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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
嘲笑
ちょうしょう
Laughing at and mocking another person. A formal word used in expressions such as 「嘲笑を浴びる」「嘲笑する」 in contexts of laughing while looking down on the other party.
AI-generated translation
N1
長蛇
ちょうだ
A word describing the appearance of a line stretching out like a long snake. As an idiomatic expression, it is used almost exclusively in the form 「長蛇の列」 to describe situations where queues of people or cars stretch on at great length. Used as in 「長蛇の列ができる」「長蛇の列に並ぶ」. While it literally means "a long snake" and is rarely used to refer to an actual long snake as a creature, in modern Japanese the word survives almost entirely within the idiom.
AI-generated translation
N1
挑発
ちょうはつ
Provoking the other party to make them angry or draw them into a dispute. A formal word used in expressions such as 「相手を挑発する」「挑発に乗る」 in contexts of intentionally stirring up the other side.
AI-generated translation
N1
重宝
ちょうほう
The quality of being convenient and useful, or the feeling that something is so handy one cannot do without it. Used as in 「この道具は重宝している」「冬場はこのコートを重宝する」「小さくて重宝な財布」, it is generally used in the verb form 「重宝する／している」 or the na-adjective form 「重宝な」. Originally a word meaning "a precious treasure," with 「重」 meaning "valuable, important" and 「宝」 meaning "treasure," it derived its modern sense of "convenient and useful" from the feeling of being unable to part with something cherished like a treasure.
AI-generated translation
N1
眺望
ちょうぼう
The scenery seen widely and far when looking from a high place. A formal word used in expressions such as 「眺望が良い」「眺望が開ける」 in introductions of hotels, mountain climbing, or real estate.
AI-generated translation
N1
弔問
ちょうもん
Visiting the home of the deceased and offering condolences. A formal word used in expressions such as 「弔問に訪れる」「弔問客」 in funeral contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
跳躍
ちょうやく
The action of leaping the body high or far. A formal word used in expressions such as 「跳躍力」「跳躍競技」 in topics of track and field or physical education.
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N1
朝令暮改
ちょうれいぼかい
Policies changing constantly and being unreliable, as if an order issued in the morning has already changed by evening. A formal four-character idiom used critically, as in 「朝令暮改の政策」.
AI-generated translation
N1
直結
ちょっけつ
Two things being directly connected with nothing in between. Used in expressions such as 「成果に直結する」「健康に直結する」 in contexts where cause and effect are strongly linked.
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N1
ちらほら
ちらほら
An adverb describing the state of appearing or occurring here and there in small amounts. Used in expressions such as 「ちらほら咲き始める」「ちらほら見かける」 to describe a state of being few and scattered.
AI-generated translation
N1
鎮圧
ちんあつ
Suppressing a riot or rebellion by force and calming it down. A formal word used in expressions such as 「暴動を鎮圧する」「反乱を鎮圧する」 in contexts of police or military stopping turmoil. Used as a sa-hen verb.
AI-generated translation
N1
鎮静
ちんせい
A disturbance, agitation, or pain calming down and becoming quiet. A formal word used in expressions such as 「事態が鎮静化する」「鎮静剤」 in contexts of an aroused state becoming calm.
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N1
沈殿
ちんでん
Dirt or components in a liquid sinking and settling at the bottom. Used in expressions such as 「不純物が沈殿する」「沈殿物」. A formal word often seen in chemistry and natural science contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
追従
ついしょう
Read as 「ついしょう」, it means to flatter and curry favor by ingratiating oneself with others. Used as in 「追従笑い」「追従を言う」「追従的な態度」, it is a formal word that critically describes the act of bending one's true feelings to be liked by others. The character 「追」 means to chase, and 「従」 means to follow; together they form the meaning of "complying entirely with the other party's wishes." Note that 「追従」 is also read as 「ついじゅう」, in which case it is a different word meaning "to follow after" or "to follow precedent."
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N1
追伸
ついしん
A sentence written in addition after finishing the main body of a letter or email. Used in writing that begins with 「追伸」 or in the form 「追伸として」 to add supplementary content to the main text.
AI-generated translation
N1
追随
ついずい
Following behind another person or organization and acting in the same way. Used in contexts of following what comes before, as in 「他社の追随を許さない」「大国に追随する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
追悼
ついとう
Mourning and grieving for the deceased. A formal word used in expressions such as 「追悼する」「追悼式」「追悼の意を表す」 in contexts of expressing sorrow with respect for the dead.
