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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
1,325words ・ 0Learned
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N1
固執
こしつ
「固」 means firmly, and 「執」 means to grasp or cling; together they mean to cling firmly. It refers to stubbornly not changing one's opinion or thoughts. Used in expressions like 「自説に固執する」 or 「過去に固執する」, in contexts that critically describe a lack of flexibility.
AI-generated translation
N1
こじつけ
こじつけ
It refers to forcibly connecting things that originally have no relation by attaching some reasoning. Used in expressions like 「こじつけにすぎない」 or 「こじつけの解釈」, it is a noun used in situations of criticizing forced association.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
擦る
こする
To press something firmly against the surface of an object and move it. A different action from 「摩る」 (to stroke gently) or 「刷る」 (to print), which are also read 「する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大
こだい
「誇」 means to boast, and 「大」 means large; together they mean to make something appear larger by boasting. It refers to saying or showing something as larger than it actually is. Used in expressions like 「誇大広告」 or 「誇大に表現する」, in contexts that criticize expressions inflated beyond reality.
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大妄想
こだいもうそう
「誇大」 means exaggerated and inflated, and 「妄想」 means imagining without basis in fact; together they mean imagining oneself as larger than one really is. It refers to thinking of one's ability or position as far greater than reality, divorced from facts. Used in expressions like 「誇大妄想に陥る」, it is a four-character idiom used to criticize excessive self-evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
滑稽
こっけい
To be so absurd that it is funny enough to make one laugh without meaning to.
AI-generated translation
N1
拒む
こばむ
It refers to clearly not accepting another's proposal or demand. Used in expressions like 「面会を拒む」 or 「協力を拒む」, it is a somewhat formal verb used in situations of refusing with strong intent.
AI-generated translation
N1
凝らす
こらす
It refers to gathering one's mind or ingenuity to one point and putting it to work. Used in expressions like 「目を凝らす」 or 「趣向を凝らす」, it is a verb used in situations of strongly concentrating one's consciousness or creativity.
AI-generated translation
N1
根幹
こんかん
「根」 means root, and 「幹」 means trunk; together they refer to the root and trunk of a tree, that is, the center supporting things. It refers to the most central and important part of a matter. Used in expressions like 「制度の根幹」 or 「根幹に関わる」, it is a formal word for the foundation of an organization or system.
AI-generated translation
N1
権化
ごんげ
A word referring to something that embodies a particular quality or spirit in tangible form. Used metaphorically as in「悪の権化」「執念の権化」to describe an entity that extremely embodies a certain trait.
AI-generated translation
N1
根源
こんげん
「根」 means root, and 「源」 means the source of a river; the word combines two synonymous characters, both indicating the starting point of something. It refers to the great source from which things arise. Used in expressions like 「根源を探る」 or 「悪の根源」, it is a formal word for the cause lying at the deepest part of something.
AI-generated translation
N1
昏睡
こんすい
「昏」 means dark, that is, consciousness growing dim, and 「睡」 means to sleep; together they mean losing consciousness as if in deep sleep. It refers to a state of being unconscious and unresponsive even when called. It is a word used in medical contexts for situations of serious illness or accident, as in 「昏睡状態」 or 「昏睡に陥る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
痕跡
こんせき
「痕」 and 「跡」 are both characters meaning a trace; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a trace left behind showing that something once existed. Used in expressions like 「痕跡が残る」 or 「痕跡をたどる」, it is a formal word used in investigative or tracking contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
根絶
こんぜつ
「根」 means root, and 「絶」 means to cut off; together they express completely eliminating something, like pulling out weeds from the root. Used in expressions like 「犯罪を根絶する」 or 「根絶を目指す」, it is a formal word used in contexts of completely removing harm or disease.
AI-generated translation
N1
根底
こんてい
「根」 means root, and 「底」 means bottom; together they mean the bottom of the root, that is, the deepest part of a matter. It refers to the unseen foundation or premise that lies at the very bottom of something. Used in expressions like 「根底にある」 or 「根底から覆す」, it is a formal word for what lies at the deepest part of one's thought or values.
