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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
1,325words ・ 0Learned
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N1
退ける
しりぞける
Originally means to make a person or thing move back. By extension, it is also used in the sense of refusing to accept an opponent or a proposal. Used as in 「敵を退ける」(to repel an enemy) or 「反対意見を退ける」(to reject opposing opinions).
AI-generated translation
N1
試練
しれん
A severe hardship that tests a person's ability and conviction. Used in forms like 「試練を乗り越える」「試練に立ち向かう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
芯
しん
The hard part at the center of an object. Used as in 「リンゴの芯」(apple core) or 「鉛筆の芯」(pencil lead). By extension, it also refers to the essential core of a person's mind or of a matter, and is used in forms such as 「芯が強い」(to have a strong core, i.e., to be mentally tough).
AI-generated translation
N1
真摯
しんし
A sincere and earnest attitude. Used in forms like 「真摯に向き合う」「真摯な姿勢」.
AI-generated translation
N1
心情
しんじょう
The feelings or inner thoughts a person holds in a given situation. Often used in contexts of empathizing with another's feelings, in forms like 「心情を察する」「複雑な心情」.
AI-generated translation
N1
神聖
しんせい
Free of impurity and so precious that it must not be violated. Used in expressions like 「神聖な場所」, it is often applied to things held sacred in a religious sense.
AI-generated translation
N1
甚大
じんだい
Damage or impact so great that it exceeds ordinary measures. Used in forms like 「甚大な被害」「甚大な影響」, emphasizing the scale of a negative situation.
AI-generated translation
N1
尽力
じんりょく
The act of devoting one's efforts to a particular matter. Often used in formal settings with expressions of gratitude toward others, in forms like 「尽力する」「ご尽力に感謝する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
随一
ずいいち
Being the most outstanding within a certain scope. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「国内随一の規模」「業界随一の実力」, evaluating something as number one among many.
AI-generated translation
N1
遂行
すいこう
The act of carrying out an entrusted task or plan to its completion. A formal word used in forms like 「職務を遂行する」「任務を遂行する」 in contexts of completing actions involving responsibility. It is read 「すい・こう」; note that 「遂」 is read 「すい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
随時
ずいじ
Meaning "whenever needed" rather than at a fixed time. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「随時受け付ける」「随時更新する」 in contexts where there is no fixed timing and response is given upon request.
AI-generated translation
N1
衰弱
すいじゃく
The weakening of physical strength and energy to the point of being unable to function as before. A formal word used in forms like 「衰弱が進む」「体が衰弱する」 in contexts where bodily functions decline due to illness, age, or fatigue.
AI-generated translation
N1
随所
ずいしょ
Meaning "everywhere" or "here and there." A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「随所に工夫が見られる」「随所に配置する」 in contexts referring to things commonly seen in many places.
AI-generated translation
N1
随伴
ずいはん
The act of accompanying a principal person or matter. A formal word used in forms like 「大臣に随伴する」「随伴現象」 in official or academic contexts. It is read 「ずいはん」; note that 「随」 is voiced as 「ずい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
睡魔
すいま
An expression likening overpowering drowsiness to a demon. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「睡魔に襲われる」「睡魔と闘う」, personifying the sleepiness that comes when one does not wish to sleep.
AI-generated translation
N1
崇高
すうこう
Meaning noble, sacred, and spiritually elevated. A formal word used in forms like 「崇高な理念」「崇高な使命」, in contexts praising abstract values such as ideals, spirit, or character.
AI-generated translation
N1
趨勢
すうせい
The direction in which things are heading, or the overall flow. A formal word used in forms like 「時代の趨勢」「世界の趨勢に従う」 referring to large currents rather than individual events. It is read 「すうせい」, with 「趨」 as 「すう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
崇拝
すうはい
The act of revering and worshipping deities or great figures from the heart. A formal word used in forms like 「英雄を崇拝する」「崇拝の対象」, in religious contexts or with strong reverence. It carries deeper respect than mere fondness.
