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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
他愛ない
たあいない
A state in which content lacks substance or depth and is rambling. Also, a state of being innocent and unguarded, harmless. Used as in 「他愛ない話」「他愛ない冗談」「他愛ない子供の遊び」「酔って他愛なく眠る」. 「他愛」 originally meant "consideration for others," but in the form 「他愛ない」 it derived from the meaning "so absent-minded as to lack even concern for others" into modern uses such as "lacking substance," "innocent," and "defenseless." It is also read as 「たわいない」, and in modern usage both forms are used in parallel.
AI-generated translation
N1
他意
たい
Another intention or hidden thought contained in one's words but not expressed openly. A formal word used in contexts of explaining that one has no malice or ulterior motive, in the form 「他意はない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
退役
たいえき
A soldier finishing their active service and leaving the military. Used in expressions such as 「退役軍人」「退役する」. It means leaving active duty and withdrawing from military service, and is not used for retirement in civilian jobs. A formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
退化
たいか
A phenomenon in which an organ or function of a living thing becomes reduced or simplified over generations. Used in biology, as in「目が退化する」(the eyes degenerate). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean that something which had advanced or developed reverts to a worse state, as in「能力が退化する」(one's abilities deteriorate) or「文明が退化する」(civilization regresses).
AI-generated translation
N1
大家
たいか
A person recognized as outstanding in a particular field. Used as in "日本画壇の大家" or "文学の大家", referring to someone highly regarded for many years of achievement. The same "大家" read as "おおや" is a different word meaning the owner of a rental house or apartment.
AI-generated translation
N1
大義
たいぎ
An important moral principle that one must uphold, or a justified cause. Used in expressions such as 「大義名分」「大義を掲げる」. A formal word indicating a reason justified socially or publicly, not a personal goal.
AI-generated translation
N1
大義名分
たいぎめいぶん
「大義」means a moral principle to be honored, and「名分」means the duty one must uphold according to one's position. Together, the word refers to a noble reason that everyone can acknowledge, used to justify an action. Used in contexts that show public legitimacy, as in「大義名分を掲げる」(to hold up a just cause) or「大義名分が立つ」(to have legitimate grounds).
AI-generated translation
N1
大挙
たいきょ
A large group of people acting together as one body. Used in expressions such as 「大挙して押し寄せる」「大挙訪問する」. Not used for individual actions, but to describe large-scale collective actions.
AI-generated translation
N1
大勢
たいせい
The overall course or trend of a situation. Used as in "大勢が決する" or "大勢に影響はない", expressing which way the whole is leaning rather than its details. The same "大勢" read as "おおぜい" is a different word meaning that there are many people.
AI-generated translation
N1
怠惰
たいだ
A state of being idle and slack, not doing what one should do. Used in expressions such as 「怠惰な生活」「怠惰に過ごす」. A formal expression that is the opposite of 「勤勉」(diligent).
AI-generated translation
N1
体得
たいとく
Mastering knowledge or skill as one's own through actual experience. Used in expressions such as 「技術を体得する」 with the implication of not just learning in one's head but absorbing it through the body. A formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
滞納
たいのう
Failing to pay money that should have been paid by the deadline. Used in expressions such as 「家賃を滞納する」「税金を滞納する」. A word used only for monetary payments.
AI-generated translation
N1
退廃
たいはい
A state in which morals or culture have declined and lost their soundness. Used in expressions such as 「退廃的な文化」「風紀が退廃する」. A formal word used critically to describe spiritual or social decay.
AI-generated translation
N1
大別
たいべつ
Dividing the whole into several large categories. Used in expressions such as 「大別すると三種類になる」. Used in contexts of classifying into large groupings rather than dividing finely.
AI-generated translation
N1
怠慢
たいまん
Being lazy and not doing what one should do. Used in expressions such as 「職務怠慢」「怠慢な態度」. A formal word used to criticize a person in a responsible position for failing to fulfill their duties.
