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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
些末
さまつ
A word indicating something insignificant or unimportant when viewed in the broader context. A formal word used for discussions or issues. Used in forms like 「些末な問題」「些末にこだわる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
さも
さも
An adverb meaning "appearing clearly to be ~". Used in forms like 「さも〜そうに」「さも〜ように」, it indicates how something looks on the outside. It often carries the implication that the inner reality may differ. Separately, in the forms 「さもないと」「さもなくば」 it expresses the condition "otherwise / if not so," as in 「早く出よう、さもないと間に合わない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
障る
さわる
A verb meaning to spoil one's mood, or to have a negative effect on physical or mental condition. Used in forms like 「気に障る」「健康に障る」. The kanji differs from 「触る」, which means to physically touch.
AI-generated translation
N1
傘下
さんか
A word indicating a position under the control or protection of a large organization or power. From the image of standing under an umbrella to shelter from the rain, it expresses being under the protection of a stronger party. Used for corporate groups or political forces, in expressions such as 「傘下に入る」「傘下の企業」.
AI-generated translation
N1
散在
さんざい
A word indicating that things of the same kind exist scattered here and there over a wide area. A formal word used for buildings or materials. Used in forms like 「史跡が散在する」「資料が散在する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
暫時
ざんじ
A formal, classical-style adverb meaning "for a short while" or "for a moment." Used in official documents or essays, in forms like 「暫時休憩する」「暫時お待ちください」. It is read 「ざんじ」 and differs in both meaning and reading from the similar-looking 「漸次」 (ぜんじ／gradually).
AI-generated translation
N1
惨事
さんじ
A heart-wrenching and tragic event in which many people die or are injured. A formal word used for accidents or disasters. Used in forms like 「未曾有の惨事」「惨事を招く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
斬新
ざんしん
A word describing how an idea or method feels unprecedentedly new and fresh. Used for artworks, plans, or designs. Used in forms like 「斬新なアイデア」「斬新なデザイン」.
AI-generated translation
N1
暫定
ざんてい
A word indicating a tentative decision made for the interim until a formal decision can be reached. A formal word used in forms like 「暫定的な処置」「暫定政権」.
AI-generated translation
N1
惨敗
ざんぱい
A word indicating a crushing defeat in a match, election, or battle where one is utterly unable to compete with the opponent. Used for losses with a large margin. Used in forms like 「選挙で惨敗する」「試合で惨敗する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
賛美
さんび
A word indicating the act of strongly praising in words a person, action, or work. A formal word used for evaluations of art or achievements. Used in forms like 「神を賛美する」「偉業を賛美する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
三昧
ざんまい
A word describing the state of being completely absorbed in a single activity. Mostly used as a suffix to other words, as in 「読書三昧」「ぜいたく三昧」, expressing devotion to something one enjoys. It is read 「ざんまい」, beginning with a voiced sound.
AI-generated translation
N1
散漫
さんまん
A word indicating a state in which one's attention and focus go in many directions and cannot concentrate on a single thing. Used in forms like 「注意力が散漫になる」「散漫な文章」.
AI-generated translation
N1
思案
しあん
Turning something over in one's mind, unable to decide what to do. Used as in 「思案にくれる」「思案の末」, in contexts of wracking one's brain to find a solution.
AI-generated translation
N1
強いる
しいる
To ignore the other person's feelings and force them to do something. Used in expressions like 「がまんを強いる」, it is used when imposing something unpleasant or burdensome on someone.
AI-generated translation
N1
仕掛け
しかけ
A device contrived for a specific purpose, or a mechanism designed to surprise or entertain people. Used in forms like 「仕掛けを施す」「大がかりな仕掛け」.
AI-generated translation
N1
然るべき
しかるべき
A prenominal expression meaning suitable for the situation, or naturally expected. A stiff expression used in official or formal contexts to mean "appropriate measures," as in 「然るべき対応」 and 「然るべき措置」. Also often written in hiragana as 「しかるべき」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
色彩
しきさい
(1) Color; a hue. 「鮮やかな色彩」. (2) A quality or tendency that something has. 「政治的色彩が強い」.
AI-generated translation
N1
直訴
じきそ
The act of skipping formal procedures and appealing directly to a person in a higher position. Used in forms like 「社長に直訴する」. Here the character 「直」 is read 「ジキ」, not 「チョク」.
AI-generated translation
N1
しきたり
しきたり
A custom that has been carried on from long ago in a region, family, or organization. Used in forms like 「村のしきたりを守る」「古いしきたり」.
AI-generated translation
N1
仕切る
しきる
The act of taking charge of and managing the proceedings of a setting. It also means to partition a space. Used in forms like 「会議を仕切る」「部屋を仕切る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
茂る
しげる
For the leaves and branches of grass or trees to grow vigorously and become abundant.
AI-generated translation
N1
志向
しこう
The act of directing one's awareness and moving toward a certain goal or direction. Often attached to nouns in the form 「〜志向」, as in 「健康志向」「本物志向」.
AI-generated translation
N1
試行錯誤
しこうさくご
A four-character idiom meaning to find a solution through repeated trial and error. Used as in 「試行錯誤を繰り返す」「試行錯誤の末」.