AI-generated translation
N1
末頼もしい
すえたのもしい
「末」means the future or what lies ahead. The expression means that the future is promising and great expectations can be placed on someone or something. Used when evaluating young people or things that have just begun, with the meaning "the road ahead is something to look forward to." Used in expressions like 「末頼もしい若手」 and 「末頼もしい活躍」, this is a somewhat formal phrase used in situations that suggest a person's future growth.
AI-generated translation
N1
据える
すえる
The act of placing an object or person in a particular position or status so that it remains fixed. Used in forms like 「腰を据える」「社長に据える」 for both physical placement and abstract assignment. A formal word with the implication of bringing something into a settled, stable state.
AI-generated translation
N1
透かす
すかす
A verb meaning to create gaps so that one can see through, or to hold something up to the light to see what is inside. Used in expressions like 「紙を透かして見る」 and 「枝を透かす」. Here it is read as 「す」, not 「とう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
すがる
すがる
A verb meaning to grip something firmly to support one's body. The original meaning is to rely on something physically, as in 「手すりにすがる」. By extension, it means to entrust both body and mind to something one can depend on, in a situation one cannot manage by one's own strength. Used in expressions like 「望みにすがる」 and 「神にすがる」, in contexts that carry desperation and urgency.
AI-generated translation
N1
鋤く
すく
The act of turning over field soil with the farming tool called 「鋤」. An agricultural term referring to tilling the earth for cultivation, used in forms like 「畑を鋤く」. It is read 「すく」 and differs in usage from homophones such as 「漉く」「梳く」「透く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
巣食う
すくう
The act of birds or insects making a nest and dwelling there. From this it also extends to bad thoughts or evil forces taking root inside. A somewhat formal word often used metaphorically, in forms like 「疑念が心に巣食う」「組織に巣食う不正」.
AI-generated translation
N1
少なからず
すくなからず
Meaning that the degree or amount is too significant to ignore. A formal way of saying 「かなり」「相当」, used in contexts expressing the magnitude of emotion or impact, in forms like 「少なからず驚いた」「少なからず影響を受けた」.
AI-generated translation
N1
健やか
すこやか
Sound and healthy in body and mind. Often used in wishes for children's growth, as in 健やかに育つ (grow up healthy).
AI-generated translation
N1
凄まじい
すさまじい
Means far beyond the ordinary in degree, to an overwhelming extent. Used to emphasize the intensity of natural phenomena, emotions, momentum, and so on, as in 「凄まじい勢い」 and 「凄まじい音」. Can be used in both positive and negative senses. Also often written in hiragana as 「すさまじい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
ずさん
ずさん
Means that the way something is done is sloppy, with many errors and cut corners. A formal word of negative evaluation used for work, documents, and plans, as in 「ずさんな計画」 and 「ずさんな管理」. In kanji it is written 「杜撰」, but it is generally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
筋道
すじみち
The order or logical flow when proceeding with something. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「筋道を立てて説明する」「話の筋道が通る」, evaluating logic and order, expressing the consistency of reasoning.
AI-generated translation
N1
素性
すじょう
A person's origin or family background, or an object's source. Used in forms like 「素性の知れない人物」「素性が明らかな品」 when inquiring about provenance or identity. It is read 「すじょう」, with 「素」 as 「す」 and 「性」 as 「じょう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
濯ぐ
すすぐ
To wash something with water to remove dirt or detergent. This kanji is not used in everyday writing and is normally written in hiragana. The kanji 「漱ぐ」, which is read the same way as 「すすぐ」, means to rinse out one's mouth with water, whereas this word means to wash things such as clothing.
AI-generated translation
N1
廃れる
すたれる
The state in which things once widely used gradually fall out of use. Used in forms like 「古い風習が廃れる」「流行が廃れる」 in contexts of customs, cultures, or trends declining and disappearing. It carries the nuance of fading away naturally.
