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JLPT N1 Vocabulary
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N1
直訴
じきそ
The act of skipping formal procedures and appealing directly to a person in a higher position. Used in forms like 「社長に直訴する」. Here the character 「直」 is read 「ジキ」, not 「チョク」.
AI-generated translation
N1
しきたり
しきたり
A custom that has been carried on from long ago in a region, family, or organization. Used in forms like 「村のしきたりを守る」「古いしきたり」.
AI-generated translation
N1
仕切る
しきる
The act of taking charge of and managing the proceedings of a setting. It also means to partition a space. Used in forms like 「会議を仕切る」「部屋を仕切る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
茂る
しげる
For the leaves and branches of grass or trees to grow vigorously and become abundant.
AI-generated translation
N1
志向
しこう
The act of directing one's awareness and moving toward a certain goal or direction. Often attached to nouns in the form 「〜志向」, as in 「健康志向」「本物志向」.
AI-generated translation
N1
試行錯誤
しこうさくご
A four-character idiom meaning to find a solution through repeated trial and error. Used as in 「試行錯誤を繰り返す」「試行錯誤の末」.
AI-generated translation
N1
施策
しさく
Specific policies or measures carried out by the government or local authorities. Used in forms like 「新たな施策を打ち出す」. It is read 「しさく」, not 「せさく」.
AI-generated translation
N1
思索
しさく
The act of reflecting deeply on the essence or principles of things. It refers to philosophical or abstract thinking. Used in forms like 「思索にふける」.
AI-generated translation
N1
師事
しじ
The act of looking up to a particular person as a master and receiving their teachings. Used in forms like 「〇〇氏に師事する」, expressing a relationship of learning directly from a specific master.
AI-generated translation
N1
資質
ししつ
Qualities and abilities one is born with. Used in forms like 「指導者としての資質」「資質に恵まれる」, often referring to the aptitudes needed for a certain role.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
沈める
しずめる
To make something sink to a lower place, such as under water. 「沈める」 is used when a person or a force pushes something down, and 「沈む」 when something goes down of its own accord: 「船を沈める」 versus 「船が沈む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
慕う
したう
To long for someone and want to be close to them or follow them. It is used both for a person one respects and for a person one feels fond of and close to.
AI-generated translation
N1
疾患
しっかん
A disease or illness. Particularly used as a medical term. Used in forms like 「心臓疾患」「生活習慣病などの疾患」. It is read 「しっかん」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しつかん」.
AI-generated translation
N1
執行
しっこう
The act of actually carrying out what has been decided. Used in forms like 「予算を執行する」「刑を執行する」. It is read 「しっこう」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しゅうこう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
疾走
しっそう
The act of running at a very high speed. Used in forms like 「馬が草原を疾走する」「全力疾走」. It is read 「しっそう」, with a small 「っ」, not 「しつそう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
嫉妬
しっと
The act of envying and feeling resentment toward another's happiness or superior qualities. Used in forms like 「友人の成功に嫉妬する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
萎びる
しなびる
For moisture to be lost, tautness to disappear, and something to wrinkle and shrivel up. It is used to describe vegetables, plants, or flowers that have become old.
AI-generated translation
N1
しなやか
しなやか
To be elastic, bend easily, and not break easily. It is also used to describe body movements that are soft and smooth.
AI-generated translation
N1
指南
しなん
The act of teaching and guiding technique in martial arts or traditional arts. Used in forms like 「剣術を指南する」「指南役」.
AI-generated translation
N1
至難
しなん
Something so difficult that nothing could be more difficult. Often used in the fixed expression 「至難の業」.
AI-generated translation
N1
凌ぐ
しのぐ
Means to somehow get through a difficult situation, or to surpass others. Used as in 「寒さを凌ぐ」 and 「先輩を凌ぐ実力」. Also often written in hiragana as 「しのぐ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
忍び寄る
しのびよる
A verb meaning to approach quietly without being noticed. Used in forms like 「危機が忍び寄る」「背後から忍び寄る」. Used not only for physical approach but also for situations where danger or change is silently drawing near.
AI-generated translation
N1
忍ぶ
しのぶ
A verb meaning to endure pain or sorrow, or to hide from the sight of others. Used in forms like 「涙を忍ぶ」「人目を忍ぶ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
渋る
しぶる
The act of hesitating and being reluctant to act. Used in forms like 「返事を渋る」「支払いを渋る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
地道
じみち
A word describing the attitude of continuing effort steadily without flashiness. Used in forms like 「地道な努力」「地道に働く」. Here the character 「地」 is written as 「じ」, not 「ち」 or 「ぢ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
染みる
しみる
The act of liquid or color slowly seeping into the inside of an object. It also means an emotion or teaching that sinks deeply into one's heart. Used in forms like 「インクが染みる」「心に染みる言葉」.
AI-generated translation
N1
締めくくる
しめくくる
The act of wrapping things up and bringing them to a close at the end. Used in forms like 「話を締めくくる」「一年を締めくくる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
下手
しもて
The lower side of a stage or river. On a stage it means the left side as seen from the audience; on a river it means the direction the water flows toward. Used as in "舞台の下手から登場する" (to enter from stage left). The opposite side is "上手（かみて）". The same "下手" read as "へた" is a different word meaning being unable to do something well.