AI-generated translation
N1
施策
しさく
Specific policies or measures carried out by the government or local authorities. Used in forms like 「新たな施策を打ち出す」. It is read 「しさく」, not 「せさく」.
AI-generated translation
N1
思索
しさく
The act of reflecting deeply on the essence or principles of things. It refers to philosophical or abstract thinking. Used in forms like 「思索にふける」.
AI-generated translation
N1
師事
しじ
The act of looking up to a particular person as a master and receiving their teachings. Used in forms like 「〇〇氏に師事する」, expressing a relationship of learning directly from a specific master.
AI-generated translation
N1
資質
ししつ
Qualities and abilities one is born with. Used in forms like 「指導者としての資質」「資質に恵まれる」, often referring to the aptitudes needed for a certain role.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
沈める
しずめる
To make something sink to a lower place, such as under water. 「沈める」 is used when a person or a force pushes something down, and 「沈む」 when something goes down of its own accord: 「船を沈める」 versus 「船が沈む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
慕う
したう
To long for someone and want to be close to them or follow them. It is used both for a person one respects and for a person one feels fond of and close to.
AI-generated translation
N1
疾患
しっかん
A disease or illness. Particularly used as a medical term. Used in forms like 「心臓疾患」「生活習慣病などの疾患」. It is read 「しっかん」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しつかん」.
AI-generated translation
N1
執行
しっこう
The act of actually carrying out what has been decided. Used in forms like 「予算を執行する」「刑を執行する」. It is read 「しっこう」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しゅうこう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
疾走
しっそう
The act of running at a very high speed. Used in forms like 「馬が草原を疾走する」「全力疾走」. It is read 「しっそう」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しつそう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
嫉妬
しっと
The act of envying and feeling resentment toward another's happiness or superior qualities. Used in forms like 「友人の成功に嫉妬する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
萎びる
しなびる
For moisture to be lost, tautness to disappear, and something to wrinkle and shrivel up. It is used to describe vegetables, plants, or flowers that have become old.
AI-generated translation
N1
しなやか
しなやか
To be elastic, bend easily, and not break easily. It is also used to describe body movements that are soft and smooth.
AI-generated translation
N1
指南
しなん
The act of teaching and guiding technique in martial arts or traditional arts. Used in forms like 「剣術を指南する」「指南役」.
AI-generated translation
N1
至難
しなん
Something so difficult that nothing could be more difficult. Often used in the fixed expression 「至難の業」.
AI-generated translation
N1
凌ぐ
しのぐ
Means to somehow get through a difficult situation, or to surpass others. Used as in 「寒さを凌ぐ」 and 「先輩を凌ぐ実力」. Also often written in hiragana as 「しのぐ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
忍び寄る
しのびよる
A verb meaning to approach quietly without being noticed. Used in forms like 「危機が忍び寄る」「背後から忍び寄る」. Used not only for physical approach but also for situations where danger or change is silently drawing near.
AI-generated translation
N1
忍ぶ
しのぶ
A verb meaning to endure pain or sorrow, or to hide from the sight of others. Used in forms like 「涙を忍ぶ」「人目を忍ぶ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
渋る
しぶる
The act of hesitating and being reluctant to act. Used in forms like 「返事を渋る」「支払いを渋る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
地道
じみち
A word describing the attitude of continuing effort steadily without flashiness. Used in forms like 「地道な努力」「地道に働く」. Here the character 「地」 is written as 「じ」, not 「ち」 or 「ぢ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
染みる
しみる
The act of liquid or color slowly seeping into the inside of an object. It also means an emotion or teaching that sinks deeply into one's heart. Used in forms like 「インクが染みる」「心に染みる言葉」.
AI-generated translation
N1
締めくくる
しめくくる
The act of wrapping things up and bringing them to a close at the end. Used in forms like 「話を締めくくる」「一年を締めくくる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
下手
しもて
The lower side of a stage or river. On a stage it means the left side as seen from the audience; on a river it means the direction the water flows toward. Used as in "舞台の下手から登場する" (to enter from stage left). The opposite side is "上手（かみて）". The same "下手" read as "へた" is a different word meaning being unable to do something well.
AI-generated translation
N1
諮問
しもん
The act of a higher-ranking body posing questions to seek the opinions of a group of experts or knowledgeable persons. Used as in 「審議会に諮問する」「諮問機関」.
AI-generated translation
N1
邪悪
じゃあく
A heart that is twisted and full of malice. Used in forms like 「邪悪な心」「邪悪な笑み」, expressing strong wickedness.
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N1
煮沸
しゃふつ
A word indicating the act of boiling water until it reaches a boil. Often used in hygiene management contexts, in forms like 「煮沸消毒」. Note that the character 「煮」 here is read 「しゃ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
収拾
しゅうしゅう
As the character 「拾」 (to pick up) suggests, it originally means to pick up and gather objects. From there it extended to mean pulling together and calming a chaotic situation. Today the latter sense is primary, used in forms like 「事態を収拾する」「収拾がつかない」. It differs in meaning from the homophone 「収集」 (collecting objects).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.