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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
託宣
たくせん
Words that a god conveys through a person, an oracle. Used in expressions such as 「神の託宣」「託宣が下る」. A very formal literary word used in religious contexts or as a metaphor.
AI-generated translation
N1
たくましい
たくましい
Means having a strong, sturdy build, or being mentally strong and resilient. Used as in 「たくましい体」 and 「たくましく生きる」. In kanji it is written 「逞しい」, but it is more often written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
巧み
たくみ
Skill or technique being excellent and adept. Used in expressions such as 「巧みな話術」「巧みに操る」. Used in contexts of evaluating proficiency in handiwork, speech, or negotiation.
AI-generated translation
N1
企む
たくらむ
To make a bad plan without letting others know about it. Used in expressions like 「悪事を企む」, it is used when preparing something secretly.
AI-generated translation
N1
蓄える
たくわえる
Gathering and saving up little by little to use later. Used in expressions such as 「資金を蓄える」「知識を蓄える」. Can be used for both intangible and tangible things such as money, food, or knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N1
妥結
だけつ
A situation in which two opposing sides make mutual concessions and reach an agreement through discussion. Used in expressions such as 「労使交渉が妥結する」「妥結に至る」. Used in contexts of negotiations or talks.
AI-generated translation
N1
蛇行
だこう
Moving forward in a winding, left-and-right curving path, like the way a snake moves. Used in expressions such as 「川が蛇行する」「蛇行運転」. Used for rivers, roads, or the path of driving.
AI-generated translation
N1
たしなむ
たしなむ
Modestly enjoying a hobby or art. Used in expressions such as 「茶道をたしなむ」「酒をたしなむ」. Describes enjoying with restraint, not becoming absorbed.
AI-generated translation
N1
打診
だしん
Discreetly probing the other party's intentions or reactions before making a formal request. Used in expressions such as 「移籍を打診する」「就任を打診する」. A formal word used in business and negotiation contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
携わる
たずさわる
To take part in and engage with a certain job or activity. Used in expressions such as 「研究に携わる」「教育に携わる」. A formal word expressing involvement in work or long-term activities.
AI-generated translation
N1
蛇足
だそく
An extra addition that has no meaning and instead gets in the way. Used in expressions such as 「蛇足だが」「蛇足に終わる」. A formal expression originating from a Chinese tale, also used when modestly referring to one's own remarks.
AI-generated translation
N1
称える
たたえる
Highly praising fine deeds or achievements with words. Used in expressions such as 「功績を称える」「勇気を称える」. A formal word used in solemn contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
たたずむ
たたずむ
Means to stand still in a place for a while. A literary word describing someone standing quietly, as in 「窓辺にたたずむ」 and 「一人たたずむ」. In kanji it is written 「佇む」; hiragana is common, but the kanji form is also seen in literary works.
AI-generated translation
N1
立ち往生
たちおうじょう
Becoming unable to move partway through and being unable to proceed. Used in expressions such as 「大雪で立ち往生する」「答えに詰まって立ち往生する」. Can be used not only for vehicles but also for conversations or tasks.
AI-generated translation
N1
立ち込める
たちこめる
Smoke, fog, or smell spreading and filling the surroundings. Used in expressions such as 「霧が立ち込める」「緊張が立ち込める」. Describes a state in which a space is filled with something gaseous.
AI-generated translation
N1
たちどころに
たちどころに
Immediately on the spot, in an instant. Used in expressions such as 「たちどころに解決する」「たちどころに治る」. A formal adverb describing change or effect appearing very quickly.
AI-generated translation
N1
絶つ
たつ
Ending a state that has continued. Used for severing intangible continuations such as news, contact, life, or hope. Used in expressions such as 「消息を絶つ」「連絡を絶つ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
断つ
たつ
Severing by one's own will a habit, relationship, or retreat that has continued. Used in expressions such as 「酒を断つ」「退路を断つ」. Expresses a severance accompanied by strong determination.
AI-generated translation
N1
卓見
たっけん
Insight and thinking that is outstanding and superior to that of others. Used as in 「卓見の持ち主」「卓見を述べる」「卓見に感服する」, it is a formal word employed in dignified settings. The character 「卓」 means "to stand out high above others," and 「見」 means "way of seeing, thinking"; together they express "outstanding insight." Words containing the same character 「卓」, such as 「卓越」「卓抜」「卓説」, all share the meaning of being superior to others.