AI-generated translation
N1
昏倒
こんとう
「昏」 means dark, that is, consciousness growing dim, and 「倒」 means to fall; together they mean to lose consciousness and fall. It refers to losing consciousness and collapsing on the spot. Used in expressions like 「昏倒する」 or 「路上で昏倒した」 in medical or incident contexts, it is a formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
混沌
こんとん
「混」 means to mix, and 「沌」 means a primordial undivided state; the word originally referred to the chaotic state before heaven and earth separated in Chinese mythology. It refers to a state in which things are confused and order or distinction is unclear. Used in expressions like 「混沌とした状況」 or 「混沌に陥る」, it is a formal word for the state of society, politics, or a place.
AI-generated translation
N1
混迷
こんめい
「混」 means to mix, and 「迷」 means to be lost; together they mean to be mixed up and lose one's way. It refers to a situation in which everything is in disarray and the future cannot be foreseen. Used in expressions like 「政局が混迷する」 or 「混迷を深める」, it is a formal word used in social and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
才覚
さいかく
Wisdom and ability to handle situations skillfully by reading the circumstances at hand. A formal word indicating the capacity to navigate through challenges in business, negotiation, or problem-solving. Used in forms like 「才覚がある」「才覚で切り抜ける」.
AI-generated translation
N1
採集
さいしゅう
A word indicating the gathering of plants, animals, materials, or specimens in the field. A formal word used for academic or hobby-oriented collecting activities. Used in forms like 「昆虫採集」「標本を採集する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
最盛期
さいせいき
A word indicating the period when the momentum or activity of something is at its peak. Used for the peak periods of historical industries, cultures, or someone's career. Used in forms like 「産業の最盛期」「最盛期を迎える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
采配
さいはい
「采配」originally referred to a tasseled implement used by military commanders to direct troops on the battlefield. From this, the word came to mean a person in a leadership position overseeing the whole and giving direction or instructions. Commonly used in the idiomatic form 「采配を振る」, often in reference to the leadership of sports coaches or business managers.
AI-generated translation
N1
遮る
さえぎる
A verb meaning to stop something midway so it does not pass through, such as a gaze, light, sound, or a person's movement. Used in forms like 「視線を遮る」「光を遮る」. It also means to interrupt someone's speech, as in 「話を遮る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
さえずる
さえずる
For a small bird to sing continuously. It is written with the kanji 「囀る」, but is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
冴える
さえる
For a color, sound, light, or the like to be crisp and clear. It is also used to mean that one's mind is clear and functioning well. Conversely, it is often used in the negated form 「冴えない」 to describe an expression or mood that does not brighten up.
AI-generated translation
N1
遡る
さかのぼる
A verb meaning to go upstream against a river's current, or to trace time or a line of discussion back toward the past. Used in forms like 「川を遡る」「歴史を遡る」「話が遡る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
先行き
さきゆき
The outlook or future course of something. Mainly used in contexts referring to the future of economy, business, or life, in forms like 「先行きが不透明」「先行きを案じる」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
裂く
さく
(1) To pull one thing apart and divide it into two or more pieces. 「布を裂く」. (2) To forcibly separate people who are close to each other. 「二人の仲を裂く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
錯誤
さくご
Holding a perception that differs from reality due to a mistaken understanding, or the error itself. A formal word used as a component of compound words such as 「試行錯誤」「時代錯誤」, and also used in legal contexts in the form 「〜の錯誤」 such as 「事実の錯誤」「法律の錯誤」.
AI-generated translation
N1
搾取
さくしゅ
A word indicating that someone in a stronger position unjustly takes the fruits of labor or profits from the weaker. A formal word used in contexts discussing economic or social problems. Used in forms like 「労働者を搾取する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
錯綜
さくそう
A word describing a state in which many complex matters are intertwined and difficult to sort out. Used for information, circumstances, opinions, and the like, in expressions such as 「情報が錯綜する」「利害が錯綜する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
策定
さくてい
A word indicating the formal decision of a plan, policy, or rule after careful consideration. A formal word used when public institutions or companies decide on systems or policies. Used in forms like 「方針を策定する」「計画を策定する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
些細
ささい
A word indicating something so small and trivial that it is not worth bringing up. Used for the causes of conflicts or worries, in forms like 「些細なこと」「些細な違い」.