AI-generated translation
N1
体面
たいめん
The outward form and dignity shown to the world. A formal word used in expressions such as 「体面を保つ」「体面を気にする」 referring to outward evaluation conscious of others' eyes.
AI-generated translation
N1
大役
たいやく
An important role that carries heavy responsibility and is not easy to fulfill. Used in expressions such as 「大役を果たす」「大役を任される」. Refers to weighty duties such as officiating at a wedding or representing at a ceremony.
AI-generated translation
N1
耐え難い
たえがたい
A state of being so painful that one cannot endure it. Used in expressions such as 「耐え難い苦痛」「耐え難い暑さ」. A formal written word describing the intensity of physical or mental pain.
AI-generated translation
N1
絶えず
たえず
A state of continuing without interruption. Used in expressions such as 「絶えず努力する」「絶えず流れる」. A formal adverb emphasizing the persistence of continuity.
AI-generated translation
N1
堪える
たえる
To patiently endure pain or hardship. Also, to have enough strength to meet a certain standard. Used in expressions such as 「痛みに堪える」「批判に堪える」. This kanji is also read 「こらえる」, used in scenes of holding back something welling up without letting it out, as in 「涙を堪える」「笑いを堪える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
打開
だかい
Taking some action to break through a deadlocked situation in which one cannot move forward. Used in expressions such as 「難局を打開する」「事態を打開する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
多岐
たき
A state of branching out and extending in many directions. Mostly used in the form 「多岐にわたる」. A formal word describing the breadth of topics, fields, or work.
AI-generated translation
N1
卓越
たくえつ
Being far superior to others. Used in expressions such as 「卓越した技術」「卓越した才能」. A formal word used when something is not merely skilled but excellent enough to overwhelm others.
AI-generated translation
N1
託す
たくす
Entrusting an important matter or wish to someone trusted. Used in expressions such as 「子供の将来を託す」「夢を後輩に託す」. Has a heavier meaning than simply leaving something temporarily.
AI-generated translation
N1
託宣
たくせん
Words that a god conveys through a person, an oracle. Used in expressions such as 「神の託宣」「託宣が下る」. A very formal literary word used in religious contexts or as a metaphor.
AI-generated translation
N1
たくましい
たくましい
Means having a strong, sturdy build, or being mentally strong and resilient. Used as in 「たくましい体」 and 「たくましく生きる」. In kanji it is written 「逞しい」, but it is more often written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
巧み
たくみ
Skill or technique being excellent and adept. Used in expressions such as 「巧みな話術」「巧みに操る」. Used in contexts of evaluating proficiency in handiwork, speech, or negotiation.
AI-generated translation
N1
企む
たくらむ
To make a bad plan without letting others know about it. Used in expressions like 「悪事を企む」, it is used when preparing something secretly.
AI-generated translation
N1
蓄える
たくわえる
Gathering and saving up little by little to use later. Used in expressions such as 「資金を蓄える」「知識を蓄える」. Can be used for both intangible and tangible things such as money, food, or knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N1
妥結
だけつ
A situation in which two opposing sides make mutual concessions and reach an agreement through discussion. Used in expressions such as 「労使交渉が妥結する」「妥結に至る」. Used in contexts of negotiations or talks.
AI-generated translation
N1
蛇行
だこう
Moving forward in a winding, left-and-right curving path, like the way a snake moves. Used in expressions such as 「川が蛇行する」「蛇行運転」. Used for rivers, roads, or the path of driving.
AI-generated translation
N1
たしなむ
たしなむ
Modestly enjoying a hobby or art. Used in expressions such as 「茶道をたしなむ」「酒をたしなむ」. Describes enjoying with restraint, not becoming absorbed.
AI-generated translation
N1
打診
だしん
Discreetly probing the other party's intentions or reactions before making a formal request. Used in expressions such as 「移籍を打診する」「就任を打診する」. A formal word used in business and negotiation contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
携わる
たずさわる
To take part in and engage with a certain job or activity. Used in expressions such as 「研究に携わる」「教育に携わる」. A formal word expressing involvement in work or long-term activities.