AI-generated translation
N1
すばしっこい
すばしっこい
The state of being quick and nimble in movement, hard to catch. A colloquial word for the swift movements of small things or children, used in forms like 「すばしっこい子ども」「ねずみがすばしっこく逃げる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
図太い
ずぶとい
A personality that does not waver over small matters and is bold and unflinching. Used in forms like 「図太い神経」「図太く構える」 evaluating a person who remains calm in the face of hardship or criticism. A colloquial word that can be used both negatively and positively.
AI-generated translation
N1
図星
ずぼし
Originally a word referring to the black spot at the center of an archery target. By extension, it means that another person's pointing out or guess hits the mark exactly. Used in expressions like 「図星を指す」 and 「図星だった」, in situations where a hidden truth has been seen through. As a colloquial word, it is often used in contexts that carry the agitation and awkwardness of being found out.
AI-generated translation
N1
澄む
すむ
The state of becoming transparent and pure as cloudiness or dirt disappears. Used in forms like 「水が澄む」「空気が澄む」「音が澄む」 expressing the purity of liquids, air, or sounds. Can also be used metaphorically for the mind, as in 「澄んだ目」「心が澄む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
摺る
する
To transfer a picture or pattern from a mold or printing block onto something. This kanji is not used in everyday writing and is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
ずる賢い
ずるがしこい
To be skilled at using one's wits to do sly, underhanded things for one's own benefit. It is said with a critical feeling, implying that one's cleverness is being used for a bad purpose.
AI-generated translation
N1
寸分
すんぶん
A very small amount or degree. A formal word usually combined with negative expressions in forms like 「寸分の狂いもない」「寸分違わず」, emphasizing completeness in the sense of "not at all ~."
AI-generated translation
N1
制圧
せいあつ
The act of suppressing an opponent with military force or great power and placing them under control. A formal word used in forms like 「敵を制圧する」「反乱を制圧する」 in military, police, or power-struggle contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
生育
せいいく
For a plant or animal to grow and become larger. It also means to raise or cultivate something.
AI-generated translation
N1
性急
せいきゅう
A restless state in which one tries to push things forward too quickly. A formal word used in forms like 「性急な判断」「性急に結論を出す」, negatively evaluating haste lacking in caution.
AI-generated translation
N1
制裁
せいさい
The act of imposing punishment on those who violate rules or morals. A formal word used in forms like 「制裁を加える」「経済制裁」, referring to punishment between nations, organizations, or within groups.
AI-generated translation
N1
精彩
せいさい
A vivid brilliance or vitality. A formal word used in forms like 「精彩を放つ」「精彩を欠く」, evaluating someone's performance or the quality of a work.
AI-generated translation
N1
脆弱
ぜいじゃく
Fragile and weak. A formal word used in forms like 「脆弱性」「脆弱な体制」, referring not only to physical weakness but also to flaws in organizations, systems, or structures. It begins not with 「せ」 but with the voiced 「ぜ」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
精神
せいしん
The workings of the human mind and consciousness; the mental side as opposed to the body. 精神的に疲れる (mentally tired). Also means the idea at the root of something, as in チームの精神 (the team's spirit).
AI-generated translation
N1
制する
せいする
The act of suppressing an opponent to dominate, or restraining one's own emotions or actions. A formal word used in forms like 「試合を制する」「怒りを制する」, in the sense of winning a contest or exercising self-control.
AI-generated translation
N1
整然
せいぜん
The state in which things are arranged in proper order and orderly fashion. A formal word used in forms like 「整然と並ぶ」「整然とした論理」, expressing an orderly state without disorder.
AI-generated translation
N1
制定
せいてい
The act of officially establishing laws, regulations, or systems. A formal word used in forms like 「法律を制定する」「憲法を制定する」, referring to the formal establishment by public authorities.
AI-generated translation
N1
成敗
せいばい
The act of punishing and chastising those who have done evil. A formal word used in period dramas or historical contexts, also used verbally in the form 「成敗する」. In modern usage it is often used metaphorically, as in 「悪を成敗する」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.