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N1
追放
ついほう
Forcibly removing undesirable persons or things from a place or group. A formal word used in expressions such as 「国外追放」「業界から追放される」 in contexts of public or organizational exclusion.
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N1
費やす
ついやす
Spending time, money, or effort. Used in expressions such as 「時間を費やす」「大金を費やす」 when consuming a significant amount.
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N1
痛快
つうかい
A state of being so refreshing as to clear one's chest. Used in expressions such as 「痛快な勝利」「痛快な話」 in contexts of joy that releases pent-up frustration.
AI-generated translation
N1
痛切
つうせつ
A state of feeling something strongly enough to sink into oneself. Used in expressions such as 「痛切に感じる」「痛切に思う」 in contexts of deeply feeling emotions such as regret, necessity, or sadness.
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N1
通達
つうたつ
An official notice or instruction issued from a government office or upper organization to a lower one. A formal word used in expressions such as 「省からの通達」「通達を出す」 in contexts of formal or organizational hierarchical relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
通念
つうねん
A way of thinking commonly shared in society. Mostly used in the form 「社会通念」, as in 「社会通念上」「通念に反する」, indicating a standard of judgment accepted as common sense.
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N1
痛烈
つうれつ
A state of being fierce and severe. Used in expressions such as 「痛烈な批判」「痛烈に非難する」 in contexts where attacks or criticism toward the other party are sharp and harsh.
AI-generated translation
N1
束の間
つかのま
A very brief, fleeting span of time. Used as in 「束の間の休息」「束の間の幸せ」「束の間の静けさ」 in situations where one cherishes a short time that will quickly pass. The character 「束」 was originally an old unit of length representing the width of a finger when the hand is clenched, about four fingers wide, from which it came to mean "very brief." While it shares its etymological origin with words containing the same character such as 「束ねる」「結束」「花束」, in 「束の間」 it has settled into a distinctive usage expressing the shortness of time.
AI-generated translation
N1
遣わす
つかわす
For a superior to send an inferior to a certain place, or for a superior to bestow items upon an inferior. Used as in 「使者を遣わす」「家来を遣わす」「褒美を遣わす」, it is an archaic word in a highly formal style. Hardly used in modern everyday conversation, it appears mainly in period dramas, classical literature, historical documents, and ceremonial writing. Kanji compounds containing the same character 「遣」, such as 「派遣」「遣唐使」, share the meaning of "dispatching someone to a place."
AI-generated translation
N1
付きっ切り
つきっきり
Staying beside someone without leaving. Used in expressions such as 「付きっ切りで看病する」「付きっ切りで指導する」 in contexts of attending to a person or thing for a long time without taking one's eyes off.
AI-generated translation
N1
つくづく
つくづく
A state of feeling something deeply, as if it sinks into the heart. Used in contexts of strongly feeling some emotion, as in 「つくづく感じる」「つくづく思う」. Can be used in both somewhat formal written and spoken language.
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N1
付け焼き刃
つけやきば
An idiomatic expression for shallow knowledge or skill acquired hastily as a stopgap. Used in expressions such as 「付け焼き刃の勉強」「付け焼き刃では通用しない」 in contexts critically describing temporary coping that lacks real ability.
AI-generated translation
N1
培う
つちかう
Cultivating ability or character over a long period of time. Used in expressions such as 「体力を培う」「信頼を培う」 with the meaning of slowly fostering ability, relationships, or foundations. Often used for abstract objects.
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N1
津々浦々
つつうらうら
A word meaning "every corner of the nation, everywhere in the country." The character 「津」 refers to a port where ships come and go, and 「浦」 refers to a seashore or inlet; doubling each creates the meaning "every port, every shore," extended to "every nook and cranny of the country." It is somewhat formal written language, used as in 「津々浦々に知れ渡る」「全国津々浦々から人が集まる」. This expression reflects the geography of Japan as a country surrounded by sea, and is used to refer broadly to all regions and areas.
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N1
慎む
つつしむ
Restraining one's speech and behavior to maintain moderation. Used in expressions such as 「言葉を慎む」「飲酒を慎む」 with the meaning of restraining oneself from acts that might become inappropriate.
AI-generated translation
N1
筒抜け
つつぬけ
A secret or internal information leaking out as it is. Also a state in which voices or conversations can all be heard through the wall. Used in contexts where information that should be blocked leaks out, as in 「計画が筒抜けになる」「隣の部屋の会話が筒抜けだ」.
