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JLPT N2 Vocabulary
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N2
苦難
くなん
It refers to a painful and difficult situation or experience. Used in expressions like 「苦難の道」 or 「苦難を乗り越える」, it is a formal word for trials in life or history.
AI-generated translation
N2
苦悩
くのう
It refers to suffering and worrying deeply in one's heart. Used in expressions like 「苦悩する」 or 「苦悩の表情」, it is a formal word used in situations of being mentally driven into a corner by a problem for which no path to a solution can be seen.
AI-generated translation
N2
工夫
くふう
「工」 means craft, and 「夫」 means person or activity; together they mean to put one's craftsmanship to work. It refers to using one's mind to find a better method. Used in expressions like 「工夫を凝らす」 or 「工夫する」, in situations of putting one's wits to work to improve or refine something.
AI-generated translation
N2
区分
くぶん
It refers to dividing the whole based on some criterion. Used in expressions like 「年齢区分」 or 「料金区分」, it is a formal word used in situations of classifying by nature, stage, or rank.
AI-generated translation
N2
組み合わせ
くみあわせ
The act of bringing multiple things together into one, or the manner of that combining. Used in expressions like 「色の組み合わせ」 or 「組み合わせ抽選」, it is a noun used broadly in situations of selecting elements or determining opponents in matches.
AI-generated translation
N2
組み入れる
くみいれる
It refers to taking a new element into an existing system or plan. Used in expressions like 「予算に組み入れる」 or 「日程に組み入れる」, in situations of formally positioning something as a component of the whole.
AI-generated translation
N2
組み替える
くみかえる
It refers to undoing a configuration or order that has been set up once and rearranging it in a different form. Used in expressions like 「日程を組み替える」 or 「組織を組み替える」, in situations of restructuring an existing structure.
AI-generated translation
N2
組み込む
くみこむ
It refers to taking something in as an element constituting the whole and making it an inseparable part. Used in expressions like 「機能を組み込む」 or 「条件を組み込む」, in situations of embedding something inside a system or plan.
AI-generated translation
N2
組み立てる
くみたてる
It refers to arranging parts or elements in order to make a finished product or overall structure. It is used broadly, from assembling furniture and machinery to constructing logic, plans, and writing.
AI-generated translation
N2
雲行き
くもゆき
It refers to a change in the course or atmosphere of a matter. Used in expressions like 「雲行きが怪しい」, in situations of sensing signs that things are likely to develop in an unfavorable direction. It is a metaphorical expression transferred from meteorology.
AI-generated translation
N2
暮らし向き
くらしむき
It refers to the economic situation of daily life. Used in expressions like 「暮らし向きが楽になる」, it is a somewhat formal everyday word for the comfort of household finances or the standard of living.
AI-generated translation
N2
繰り上げる
くりあげる
To move a scheduled date, time, or order earlier than originally planned. The word with the opposite meaning is 「繰り下げる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
食わず嫌い
くわずぎらい
It refers to disliking something from the start and not accepting it without having actually tried it. It is a set noun used broadly, including for prejudice toward new ways of thinking and matters, in addition to food.
AI-generated translation
N2
群衆
ぐんしゅう
It refers to a large number of people gathered in one place. Used in expressions like 「群衆が押し寄せる」 or 「群衆心理」, it is a formal word that objectively refers to the state of an unspecified large crowd.
AI-generated translation
N2
経緯
けいい
A word describing the circumstances or developments leading up to something. Focuses on process or background rather than outcome, as in「事件の経緯を説明する」「合併に至る経緯」. Can also be read as「いきさつ」using the kun reading.
AI-generated translation
N2
経過
けいか
Time passing by; also, the way something progresses and changes.
AI-generated translation
N2
契機
けいき
「契」 means to bond or to make a pact, and 「機」 means an occasion or trigger; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the trigger that brings about a change or action. Often used in the forms 「〜を契機に」 or 「〜を契機として」, it is a formal word for an event that becomes a turning point. It frequently appears in newspapers and essays.
AI-generated translation
N2
警護
けいご
It refers to accompanying and standing watch in order to protect important persons or important facilities from harm. Used in expressions like 「首相を警護する」 or 「警護にあたる」, it is a formal word used in situations where specialized personnel secure the safety of someone's surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
携行
けいこう
「携」 means to carry along, and 「行」 means to go; together they mean to carry along and go. It refers to carrying something on one's person while moving. Used in expressions like 「救急用品を携行する」 or 「身分証を携行する」, in situations of carrying necessary items while moving about. It is often seen in formal writing and rules or notices.
AI-generated translation
N2
渓谷
けいこく
A deep valley with a river running through it, flanked by mountains.
AI-generated translation
N2
慶事
けいじ
「慶」 means to rejoice, and 「事」 means an event; together they mean a joyous event. The word refers to happy occasions such as marriage, childbirth, or promotion. Used in expressions like 「一族の慶事」 or 「慶事が続く」, it is a formal word used in formal contexts or greetings.
AI-generated translation
N2
掲示
けいじ
To write something on paper or the like and post it in a visible place in order to inform many people.
AI-generated translation
N2
軽視
けいし
To view something lightly and not treat it as important. The word with the opposite meaning is 「重視」.
AI-generated translation
N2
傾斜
けいしゃ
It refers to a state of being slanted, or to leaning strongly in a certain direction. Used in expressions like 「急な傾斜」 or 「特定の業界に傾斜する」, it is a formal word used both for physical inclination and for biases in thought or interest.
