church. A building where Christians gather to pray.
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N4競争きょうそう
To compare speed, strength, etc., with others in order to decide who is best.
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N4興味きょうみ
A feeling of wanting to know more or try doing something. Example: 「音楽に興味がある」 (interested in music).
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N4, N5切るきる
cut. To divide something with scissors or a knife. Example: 「かみを切る」 (to cut paper). Also used to mean stopping something, as in 「電気を切る」 (to turn off electricity), 「電話を切る」 (to hang up the phone).
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N4近所きんじょ
A nearby place close to where one lives.
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N4具合ぐあい
The condition of one's body or a machine, etc. Example: 「体の具合がわるい」 (not feeling well).
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N4空気くうき
air. What is around us for people to breathe. Also used to mean the atmosphere of a place.
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N4空港くうこう
airport. A place where airplanes take off and land.
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N4草くさ
grass. A green plant that grows in gardens or mountains, etc. Not a tree.
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N4首くび
neck. The part that connects the head and body. Also used to mean being fired from a job, as in 「首になる」 (to get fired).
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N1, N4汲むくむ
Originally a verb meaning to scoop up liquid with a vessel. From this it developed the figurative meaning of perceiving and showing consideration for another person's circumstances or feelings. Used in situations where one reads and accepts another's unspoken thoughts, as in 「事情を汲む」(understand someone's circumstances)、「気持ちを汲む」(understand someone's feelings)、「真意を汲む」(grasp the true intention). The form 「汲み取る」 is also commonly used. The figurative usage is central.
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N4雲くも
cloud. A white or dark mass floating in the sky.
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N4比べるくらべる
To look at two or more things and examine their differences. Example: 「ねだんを比べる」 (to compare prices).
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N2, N4, N5来るくる
come. For a person or thing to move toward where the speaker is. The antonym is 「行く」 (to go). The reading changes to 「こ」 or 「き」 in forms like 「来ない」 and 「来ます」.
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N4暮れるくれる
For the sun to set and the surroundings to grow dark. Example: 「日が暮れる」 (the day draws to a close). Also used to mean a year coming to an end, as in 「今年も暮れる」 (this year is ending too).
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N4毛け
hair. Thin strands that grow on the body or on animals. Also used to mean material for clothing, etc., as in 「毛のセーター」 (a wool sweater).
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N4経済けいざい
economy. The system by which goods and money are created and moved.
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N4警察けいさつ
police. A place, and the people, whose job is to protect the safety of a town and prevent wrongdoing.
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N4景色けしき
scenery. The surrounding sights that can be seen, such as mountains or the sea.
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N4消しゴムけしごむ
eraser. A tool for erasing writing made with a pencil.
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N4下宿げしゅく
lodging. To pay money to rent a room in someone's house and live there.
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N4決してけっして
Followed by a negative, a word intensifying the feeling of "absolutely." Example: 「決してわすれない」 (I will never forget).
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N4原因げんいん
The reason or cause why something happened. Example: 「じこの原因」 (the cause of an accident).
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N4喧嘩けんか
quarrel. To argue or fight with someone. Used for both verbal disputes and physical fighting.
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N4研究けんきゅう
research. To investigate or think deeply about something.
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N4研究室けんきゅうしつ
laboratory. A room for doing research.
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N4見物けんぶつ
To go see something rare or famous. Example: 「おまつりを見物する」 (to view a festival). The same 「見物」 read as 「みもの」 is a different word referring to something worth seeing, something entertaining to watch.
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N4郊外こうがい
suburbs. A quiet area away from the center of a town.
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N4講義こうぎ
lecture. What a teacher teaches students at a university, etc.
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N4工業こうぎょう
industry. An industry that makes things using machines, etc.
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N4高校こうこう
The school one attends after junior high school. Formally called 「高等学校」, but usually called 「高校」.
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N4高校生こうこうせい
high school student. A student attending high school.
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N4工場こうじょう
factory. A building where things are made using machines. The same 「工場」 is sometimes read 「こうば」, in which case it often refers to a small factory in a town.
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N4校長こうちょう
principal. The highest-ranking person at a school. Oversees the entire school.
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N4交通こうつう
Movement of people and things by car, train, airplane, etc. Example: 「交通がべんりなまち」 (a town with convenient transportation).
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N4講堂こうどう
auditorium. A room at a school, etc., where many people gather for ceremonies and events.
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N4公務員こうむいん
civil servant. A person who does work for the country or town, such as at a city hall.
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N2, N4国際こくさい
Something between countries. It is always attached to the front of another word, and 「国際」 alone never stands in a sentence. A plane that flies between countries is a 「国際線（こくさいせん）」, and ties between countries are 「国際関係（こくさいかんけい）」; there are also 「国際けっこん」 and 「国際くうこう」. In the form 「国際的（こくさいてき）」 it becomes a word that describes what something is like, as in 「国際的にゆうめいな店」.
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N4心こころ
heart. The thing inside a person that feels happiness, sadness, etc. Also used to mean a way of thinking, as in 「心がひろい」 (broad-minded).
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N4故障こしょう
For a machine or tool to break and stop working. Example: 「くるまが故障する」 (a car breaks down).
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N4小鳥ことり
small bird. A small bird, such as a sparrow.
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N4この間このあいだ
A certain time a little while ago. Example: 「この間、えきで先生に会った」 (I met the teacher at the station the other day).
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N4この頃このごろ
A recent period, close to now. Example: 「この頃、さむくなった」 (it has gotten cold lately).
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N4細かいこまかい
A state where the size or amount of something is small. Also used to mean small denominations of money, as in 「細かいおかね」 (small change).
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N4ごみごみ
trash. Something no longer needed that is thrown away.
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N4込むこむ
For there to be many people or vehicles, becoming crowded. Example: 「でんしゃが込む」 (the train gets crowded).
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N4, N5米こめ
rice. White grains grown in a paddy field, used as food. Usually cooked by boiling.
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N4壊すこわす
To hit or drop something so it can no longer be used. Example: 「おもちゃを壊す」 (to break a toy). When it breaks on its own, 「壊れる」 is used.
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N4壊れるこわれる
For something to break and become unusable. Example: 「パソコンが壊れる」 (a computer breaks).
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N4冷めるさめる
For the temperature of something hot to drop. Also used to mean feelings weakening, as in「きょうみが冷める」(interest cools/fades).
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