AI-generated translation
N1
ささやく
ささやく
A verb meaning to speak very quietly in a hushed voice. Used for whispering secrets, and also for soft sounds made by the wind or leaves. Used as in 「耳元でささやく」 and 「風がささやく」. In kanji it is written 「囁く」, but it is more often written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
差し当たり
さしあたり
An adverb meaning "for the time being" or "for now." It indicates a temporary approach taken at the present stage even though the future is uncertain. Used in forms like 「差し当たり問題はない」「差し当たり不要だ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
指図
さしず
The act of giving orders from a superior position to direct others' actions. Used in expressions such as 「指図を受ける」「人に指図する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
差し迫る
さしせまる
A verb indicating that a situation requiring response, such as a deadline or danger, is approaching very close. Used in forms like 「期限が差し迫る」「危険が差し迫る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
差し支える
さしつかえる
A verb indicating that something causes hindrance to subsequent schedules, work, or activities. Also used in the negative form 「差し支えない」 with the meaning "no problem." Used in forms like 「明日の仕事に差し支える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
差し引き
さしひき
A word indicating the result remaining after subtracting one number from another, or the amount left after offsetting income against expenditure. Used in calculation or accounting contexts. Used in forms like 「差し引きで利益が出る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
授ける
さずける
A verb indicating that a superior or someone in a position of authority bestows something important or a qualification upon someone of lower standing. Often used for intangible things such as titles, academic degrees, secret teachings, or wisdom.
AI-generated translation
N1
摩る
さする
To lightly place the palm of one's hand on something and move it as if stroking it. This kanji is not used in everyday writing and is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
さぞ
さぞ
An adverb expressing the speculative feeling "surely it must be ~" after considering the other person's situation. Mostly used in forms like 「さぞ〜だろう」「さぞ〜に違いない」, in contexts of empathizing with someone's hardship or joy.
AI-generated translation
N1
さぞかし
さぞかし
An adverb that is an emphatic form of 「さぞ」, expressing a strong speculative feeling about the other person's situation. Used in the form 「さぞかし〜だろう」, it is a more formal expression with deeper emotion than 「さぞ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
早急
さっきゅう
A word expressing that something should be done immediately, in haste. Used in expressions such as 「早急な対応」「早急に処理する」. Traditionally read as 「さっきゅう」, though in recent years the reading 「そうきゅう」 has also come into wide use.
AI-generated translation
N1
察知
さっち
The act of sensing and perceiving changes in a situation or another person's feelings before being told explicitly. Used in forms like 「危険を察知する」「意図を察知する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
悟る
さとる
A verb meaning to come to understand the surrounding situation or the truth through thinking or feeling. It implies realizing on one's own without being explicitly told. Used in forms like 「真意を悟る」「事態の深刻さを悟る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
さながら
さながら
A word functioning as both an adverb and a particle, describing how something appears to be exactly like another thing. Used in forms like 「〜さながらの」「〜さながらだ」, it likens the subject to something else. A formal word used in metaphorical expressions.
AI-generated translation
N1
捌く
さばく
A verb meaning to handle fish, tasks, or people skillfully and efficiently. Used in situations such as cutting up fish, clearing through a heavy workload, or attending to many customers. Used in forms like 「魚を捌く」「仕事を捌く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
さほど
さほど
An adverb indicating that the degree is not all that great. It must be used with a negative expression, in the form 「さほど〜ない」. It conveys the speaker's judgment that something is not as expected.
AI-generated translation
N1
様変わり
さまがわり
A word indicating that the state or circumstances have changed greatly compared to before. Used for changes over time in the appearance of towns or the state of an industry. Used in forms like 「町が様変わりする」「業界が様変わりする」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.