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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
拭い去る
ぬぐいさる
A verb meaning to wipe with a cloth or similar item to completely remove dirt or moisture. Used literally as in 「汗を拭い去る」 (to wipe away sweat). It is also used figuratively to mean completely removing anxiety, suspicion, or similar feelings. Used in situations where abstract things are erased, as in 「疑念を拭い去る」「不安を拭い去る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
拭う
ぬぐう
To wipe away dirt or tears. Also used to remove abstract things, as in「不安を拭う」or「疑念を拭う」.
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N1
抜け落ちる
ぬけおちる
A verb meaning that something that should be there is missing and gone. Used both physically, as in 「髪の毛が抜け落ちる」「葉が抜け落ちる」, and abstractly, as in 「データが抜け落ちる」「記憶が抜け落ちる」.
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N1
抜け駆け
ぬけがけ
Acting alone ahead of others, ignoring an agreement or arrangement with one's group. Used as in「抜け駆けする」or「抜け駆けは許さない」. Used in situations involving competition or shared interests.
AI-generated translation, reviewed by a native speaker
N1
抜け目ない
ぬけめない
Not missing anything to one's own advantage and acting swiftly. Used as in「抜け目ない商売人」or「抜け目なく立ち回る」, describing a shrewd, calculating manner.
AI-generated translation
N1
主
ぬし
The owner of something or the central figure in a matter. Used as in「家の主」or「噂の主」. It also refers to a being that has long dwelt in a place and is treated like its master, as in「池の主」or「山の主」, describing a large animal or the like that has lived there for a long time. The same「主」read as「しゅ」is a different word referring to the central or most important thing.
AI-generated translation
N1
盗み聞き
ぬすみぎき
The act of secretly listening to someone else's conversation without them realizing it. Used as in 「隣の部屋の会話を盗み聞きする」「電話を盗み聞きされる」. Because it involves intentional secret listening, it is close in meaning to 「立ち聞き」 (eavesdropping while standing nearby). When done using a device, the word 「盗聴」 (electronic eavesdropping) is used instead; when communications are received by someone who is not the intended recipient, the word 「傍受」 (interception) is used.
AI-generated translation
N1
盗み見る
ぬすみみる
Secretly looking at another's belongings or state without being noticed. Used as in「答案を盗み見る」or「表情を盗み見る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
布目
ぬのめ
The pattern or texture on the surface of cloth produced by the way it is woven. Used as in「布目が細かい」or「布目に沿って切る」.
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N1
塗り替える
ぬりかえる
A verb meaning to repaint walls, fences, and similar surfaces. Used as in 「外壁を塗り替える」 (to repaint the outer wall). It is also used figuratively to mean refreshing or renewing a record or situation. Used in situations where the old is replaced with the new, as in 「記録を塗り替える」「歴史を塗り替える」.
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N1
濡れ衣
ぬれぎぬ
Originally meaning clothes wet from rain. By extension, it refers to a false accusation or suspicion of a crime one did not commit. The expression is said to derive from the image of being made to wear wet garments and thereby drawing suspicion. Used as in「濡れ衣を着せる」(falsely accuse) or「濡れ衣を晴らす」(clear oneself of a false charge). Read as「ぬれぎぬ」, not「ぬれごろも」.
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N1
値崩れ
ねくずれ
A sharp drop in the market price of goods. Used as in「値崩れを起こす」or「値崩れが続く」, in market or distribution contexts.
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N1
寝覚め
ねざめ
Waking up from sleep. Also refers to one's mood upon waking. The form「寝覚めが悪い」is common, expressing a bad aftertaste or pangs of conscience.
AI-generated translation
N1
妬む
ねたむ
Feeling envy at another's happiness or success and finding them hateful. Used as in「人の成功を妬む」or「出世した同僚を妬む」.
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N1
捏造
ねつぞう
Fabricating something untrue as if it were real. Used as in「証拠を捏造する」or「データの捏造」.