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N1
綴る
つづる
Writing characters or sentences in succession. Used in expressions such as 「思いを綴る」「日記を綴る」 with the meaning of writing something down as a text. It also means binding sheets of paper together.
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N1
努めて
つとめて
A state of consciously trying as much as possible to do something. Used in the forms 「努めて〜する」「努めて〜しない」, an adverb used in contexts of consciously controlling one's attitude or behavior.
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N1
綱渡り
つなわたり
A metaphor for proceeding while just barely escaping a dangerous situation. An idiomatic expression describing a precarious situation that could fail with even a small mistake, used in expressions such as 「綱渡りの経営」「綱渡りの交渉」.
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N1
常々
つねづね
Always, all the time as a regular matter. Used in expressions such as 「常々〜と思っている」「常々〜と感じていた」 in contexts of expressing constant opinions or feelings. An adverb used in written and formal spoken language.
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N1
常日頃
つねひごろ
Ordinary days, normal times. Often used in the form 「常日頃から」, attached to actions or awareness with the meaning of 「continuously from everyday life」.
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N1
募る
つのる
To call widely for people or things and gather them, as in「参加者を募る」(to recruit participants),「寄付を募る」(to solicit donations). It also has the meaning that an emotion or momentum gradually grows stronger, as in「不安が募る」(anxiety mounts),「怒りが募る」(anger builds up).
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N1
つぶさに
つぶさに
One by one in detail, without omission. Used in expressions such as 「つぶさに観察する」「つぶさに報告する」 to describe not missing any detail. An adverb leaning toward written language, often used in formal style.
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N1
壺
つぼ
A container with a narrow mouth. Made of materials such as ceramic, porcelain, or glass, it is used to hold liquids, food, ashes of the dead, and the like. It is used in expressions like 「花を生ける壺」(a vase for arranging flowers), 「梅干しを漬ける壺」(a jar for pickling plums), or 「骨壺」(a funerary urn). By extension, it is also used metaphorically for the key point or vital spot of something. Expressions like 「壺を押さえる」(to grasp the key point) or 「壺を心得る」(to understand the key point) describe accurately catching what matters most. 「壺にはまる」is used both for fitting precisely with the key point and for events unfolding exactly as the other party intended.
AI-generated translation
N1
紡ぐ
つむぐ
To twist together fibers such as cotton or silkworm cocoons to make a single thread. Used as in「綿を紡ぐ」(to spin cotton),「羊毛を紡ぐ」(to spin wool). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean piecing together words or a story little by little to compose them, as in「物語を紡ぐ」(to weave a story),「言葉を紡ぐ」(to craft words).
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N1
爪痕
つめあと
Literally, a scratch mark left by a claw or fingernail, as in 「壁に爪痕が残る」(claw marks remain on the wall). By extension, it is used metaphorically for the marks of serious damage or influence left behind by disasters or major events. It is often used in contexts describing the scars left by significant events, as in 「台風の爪痕」(the scars of a typhoon) or 「戦争の爪痕」(the scars of war).
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N1
提議
ていぎ
Formally putting forward a topic or proposal at a meeting. Used in expressions such as 「改革を提議する」. A formal word used in more official contexts than a mere suggestion.
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N1
提携
ていけい
A cooperative relationship established to advance business together. A formal word used in expressions such as 「業務提携」「技術提携」 indicating cooperation between enterprises.
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N1
締結
ていけつ
Formally concluding a contract or treaty. A formal word used in expressions such as 「条約を締結する」「契約を締結する」 in contexts of establishing official agreements.
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N1
体裁
ていさい
The outward form or how something appears to the world. A formal word used as in「体裁を気にする」in contexts that place importance on appearance over substance. It also refers to the visual arrangement or format of documents and the like, as in「報告書の体裁を整える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
偵察
ていさつ
Secretly investigating the situation of an enemy or rival. A formal word used in expressions such as 「偵察に出る」 in contexts of probing the other party's movements, such as in military matters or competitor research.
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N1
低姿勢
ていしせい
Taking a humble attitude that defers to the other party. A formal word used in expressions such as 「低姿勢で臨む」 in contexts of engaging with a modest demeanor.
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N1
提唱
ていしょう
Putting forth a new opinion or idea and calling for it widely. A formal word used in expressions such as 「新説を提唱する」「環境保護を提唱する」 in contexts of publicly disseminating one's claim.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.