AI-generated translation
N1
諮問
しもん
The act of a higher-ranking body posing questions to seek the opinions of a group of experts or knowledgeable persons. Used as in 「審議会に諮問する」「諮問機関」.
AI-generated translation
N1
邪悪
じゃあく
A heart that is twisted and full of malice. Used in forms like 「邪悪な心」「邪悪な笑み」, expressing strong wickedness.
AI-generated translation
N1
煮沸
しゃふつ
A word indicating the act of boiling water until it reaches a boil. Often used in hygiene management contexts, in forms like 「煮沸消毒」. Note that the character 「煮」 here is read 「しゃ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
収拾
しゅうしゅう
As the character 「拾」 (to pick up) suggests, it originally means to pick up and gather objects. From there it extended to mean pulling together and calming a chaotic situation. Today the latter sense is primary, used in forms like 「事態を収拾する」「収拾がつかない」. It differs in meaning from the homophone 「収集」 (collecting objects).
AI-generated translation
N1
収束
しゅうそく
The act of a chaotic or scattered situation settling down and converging into one. Used in forms like 「事態が収束する」「議論が収束する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
銃弾
じゅうだん
A bullet fired from a gun. Used in forms like 「銃弾が命中する」「銃弾を浴びる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
周到
しゅうとう
Preparation and care that extend thoroughly to every detail. Used in forms like 「用意周到」「周到な計画」.
AI-generated translation
N1
熟考
じゅくこう
The act of thinking deeply over time. Used in forms like 「熟考の末に決断する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
縮図
しゅくず
A drawing made by reducing an actual object to a smaller scale. By extension, it also refers to something that reflects the reality of society or events in a condensed, miniature form. Often used figuratively, as in 「社会の縮図」(a microcosm of society) or 「人生の縮図」(a microcosm of life).
AI-generated translation
N1
熟知
じゅくち
The state of knowing something thoroughly down to every detail. Used in forms like 「事情を熟知する」, expressing deep knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N1
宿命
しゅくめい
A fate determined from birth that cannot be changed by human power. Used in forms like 「宿命を背負う」「宿命のライバル」.
AI-generated translation
N1
主導
しゅどう
The act of taking the central position to lead and direct things. Used in forms like 「主導権を握る」「〇〇主導で進める」.
AI-generated translation
N1
手腕
しゅわん
Originally means 「手と腕」(hand and arm). By extension, it came to refer to the ability or skill to handle things well. Used as in 「手腕を発揮する」(to demonstrate one's ability) or 「経営手腕」(managerial ability), when evaluating high executive capability.
AI-generated translation
N1
旬
しゅん
The season when fish, vegetables, or fruits taste best. It also refers to the period when something or someone is most active. Used in forms like 「旬の食材」「旬の俳優」.
AI-generated translation
N1
馴致
じゅんち
The act of accustoming wild animals to humans. It also means gradually adapting to a certain state. Used in forms like 「馬の馴致」.
AI-generated translation
N1
成就
じょうじゅ
The fulfillment of a wish or desire. Used in forms like 「願いが成就する」「恋の成就」. A special compound word read 「じょうじゅ」, not 「せいしゅう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
精進
しょうじん
Originally a Buddhist term meaning to discard worldly distractions and devote oneself wholeheartedly to spiritual training. By extension, it came to refer broadly to dedicating oneself to one thing and accumulating effort. Used as in 「精進を重ねる」(to keep applying oneself diligently) or 「学業に精進する」(to devote oneself to one's studies). Read as 「しょうじん」, not 「せいしん」.
AI-generated translation
N1
醸成
じょうせい
Originally refers to slowly producing something such as alcohol through fermentation. By extension, it also refers to gradually creating a certain atmosphere or condition over time. Often used with abstract subjects, as in 「世論を醸成する」(to foster public opinion) or 「対立の機運が醸成される」(a mood of confrontation gradually builds up).
AI-generated translation
N1
焦燥
しょうそう
The feeling of restless impatience when things do not go as one wishes. Used in forms like 「焦燥感にかられる」「焦燥の色を浮かべる」. Note that both 「しょう」 and 「そう」 are long vowels.
AI-generated translation
N1
情緒
じょうちょ
A unique mood or atmosphere that pervades a place. It also refers to emotional shifts such as joy, anger, sorrow, or pleasure. Used in forms like 「下町の情緒」「情緒不安定」. It can also be read 「じょうしょ」, but 「じょうちょ」 is more common today.
AI-generated translation
N1
譲歩
じょうほ
The act of accepting part of an opposing party's claim and pulling back one's own position. Used in forms like 「譲歩を引き出す」「互いに譲歩する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
私欲
しよく
The feeling of seeking one's own personal gain or satisfaction. Used in forms like 「私欲にとらわれる」「私利私欲」, in critical contexts.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.