AI-generated translation
N1
盾
たて
A defensive weapon held in the hand to protect oneself from enemy arrows or swords, as in 「盾を構える」(to hold up a shield). In modern usage, the same character is also used for shields carried by riot police and for commemorative plaques given as awards (楯). By extension, it is used metaphorically for an excuse or reason used to protect oneself, as in 「規則を盾に取る」(to use the rules as a shield) or 「法律を盾にする」(to hide behind the law).
AI-generated translation
N1
奉る
たてまつる
To offer something to a superior person or to gods and Buddhas, to give respectfully. Used in expressions such as 「神前に捧げ物を奉る」. An old-style word used only in very formal writing.
AI-generated translation
N1, N3
谷
たに
valley. A low, hollow place between mountains.
AI-generated translation
N1
打破
だは
Breaking through and removing the old systems, records, or states that have been obstacles. Used in expressions such as 「記録を打破する」「悪習を打破する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
駄弁
だべん
Pointless chatter. Used in expressions such as 「駄弁を弄する」「駄弁を振るう」. A formal word used critically to refer to drawn-out talk with no substance.
AI-generated translation
N1
打撲
だぼく
Striking the body strongly and injuring internal tissues. Used in expressions such as 「打撲を負う」「腰を打撲する」. A medical word indicating injury with internal bleeding and pain, distinguished from fractures or cuts.
AI-generated translation
N1
賜る
たまわる
Means to receive something from a superior, or for a superior to bestow something on someone below. Used as in 「お言葉を賜る」. Very formal honorific language used in greetings and formal correspondence. Sometimes also written in hiragana as 「たまわる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
手向け
たむけ
The act of offering flowers, incense, water, or food to the deceased or to deities and Buddhas, or the items thus offered. Used as in 「手向けの花」「手向けの一句」「霊前に手向ける」 in scenes of mourning, memorial offering, and farewell. It is the noun form of the verb 「手向ける」, originally deriving from the custom of offering items to the deity of a mountain pass to pray for the safety of travelers. The word 「はなむけ(餞・贐)」 used in similar contexts is a separate word, referring to money or words given to someone setting out on a journey or beginning a new venture.
AI-generated translation
N1
矯める
ためる
To straighten something bent. Also, to correct a bad habit or fault. Known through the idiom 「角を矯めて牛を殺す」. Used in expressions such as 「子供の癖を矯める」.
AI-generated translation
N1
容易い
たやすい
Simple and not requiring much effort. Used in expressions such as 「容易く片付ける」「容易い仕事」. 「容易い」 with the okurigana 「い」 is read 「たやすい」, while 「容易」 without okurigana is read 「ようい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
弛む
たるむ
Means that something taut loosens, or that one's mental tension slackens. Used as in 「ロープが弛む」 and 「気が弛む」. More often written in hiragana as 「たるむ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
弾劾
だんがい
To expose the wrongdoing or crime of a person in a position of responsibility and harshly hold them accountable. Used in expressions such as 「弾劾裁判」「政府を弾劾する」. A formal word used in legal and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
嘆願
たんがん
Earnestly pleading by setting forth one's circumstances. Used in expressions such as 「助命を嘆願する」「嘆願書を提出する」. A formal word used in serious contexts with a stronger sense of urgency than an ordinary request.
AI-generated translation
N1
断行
だんこう
Resolutely carrying something out despite opposition or difficulty. Used in expressions such as 「改革を断行する」「増税を断行する」. A formal word describing pushing past hesitation to act.
AI-generated translation
N1
断続
だんぞく
Repeatedly being interrupted and continued. Mostly used in the adverbial form 「断続的に」. Describes a state in which something does not end at once but occurs repeatedly with intervals.
AI-generated translation
N1
端的
たんてき
A state of being clear and easy to understand. A state of going straight to the point without being roundabout. Used in expressions such as 「端的に言う」「端的な例」. A formal word describing characteristics being clearly expressed.
AI-generated translation
N1
単刀直入
たんとうちょくにゅう
Skipping introductions and roundabout expressions, getting straight to the main point. Used in expressions such as 「単刀直入に言う」「単刀直入に質問する」 in contexts of starting a conversation or negotiation directly.
