At a company, etc., the person who leads a department.
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N4普通ふつう
A state of being not special, the same as usual.
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N5太いふとい
A state where the width of a round thing is large. The antonym is 「細い」 (thin).
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N4太るふとる
To gain weight. The antonym is 「痩せる」 (to lose weight).
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N4布団ふとん
futon. Something laid out or draped over oneself when sleeping.
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N4舟ふね
boat. A small vehicle that moves over water. The homophone「船」is also used for large ones, while「舟」is often used for small ones.
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N4不便ふべん
A state of being hard to use and inconvenient. The antonym is「便利（べんり）」(convenient).
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N4踏むふむ
To press down hard on top of something with one's foot. Example:「足を踏む」(to step on someone's foot).
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N5冬ふゆ
winter. The coldest season of the year.
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N4降り出すふりだす
For rain or snow to start falling.
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N5降るふる
For rain or snow to fall from the sky. Example: 「雨が降る」 (rain falls).
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N2, N3, N5古いふるい
A state of much time having passed since something was made. The antonym is 「新しい」 (new).
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N5風呂ふろ
A place for washing the body or soaking in warm water. Example: 「お風呂に入る」 (to take a bath).
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N5分ふん
minute. A unit of short time, one hour divided into 60. いっぷん・にふん・さんぷん・よんぷん・ごふん・ろっぷん・ななふん・はっぷん・きゅうふん・じゅっぷん, 「なんぷん」. With 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 it becomes 「ぷん」. When the same characters are read 「じゅうぶん」, they become a different word meaning that something is enough.
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N4文化ぶんか
The ways of thinking, art, etc., that have grown within the daily life of a country or region.
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N4文学ぶんがく
Art expressed through words, such as novels and poetry.
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N2, N4文章ぶんしょう
Something in which several sentences are connected to convey a single piece of content.
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N4文法ぶんぽう
grammar. Rules for using language correctly.
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N5下手へた
unskillful. Not being able to do something well. The antonym is 「上手」 (skillful). Read as 「したて」, it means a lower position or a humble attitude. Read as 「しもて」, it means the left side of a stage.
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N4別べつ
Being different from others. Example:「それは別の話だ」(that is a separate matter). In the form 「別に」 it becomes a different word: used together with a negative, as in 「別に用事はない」, it means "nothing in particular".
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N4別にべつに
not particularly. Used together with a negative to express "not especially". Used as in "別に用事はない" (I have nothing in particular to do) or "別にきらいじゃない" (I don't particularly dislike it), to softly deny what was asked. In conversation, "別に。" on its own can also mean "it's nothing". The same character read only as "べつ" is a different word meaning being different from others.
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N5部屋へや
room. A single space within a house, divided off by walls.
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N4変へん
strange. A state of being unusual and odd.
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N3, N5辺へん
The area, the vicinity of a place. Example: 「この辺」 (around here).
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N3, N5勉強べんきょう
study. To learn and remember something one doesn't know.
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N4返事へんじ
To respond to being called or asked something. It also refers to what one sends back as an answer after receiving a letter or an email. Examples: 「返事を書く」 (to write a reply), 「返事が来る」 (a reply arrives).
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N5弁当べんとう
A meal packed in a box, etc., to be eaten away from home. A polite form of 「弁当」.
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N5便利べんり
convenient. Easy to use, being helpful. The antonym is 「不便」 (inconvenient).
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N4方ほう
direction, side. A word that points to one of two things. Used when comparing two things, as in "こちらの方が大きい" (this one is bigger). It can also express direction, as in "駅の方へ歩く" (to walk toward the station). It is often written in kana as "ほう". The same "方" read as "かた" becomes a different word, a polite way of saying "人" (person).
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N4貿易ぼうえき
To buy and sell goods between countries.
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N5帽子ぼうし
hat. Something worn on the head.
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N4放送ほうそう
To send a program on TV or radio.
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N4法律ほうりつ
law. Rules decided by a country that must be followed.
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N5ほかほか
Something different from that. Example: 「ほかの人」 (a different person). The kanji 「他」 is also used, but usually written in hiragana.
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N4星ほし
star. A shining point seen in the night sky.
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N5細いほそい
A state where the width of a round thing is small. The antonym is 「太い」 (thick).
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N4ほとんどほとんど
Not all, but very close to it. Example: 「しゅくだいはほとんどおわった」 (the homework is almost finished). When used together with 「〜ない」, it expresses that the amount or the number of times is very small. Examples: 「お金がほとんどない」 (to have almost no money), 「ほとんど話さない」 (to hardly speak).
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N4褒めるほめる
To find something good in someone and say so.
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N5本ほん
book. Something with letters or pictures on it, made to be read. It is also used as a word for counting long, thin things such as pencils and bottles. いっぽん・にほん・さんぼん・よんほん・ごほん・ろっぽん・ななほん・はっぽん・きゅうほん・じゅっぽん, and 「なんぼん」. For 1, 6, 8 and 10 it becomes 「ぽん」, and for 3 and 「なん」 it becomes 「ぼん」.
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N5本棚ほんだな
A shelf for storing books.
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N5本当ほんとう
Being true, not a lie. Example: 「本当ですか」 (is that true?).
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N4翻訳ほんやく
To convert the language of one country into the language of another.
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N5枚まい
counter for flat things. A word for counting thin, flat things such as paper, shirts, and plates. いちまい・にまい・さんまい…じゅうまい, 「なんまい」. The sound does not change with the number.
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N5毎朝まいあさ
every morning. Every day's morning.
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N5毎週まいしゅう
every week. Every week.
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N5毎月まいつき
Every month. Also read 「まいげつ」.
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N5毎年まいとし
Every year. Also read 「まいねん」.
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N5毎日まいにち
every day. Every day.
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N5毎晩まいばん
Every night.
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N4参るまいる
A humble way of saying 「行く」 (to go) or 「来る」 (to come).
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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