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N1
粘り強い
ねばりづよい
A manner of not easily giving up despite difficulty and continuing through to the end. Used as in「粘り強い交渉」or「粘り強く取り組む」.
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N1
根深い
ねぶかい
An adjective meaning that a problem or attitude is deeply rooted and cannot easily be resolved, like the roots of a plant extending deep into the ground. Used for serious phenomena that persist over a long period, as in 「根深い問題」「根深い偏見」.
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N1
値踏み
ねぶみ
Estimating the price of an item. By extension, also used to roughly assess the value of a person or thing. Used as in「商品を値踏みする」or「相手を値踏みする」.
AI-generated translation
N1
根掘り葉掘り
ねほりはほり
Persistently questioning down to the smallest detail. Used as in「根掘り葉掘り聞く」or「根掘り葉掘り質問する」, in scenes of probing.
AI-generated translation
N1
寝耳に水
ねみみにみず
Being startled by news one had not anticipated at all. Used as in「寝耳に水の出来事」or「寝耳に水だった」, expressing surprise at sudden news.
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N1
狙い撃ち
ねらいうち
Selectively attacking or focusing on a particular target. Used as in「違反業者を狙い撃ちにする」.
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N1
狙い目
ねらいめ
The most suitable timing or target for achieving a goal. Used as in「今が狙い目だ」or「この価格帯が狙い目だ」, referring to a good chance or advantageous target.
AI-generated translation
N1
練り上げる
ねりあげる
Repeatedly considering something in detail to refine it into something better. Used as in「企画を練り上げる」or「戦略を練り上げる」.
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N1
年季
ねんき
Long years of experience and training. Mostly used in the set form「年季が入る」, expressing mastery.
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N1
年功序列
ねんこうじょれつ
A system in which rank and pay rise according to years of service and age. Used as in「年功序列の制度」or「年功序列を見直す」, when discussing personnel systems.
AI-generated translation
N1
懇ろ
ねんごろ
Being warm and courteous. Describes treating someone with heartfelt care. Used as in「懇ろにもてなす」or「懇ろな関係」.
AI-generated translation
N1
捻挫
ねんざ
Injuring a joint by twisting it. Used as in「足首を捻挫する」or「捻挫で歩けない」. The character「捻」is read「ねん」and means "to twist."
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N1
捻出
ねんしゅつ
Managing to come up with money or time through ingenuity. Used as in「費用を捻出する」or「時間を捻出する」.
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N1
年俸
ねんぽう
The total amount of salary for one year. Used as in「年俸制」or「年俸契約」. The character「俸」is read「ほう」and is distinct from「棒」(ぼう).
AI-generated translation
N1
能天気
のうてんき
A word describing an optimistic manner without deep thought. Used as in「能天気な発言」or「能天気に構える」, for an attitude in which one is unconcerned even when those around are worried.
AI-generated translation, reviewed by a native speaker
N1
能弁
のうべん
A word describing speaking skillfully, with words flowing fluently. Used as in「能弁な人」or「能弁に語る」, for a person or scene of persuasive speech.
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N1
濃密
のうみつ
A word meaning content or relationships are packed densely and deeply. Used as in「濃密な時間」or「濃密な議論」, for a richly substantial state.
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N1
軒並み
のきなみ
An adverb meaning that something applies to almost all within a certain range. Used as in「軒並み値上がりした」or「軒並み好成績だった」, for a state of the same trend without exception.
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N1
のさばる
のさばる
A verb meaning to exceed one's proper place and act as one pleases with a brazen face. Used as in「悪者がのさばる」or「のさばった態度」, for a state of settling in unrestrained.
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N1
野晒し
のざらし
A word meaning a state without any roof, left exposed to wind and rain. Used as in「野晒しの資材」or「野晒しにされた車」, for the state of being left abandoned to the elements.
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N1
乗っ取る
のっとる
A verb meaning to seize another's possessions or organization by force or scheme. Used as in「会社を乗っ取る」or「飛行機を乗っ取る」, in scenes of wresting control from the rightful owner.
