Vocabulary N1

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拉致らち

The act of forcibly taking a person away against their will. Refers to moving someone's body against their wishes. Used in expressions such as 「観光客が拉致される」 or 「拉致事件」. Close in meaning to 「誘拐」 (abduction), but more often used for politically or organizationally motivated incidents.

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埒らち

「埒」 originally referred to the fence of a horse training ground, and from there came to mean the boundary or settlement of a matter. In modern Japanese, it is used almost exclusively in the idiom 「埒が明かない」 (meaning that things are not settled and not progressing). Used in expressions such as 「議論が埒が明かない」 or 「いつまでも埒が明かない」.

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埒外らちがい

The state of being outside the scope, expectations, or rules of something. Used in the form 「〜の埒外」, as in 「予想の埒外」, 「議論の埒外」, or 「規則の埒外」. For 「埒」, the word it derives from, see the separate entry.

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利己りこ

An attitude or way of thinking that prioritizes only one's own interests. Most often used in the forms 「利己的な〜」, 「利己心」, or 「利己主義」, in contexts that criticize a selfish stance lacking consideration for others. The antonym is 「利他」.

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履行りこう

Carrying out something that has already been decided, such as a contract, promise, or obligation. Used in contexts of fulfilling what one must do, as in 「契約を履行する」 or 「義務を履行する」.

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略奪りゃくだつ

The act of forcibly seizing the possessions of others. Originally referred to the taking of goods during war or riots. Used in expressions such as 「都市が略奪される」 or 「略奪行為が後を絶たない」.

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良識りょうしき

The ability to judge right and wrong calmly and soundly. Refers to the standard of judgment considered reasonable in society at large. Used in expressions such as 「良識ある大人」 or 「良識を疑う」. While 「常識」 refers to widely shared knowledge, 「良識」 emphasizes the judgment based on such knowledge.

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類推るいすい

Inferring something unknown based on similar examples or known facts. Used in contexts involving logical reasoning, as in 「過去の例から類推する」 or 「類推によって結論を導く」.

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流布るふ

Spreading widely and circulating throughout society. Used when rumors, information, or ideas become known to many people. Used in expressions such as 「噂が流布する」 or 「誤った情報が流布している」. The character 「流」 is read here as the short 「ル」, not 「リュウ」.

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歴然れきぜん

A state in which the existence of something or the difference between things is so clear that anyone can see it. Used for objective facts, differences, or evidence, not for emotions or subjective judgments. Used in expressions such as 「歴然たる事実」, 「実力差が歴然となる」, or 「歴然と現れる」.

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劣等れっとう

Being inferior to others in ability or degree. Used in expressions such as 「劣等感」 or 「劣等生」 to express a state in which the quality of a person or thing is lower than others. The antonym is 「優等」.

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狼藉ろうぜき

Violent and unmannerly behavior, or a state of things being scattered in disarray. Originally referred to the appearance of things scattered like the traces left by a wolf trampling grass, and from there extended to mean violent conduct. Used in expressions such as 「狼藉を働く」 or 「無礼狼藉」.

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狼狽ろうばい

Losing one's composure and becoming flustered due to an unexpected event. Used in contexts of being shaken or thrown off balance, as in 「突然の連絡に狼狽する」 or 「狼狽した様子を見せる」. A formal, written-style word.

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濾過ろか

Passing liquids or gases through a mesh, paper, cloth, or similar material to remove impurities or solids. Used widely in scientific, industrial, and everyday contexts, as in 「水を濾過する」 or 「コーヒーを濾過する」.

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露骨ろこつ

Showing emotions or intentions openly and without concealment. Often used for emotions that are normally better kept hidden, such as criticism, disgust, or desire. Used in expressions such as 「露骨な表現」 or 「露骨に嫌な顔をする」. The word comes from the image of something so exposed that even the 「骨」 (bones) are laid bare.

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Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.