AI-generated translation
N1
蛇足
だそく
An extra addition that has no meaning and instead gets in the way. Used in expressions such as 「蛇足だが」「蛇足に終わる」. A formal expression originating from a Chinese tale, also used when modestly referring to one's own remarks.
AI-generated translation
N1
称える
たたえる
Highly praising fine deeds or achievements with words. Used in expressions such as 「功績を称える」「勇気を称える」. A formal word used in solemn contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
たたずむ
たたずむ
Means to stand still in a place for a while. A literary word describing someone standing quietly, as in 「窓辺にたたずむ」 and 「一人たたずむ」. In kanji it is written 「佇む」; hiragana is common, but the kanji form is also seen in literary works.
AI-generated translation
N1
立ち往生
たちおうじょう
Becoming unable to move partway through and being unable to proceed. Used in expressions such as 「大雪で立ち往生する」「答えに詰まって立ち往生する」. Can be used not only for vehicles but also for conversations or tasks.
AI-generated translation
N1
立ち込める
たちこめる
Smoke, fog, or smell spreading and filling the surroundings. Used in expressions such as 「霧が立ち込める」「緊張が立ち込める」. Describes a state in which a space is filled with something gaseous.
AI-generated translation
N1
たちどころに
たちどころに
Immediately on the spot, in an instant. Used in expressions such as 「たちどころに解決する」「たちどころに治る」. A formal adverb describing change or effect appearing very quickly.
AI-generated translation
N1
絶つ
たつ
Ending a state that has continued. Used for severing intangible continuations such as news, contact, life, or hope. Used in expressions such as 「消息を絶つ」「連絡を絶つ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
断つ
たつ
Severing by one's own will a habit, relationship, or retreat that has continued. Used in expressions such as 「酒を断つ」「退路を断つ」. Expresses a severance accompanied by strong determination.
AI-generated translation
N1
卓見
たっけん
Insight and thinking that is outstanding and superior to that of others. Used as in 「卓見の持ち主」「卓見を述べる」「卓見に感服する」, it is a formal word employed in dignified settings. The character 「卓」 means "to stand out high above others," and 「見」 means "way of seeing, thinking"; together they express "outstanding insight." Words containing the same character 「卓」, such as 「卓越」「卓抜」「卓説」, all share the meaning of being superior to others.
AI-generated translation
N1
盾
たて
A defensive weapon held in the hand to protect oneself from enemy arrows or swords, as in 「盾を構える」(to hold up a shield). In modern usage, the same character is also used for shields carried by riot police and for commemorative plaques given as awards (楯). By extension, it is used metaphorically for an excuse or reason used to protect oneself, as in 「規則を盾に取る」(to use the rules as a shield) or 「法律を盾にする」(to hide behind the law).
AI-generated translation
N1
奉る
たてまつる
To offer something to a superior person or to gods and Buddhas, to give respectfully. Used in expressions such as 「神前に捧げ物を奉る」. An old-style word used only in very formal writing.
AI-generated translation
N1, N3
谷
たに
valley. A low, hollow place between mountains.
AI-generated translation
N1
打破
だは
Breaking through and removing the old systems, records, or states that have been obstacles. Used in expressions such as 「記録を打破する」「悪習を打破する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
駄弁
だべん
Pointless chatter. Used in expressions such as 「駄弁を弄する」「駄弁を振るう」. A formal word used critically to refer to drawn-out talk with no substance.
AI-generated translation
N1
打撲
だぼく
Striking the body strongly and injuring internal tissues. Used in expressions such as 「打撲を負う」「腰を打撲する」. A medical word indicating injury with internal bleeding and pain, distinguished from fractures or cuts.
AI-generated translation
N1
賜る
たまわる
Means to receive something from a superior, or for a superior to bestow something on someone below. Used as in 「お言葉を賜る」. Very formal honorific language used in greetings and formal correspondence. Sometimes also written in hiragana as 「たまわる」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.