AI-generated translation
N2
継承
けいしょう
「継」 means to succeed, and 「承」 means to inherit; the word combines two synonymous characters, both meaning to take over. It refers to receiving a position, property, or tradition from a predecessor. Used in expressions like 「王位を継承する」 or 「技術を継承する」, in contexts of being passed down across generations or positions.
AI-generated translation
N2
軽率
けいそつ
「軽」 means light, and 「率」 means rough or careless; together they describe being light and rough. It refers to acting without thinking carefully. Used in expressions like 「軽率な発言」 or 「軽率な判断」, in contexts that negatively evaluate acts lacking caution.
AI-generated translation
N2
警笛
けいてき
It refers to a whistle or device that vehicles, ships, or the like sound to give warning or signals of danger. Used in expressions like 「警笛を鳴らす」, in situations of producing a sound to call attention to a warning.
AI-generated translation
N2
渓流
けいりゅう
It refers to a small stream in a valley flowing through mountainous areas. Used in expressions like 「渓流釣り」 or 「渓流の音」, it is a formal word used in contexts of nature, mountaineering, and fishing.
AI-generated translation
N2
劇薬
げきやく
A medicine that has a strong effect on the body and is dangerous if mishandled. Also used metaphorically as in「劇薬的な政策」to refer to measures with great effect but also serious side effects.
AI-generated translation
N2
化身
けしん
The appearance of a deity or spiritual being in the form of a person or animal. Also used metaphorically to refer to an entity embodying a particular quality, as in「悪の化身」「美の化身」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
消す
けす
To stop a burning fire or an electric light that is on. Example: 「電気を消す」 (to turn off the light). Also used to mean erasing written characters. When it goes out by itself, 「消える」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N2
血縁
けつえん
It refers to having a blood relationship. Used in expressions like 「血縁関係」 or 「血縁を頼る」, it indicates biological kinship such as parent-child or siblings. It is also used in legal and family register contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
欠陥
けっかん
Something that should be present being missing; a flaw; a deficiency.
AI-generated translation
N2
傑作
けっさく
A work of art or creative production with extraordinarily outstanding achievement. Used in expressions like 「不朽の傑作」 or 「彼の傑作」, it is a formal word used in contexts of praising a work outstanding enough to be remembered by posterity.
AI-generated translation
N2
結晶
けっしょう
The original meaning refers to a substance whose molecules or atoms are arranged in a regular pattern, forming a definite shape. From this, the word came to be used metaphorically for something that takes shape through the accumulation of effort or affection. It is a formal word often used metaphorically, as in 「努力の結晶」 or 「汗の結晶」.
AI-generated translation
N2
決断
けつだん
To cut off hesitation and make up one's mind clearly.
AI-generated translation
N2
血統
けっとう
It refers to the blood connection passed down from parents to children, that is, the family line. Used in expressions like 「名門の血統」 or 「血統書」, it is used in contexts that emphasize the lineage of people or animals.
AI-generated translation
N2
欠落
けつらく
「欠」 means to lack, and 「落」 means to fall or drop out; together they mean to drop out and be missing. It is a word expressing that what should originally be present has fallen away. Used in expressions like 「責任感の欠落」 or 「データの欠落」, it is a formal word for a state in which a necessary element or ability has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N2
けなす
けなす
It is a verb that expresses speaking ill of someone or something. Used in expressions like 「人をけなす」 or 「作品をけなす」, in situations of valuing something low and criticizing it. It is the opposite meaning of 「ほめる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮病
けびょう
Pretending to be ill when one is not. Used as a pretext to skip school or work. The set pattern is to combine with the verb「使う」, as in「仮病を使う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
下劣
げれつ
A word describing a person's character or actions as base and lacking in dignity. A formal expression used to strongly criticize someone, as in「下劣な手段」「下劣な発言」.
AI-generated translation
N2
減価
げんか
A word meaning the decline in value of an asset over time. Frequently appears as an accounting term in「減価償却」, referring to the process of expensing the value of equipment or machinery year by year.
AI-generated translation
N2
見解
けんかい
A view or opinion on an issue. A formal word used for official positions or expert opinions, as in 政府の見解 (the government's view), 見解の相違 (a difference of opinion).
AI-generated translation
N2
謙虚
けんきょ
It refers to a manner of behaving modestly without boasting of one's ability or position. Used in expressions like 「謙虚な態度」 or 「謙虚に学ぶ」, it is used in contexts of positively evaluating character or attitude.
AI-generated translation
N2
兼業
けんぎょう
To carry out another job in addition to one's main occupation. The paired opposite word is 「専業」.
AI-generated translation
N2
権限
けんげん
「権」 means authority or right, and 「限」 means limit; together they refer to the range within which authority extends. It refers to the range of rights that someone in a particular position can officially exercise. Used in expressions like 「権限を与える」 or 「権限を逸脱する」, it is a formal word indicating who within an organization can decide what.
AI-generated translation
N2
健在
けんざい
A person living in good health; also, a thing or an ability being maintained without weakening. 「実力は健在だ」.
AI-generated translation
N2
堅実
けんじつ
「堅」 means firm, and 「実」 means substantial or reliable; together they mean firm and reliable. It is a word expressing being steady and reliable without flashiness. Used in expressions like 「堅実な経営」 or 「堅実な人柄」, in contexts of positively evaluating character or policy. It is often seen in investment and work evaluations.
AI-generated translation
N2
拳銃
けんじゅう
A small firearm that can be handled with one hand. A word frequently seen in news related to crime or public safety, as in「拳銃を所持する」「拳銃で撃つ」.
AI-generated translation
N2
懸賞
けんしょう
To award a prize or money, such as by lottery, to those who answer a question correctly or who apply.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.