AI-generated translation
N1
丹念
たんねん
A state of carefully doing something attentively down to fine details. Used in expressions such as 「丹念に調べる」「丹念に仕上げる」. Describes an attitude of not begrudging time or attention.
AI-generated translation
N1
堪能
たんのう
Read as 「たんのう」, this word carries two meanings. The first is to be deeply skilled in a certain technique or field of learning, used as in 「外国語に堪能だ」「ピアノに堪能な人」 in the form of a na-adjective. The second is to fully savor something to one's satisfaction, used as in 「料理を堪能する」「景色を堪能する」「温泉を堪能する」 as a suru-verb. The character 「堪」 means "to endure, to bear up under," and 「能」 means "to be able, capability"; 「堪能」 originally meant "to have enough capability to bear something," that is, "to possess sufficient strength to handle the field fully." From this, the first meaning of "skilled" derived directly, and "having sufficient capability" further extended to "to feel satisfied," giving rise to the second meaning.
AI-generated translation
N1
断片
だんぺん
A small portion of a whole. Used in expressions such as 「記憶の断片」「会話の断片」. Describes a state where the whole is invisible and only parts can be grasped.
AI-generated translation
N1
鍛錬
たんれん
Strictly training body or mind to make it stronger. Used in expressions such as 「心身を鍛錬する」「日々の鍛錬」. A formal word used in contexts of sports, martial arts, or spiritual cultivation.
AI-generated translation
N1
地殻
ちかく
The layer of rock that covers the surface of the Earth. Looking at the Earth's structure from the inside outward, the 「核」 lies at the center, the 「マントル」 surrounds it, and the 「地殻」 is the outermost layer; the 「地殻」 is the thinnest surface layer of all. Its thickness is said to be about 30–50 km beneath continents and about 5–10 km beneath the oceans. Used as in 「地殻変動」「地殻運動」「地殻の下にマントルがある」 in topics of geology, seismology, and geography, it is a formal word that often appears in explanations of earthquakes and volcanic activity.
AI-generated translation
N1
近々
ちかぢか
An adverb meaning "in the near future, before too long." Used as in 「近々発表する」「近々お伺いします」「近々結果が出る」 to convey the prospect that, although no specific date has been set, something will happen or be done before too much time passes. It is a somewhat formal word used in formal settings, business contexts, and announcements, while in everyday conversation 「近いうちに」「もうすぐ」 are often more natural. Its structure of two identical characters repeated serves to emphasize the meaning of "near."
AI-generated translation
N1
力添え
ちからぞえ
Helping someone by lending one's strength. A somewhat formal word used in contexts of requesting or expressing gratitude, as in 「お力添えをお願いします」.
AI-generated translation
N1
力尽きる
ちからつきる
Using up all of one's physical and mental strength and being unable to move any further. Used in expressions such as 「ゴール直前で力尽きる」「長い闘病の末に力尽きる」. A somewhat literary word.
AI-generated translation
N1
知己
ちき
A close friend who understands oneself well, or an acquaintance. An old-style and formal word used in expressions such as 「知己を得る」「十年来の知己」.
AI-generated translation
N1
契り
ちぎり
A firm promise, especially an old-style and formal word expressing a heartfelt bond between people. Used in expressions such as 「契りを交わす」「夫婦の契り」 when forming a deep relationship. The noun form of the verb 「契る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
逐一
ちくいち
An adverb meaning one by one, in detail without omission. A formal word used in expressions such as 「逐一報告する」「逐一確認する」 to describe doing something thoroughly and in order.
AI-generated translation
N1
知遇
ちぐう
Being recognized for one's talent by a superior and treated with special care. Often used in the form 「知遇を得る」, a formal word. Used in contexts where scholars or artists are supported by influential figures.
AI-generated translation
N1
畜産
ちくさん
The industry of raising cattle, pigs, or chickens to produce meat, milk, or eggs. A formal word used in expressions such as 「畜産業」「畜産農家」 in agricultural and food contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
逐次
ちくじ
An adverb meaning successively in order. A formal word used in expressions such as 「逐次発表する」「逐次処理」 to describe proceeding one at a time in sequence.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.