To be surprised because something unexpected happened. Example: 「しらせをきいて驚く」 (to be surprised at hearing the news).
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N4お祭りおまつり
festival. An event held in a town or shrine, such as to give thanks to the gods.
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N4思い出すおもいだす
To bring something forgotten back to mind. Example: 「むかしのことを思い出す」 (to recall something from long ago).
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N3〜N5思うおもう
To think or feel something in one's mind. Example: 「あしたは雨だと思う」 (I think it will rain tomorrow).
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N4おもちゃおもちゃ
toy. Something for children to play with.
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N2, N4表おもて
The side of something that faces forward or can be seen from the outside. The antonym is 「裏」 (the back/reverse side). The same 「表」 read as 「ひょう」 is a different word referring to something in which figures or items are arranged vertically and horizontally.
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N4親おや
parent. The person who gave birth to and raises a child. Father and mother.
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N4下りるおりる
To move from a high place to a low place. Example: 「かいだんを下りる」 (to go down the stairs). Also used to mean getting off a vehicle, as in 「バスを下りる」 (to get off a bus).
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N3, N4折るおる
To bend a hard object and separate it. Example: 「えだを折る」 (to break a branch). Also used to mean bending paper to make a shape, as in 「かみを折る」 (to fold paper).
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N4お礼おれい
To convey a feeling of gratitude, or the words used to do so, when someone has helped you. Example: 「お礼を言う」 (to say thank you).
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N1, N3, N4折れるおれる
For a hard object to bend and separate. Example: 「えだが折れる」 (a branch breaks).
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N4終わりおわり
For something to come to an end, the final part. The antonym is 「はじめ」 (the beginning).
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N4会議かいぎ
meeting. To gather with others to discuss something, such as for work.
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N4会議室かいぎしつ
meeting room. A room for holding meetings.
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N4会場かいじょう
venue. A place where a ceremony, tournament, exhibition, etc., is held.
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N4会話かいわ
conversation. Talking with a person, discussing something together.
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N4, N5帰りかえり
Returning to home or one's original place, or the time of doing so. The antonym is 「行き」 (going).
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N4変えるかえる
To make something into something different from before. Example: 「よていを変える」 (to change a plan). When it happens on its own, 「変わる」 is used.
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N4, N5顔かお
face. The front part of the head, where the eyes, nose, and mouth are.
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N4科学かがく
science. An academic field that investigates the workings of nature through experiments and observation.
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N4鏡かがみ
mirror. A tool for reflecting and viewing one's own appearance.
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N3〜N5かかるかかる
To require time or money. Example: 「駅まで十分かかる」 (it takes 10 minutes to the station). Has various uses, as in 「かぎがかかる」 (to be locked), 「電話がかかる」 (a call comes in). Written with the kanji 「掛かる」, but usually written in hiragana.
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N2〜N5掛けるかける
To hang or place something somewhere. Example: 「かべに絵を掛ける」 (to hang a picture on a wall). Also has various other uses, such as making a phone call or sitting in a chair.
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N4堅いかたい
A state where the content is solid and dependable. Also used for a serious way of thinking or personality. Example:「堅いしごと」(a steady job). Distinguished in writing from the homophones「硬い（かたい）」(strong to the touch) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
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N4硬いかたい
A state where something is strong and not easily broken or dented. Example:「硬い石」(a hard stone). Also used for a stiff body or expression. Distinguished in writing from the homophones「堅い（かたい）」(solid in content) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
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N2〜N4家庭かてい
The place where family members, such as parents and children, live together. Example: 「家庭で作る料理」 (home-cooked food).
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N1, N4柄がら
A pattern appearing on the surface of cloth, paper, and the like. Used as in「花柄」「柄物のシャツ」. It also expresses personality, dignity, or the nature of things, used in idioms and compounds that express the nature inherent to a person or thing, as in「柄が悪い」「柄にもない」「人柄」「家柄」.
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N3〜N5代わりかわり
For a different person or thing to take on a role. In the form 「お代わり」, it is also used to mean having a second helping of food.
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N4変わるかわる
To become something different from before. Example: 「きせつが変わる」 (the season changes). When changing something oneself, 「変える」 is used.
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N4考えるかんがえる
To use one's head to think about various things. Example: 「こたえを考える」 (to think about the answer).
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N4関係かんけい
For two or more things to be connected. Example: 「しごとに関係がある本」 (a book related to work).
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N4簡単かんたん
A state of being easy to understand, simple. Not requiring much effort. Example: 「簡単なもんだい」 (an easy problem).
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N4, N5木き
tree. A large plant that grows from the ground, with branches and leaves.
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N4機会きかい
A good time to do something. A chance. Example: 「話す機会がない」 (no chance to talk).
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N4危険きけん
A state of being dangerous. A state where injury or accident might occur. The antonym is 「安全」 (safety).
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N3〜N5聞こえるきこえる
For sound or a voice to reach one's ears. Example: 「うたが聞こえる」 (a song can be heard).
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N4技術ぎじゅつ
technology. Skill or method for making things or carrying out tasks.
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N4季節きせつ
season. Each of the four seasons within a year: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
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N4規則きそく
A rule that everyone must follow. Example: 「学校の規則」 (school rules).
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N4絹きぬ
silk. A soft, beautiful thread or cloth made from an insect called a silkworm.
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N4記念きねん
To do something, or something left behind, so as not to forget. Example: 「記念しゃしん」 (a commemorative photo).
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N4厳しいきびしい
A state where rules or guidance are strict, with no leeway. Also used to mean weather being harshly severe, as in 「厳しいさむさ」 (severe cold).
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N4気分きぶん
The current feeling of one's body or mind. Example: 「気分がいい」 (feeling good), 「気分がわるい」 (feeling unwell).
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N4決まるきまる
For something to be clearly decided. Example: 「よていが決まる」 (a plan is set). When deciding it oneself, 「決める」 is used.
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N4決めるきめる
To clearly choose and decide something. Example: 「行き先を決める」 (to decide on a destination).
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N3, N4気持ちきもち
The happy, sad, etc., state one feels in one's heart. Also used to mean physical sensation, as in 「気持ちがわるい」 (feeling sick/unwell).
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N4着物きもの
kimono. Traditional Japanese clothing.
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N4急きゅう
sudden; hurried. A state of something happening unexpectedly, all at once. Example: 「急に雨がふる」 (it suddenly rains). Also used to mean being in a hurry, as in 「急いで走る」 (to run in a hurry).
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N4急行きゅうこう
A train that skips stations along the way to go faster.
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N4教育きょういく
education. To teach knowledge and skills to children or young people.
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