 「手っ取り早い方法」「手っ取り早く済ませる」, a more spoken-language word expressing simplicity and ease.
AI-generated translation
N1
撤廃
てっぱい
Discontinuing and abolishing a system or rule. A formal word used in expressions such as 「規制を撤廃する」「関税を撤廃する」 in contexts of completely abolishing existing rules.
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N1
手詰まり
てづまり
A state of having no more moves to make and being unable to advance. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「手詰まりになる」「交渉が手詰まりだ」 indicating a deadlocked situation.
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N1
手ぬるい
てぬるい
Describing a state in which handling or response lacks severity and is too lenient. Used in expressions such as 「手ぬるい処分」「手ぬるい指導」 in contexts criticizing insufficiency where strictness is needed.
AI-generated translation
N1
手控える
てびかえる
Doing something less than before or temporarily holding off. A somewhat formal word used in expressions such as 「発言を手控える」「投資を手控える」 in contexts of cautious restraint.
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N1
手ほどき
てほどき
To teach a beginner the basics of something step by step. Used in situations of introductory instruction, as in「茶道の手ほどきを受ける」(to receive introductory lessons in tea ceremony) or「手ほどきする」(to give beginner instruction).
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N1
手前味噌
てまえみそ
Praising oneself in a self-satisfied manner. An idiomatic expression used as the opening phrase 「手前味噌ですが」.
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N1
てらう
てらう
Acting in a way meant to show off and appear greater than one actually is. The fixed form is 「奇をてらう」.
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Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.