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N1
のっぴきならない
のっぴきならない
A word for a state from which one cannot flee or escape. Used as in「のっぴきならない事情」or「のっぴきならない状況」, for a pressing situation in which nothing can be done.
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N1
喉元
のどもと
A word for the front of the throat, the area at the front of the neck. Widely known through the proverb「喉元過ぎれば熱さを忘れる」, it is also used metaphorically for a state in which suffering or danger is right at hand.
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N1
罵る
ののしる
A verb meaning to hurl harsh words at another. Used as in「人前で罵る」or「大声で罵る」.
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N1
野放し
のばなし
A word for a state of being left unmanaged and unsupervised. Used as in「野放しにする」or「野放し状態」, for leaving alone what should normally be controlled.
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N1
伸び悩む
のびなやむ
A verb meaning that growth or progress stalls partway and does not advance as expected. Used as in「売上が伸び悩む」or「成績が伸び悩む」, in scenes where an anticipated rise has plateaued.
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N1
伸びやか
のびやか
A word describing a relaxed, pleasantly expansive state. Used as in「伸びやかな歌声」or「伸びやかに育つ」, for the state of stretching freely without restraint.
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N1
のめり込む
のめりこむ
A verb meaning to become deeply absorbed in something to the point of losing sight of other things. Used as in「趣味にのめり込む」or「研究にのめり込む」, for scenes of going overboard in immersion.
AI-generated translation, reviewed by a native speaker
N1
呪い
のろい
A word for the act of praying for harm to befall a person or thing, or for that power itself. Used as in「呪いをかける」or「呪いを解く」. Carries the nuance of pouring feelings of resentment and anger into wishing misfortune upon another.
AI-generated translation
N1
呪う
のろう
A verb meaning to call down misfortune upon a person or thing. Used as in「運命を呪う」or「相手を呪う」, in scenes of wishing unhappiness with strong resentment and anger.
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N1
のんき
のんき
Describes an easygoing attitude, not taking things seriously. Used for a relaxed attitude even in situations that call for concern, as in 「のんきな性格」 and 「のんきに構える」. In kanji it is written 「呑気」 or 「暢気」 (both ateji), but it is generally written in hiragana.
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N1
拝察
はいさつ
The humble form of 「察する (to surmise)」. Used in expressions like 「ご多忙のことと拝察いたします (I humbly surmise that you must be busy)」「ご心痛のほど拝察申し上げます (I humbly perceive the depth of your grief)」. It is a formal word that politely expresses surmising another's situation or feelings, a humble form widely used in correspondence, business documents, and expressions of condolence. It is hardly used in everyday conversation, and is established as a polite, well-mannered expression in writing.
AI-generated translation
N1
拝借
はいしゃく
The humble form of 「借りる (to borrow)」. It is a humble form used in expressions like 「お知恵を拝借したい (may I borrow your wisdom)」「机を拝借します (allow me to borrow the desk)」「お時間を拝借する (allow me to take up some of your time)」. It is used in scenes of borrowing objects, knowledge, or time from another party, to express politeness. It is widely used in business and formal conversation, established as an expression for politely making a request while showing respect to superiors or clients.
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N1
背信
はいしん
Refers to going against trust or fidelity. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「背信行為 (an act of betrayal)」「背信のそしりを免れない (one cannot escape charges of betrayal)」「背信に走る (to resort to betrayal)」. 「背」 means to turn one's back, 「信」 means trust or fidelity; together they express "to turn one's back on trust". It is used in scenes of betraying promises, expectations, or loyalty, and is a word used with weighty implications in business, political, and personal contexts.
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N1
排斥
はいせき
Refers to pushing away and refusing to accept something as undesirable. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「外国製品を排斥する (to boycott foreign products)」「異論を排斥する (to reject dissenting views)」「排斥運動 (a movement of exclusion)」. 「排」 means to push away, 「斥」 also means to push away; the two stacked characters emphasize "pushing away strongly". It is used in situations where particular persons, things, or ideas are shut out of an organization or society, used widely in news reports, historical writing, and social theory.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.