procedure. The clerical process needed to formally carry out something. Example: 「入学の手続き」 (enrollment procedures).
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N3鉄道てつどう
railway. A means of transportation in which trains run on rails.
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N3徹夜てつや
To stay awake all night without sleeping. Example: 「徹夜で勉強する」 (to study all night).
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N5ではでは
A word said when continuing or starting a talk. A shortened way of saying 「それでは」.
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N5でもでも
A word used when saying something different from the previous sentence. Often used in spoken language.
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N3照らすてらす
To shine light on something to make it bright. Example: 「月が道を照らす」 (the moon lights up the path). 「照らす」 is used when light is cast on something to make it bright, while 「照る」 is used when the sun or moon itself gives off light: compare 「月が道を照らす」 with 「日が照る」.
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N3〜N5出るでる
To move from inside to outside. Example: 「家を出る」 (to leave the house). The antonym is 「入る」 (to enter).
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N5天気てんき
weather. The condition of the sky, whether it is hot or cold, etc.
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N5電気でんき
electricity. The power used to move things or light up a room. Also used to mean a light itself, as in 「電気をつける」 (to turn on the light).
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N3電子でんし
One of the extremely small particles that make up matter. It is used alone in this meaning only in science contexts; in everyday use it is combined with other words to refer to things that use electrical or digital technology, as in 「電子レンジ」 (microwave oven), 「電子辞書」 (electronic dictionary), 「電子マネー」 (electronic money), 「電子書籍」 (e-book), 「電子メール」 (email).
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N5電車でんしゃ
train. A vehicle that runs on rails, powered by electricity.
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N2, N3点数てんすう
score. A number representing results on an exam or in a competition. Example: 「点数が上がる」 (the score goes up).
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N3電池でんち
battery. A device that stores electricity to power equipment. Example: 「電池が切れる」 (the battery runs out).
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N3伝統でんとう
tradition. Culture or a way of doing things that has been passed down since long ago. Example: 「伝統行事」 (a traditional event/festival).
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N3電波でんぱ
A wave that travels through space, used for communication in TVs, smartphones, etc. Example: 「電波が悪い」 (poor signal).
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N5電話でんわ
telephone. A tool for talking with someone far away.
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N5戸と
door. The entrance to a house or room that can be opened and closed. Often made of wood or glass. In everyday Japanese, 「ドア」 is used more commonly than 「戸」
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N5どうどう
how. A word for asking about a state or method. Example: 「どうですか」 (how is it?).
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N2, N3動作どうさ
Movement of the body. Example: 「動作が速い」 (quick movements). Also used for the movement of machines, as in 「正常に動作する」 (to operate normally).
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N3当時とうじ
Back then. Refers to a certain period in the past. Example: 「当時は学生だった」 (was a student at that time).
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N3同時どうじ
The same time. Example: 「二人が同時に話し始めた」 (both started talking at the same time). Often used in the form 「〜と同時に」.
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N5どうしてどうして
why. A word for asking the reason.
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N3どうしてもどうしても
No matter what method one uses, by all means. Example: 「どうしても行きたい」 (I really want to go no matter what). When used with a negative, it means "no matter how hard one tries, cannot," as in 「どうしても思い出せない」 (just cannot remember no matter what).
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N3どうせどうせ
Expresses a feeling of resignation or giving up, based on the idea that the result will not change. 「どうせ間に合わない」. In the forms 「どうせ〜なら」「どうせ〜だから」, it expresses accepting an unchangeable premise and then choosing to act in a certain way on that basis. 「どうせやるなら早いほうがいい」「どうせ買うなら良い物にしたい」.
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N3当然とうぜん
Something that should naturally be the case, no matter who thinks about it. Example: 「当然の結果」 (a natural/expected result).
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N5どうぞどうぞ
Please (go ahead). A word said when offering or urging someone to do something. 「どうぞ、お入りください」(please, come in).
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N3到着とうちゃく
arrival. To reach one's destination. Example: 「到着時間」 (arrival time). The antonym is 「出発」 (departure).
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N5動物どうぶつ
animal. A living creature that can move.
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N3, N5どうもどうも
A spoken way of saying 「ありがとう」 (thank you). Also used as in 「どうもすみません」 (I'm so sorry).
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N3, N5遠いとおい
far. A state where the distance is great. The antonym is 「近い」 (near).
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N5十日とおか
the 10th day; ten days. The tenth day of the month. It can also mean a period of ten days. It is the form made by adding 「か」 to 「とお」, and it is not read 「じゅうにち」.
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N3都会とかい
A lively town where many people gather. Example: 「都会の生活」 (city life). The antonym is 「田舎」 (countryside).
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N2, N3毒どく
poison. Something that is harmful if it enters the body. Example: 「毒キノコ」 (a poisonous mushroom). Also used as a metaphor for something harmful, as in 「体に毒だ」 (bad for the body).
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N3独身どくしん
Not being married. Example: 「独身生活」 (single life).
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N3特徴とくちょう
A point that stands out and differs from others. Example: 「この町の特徴」 (a characteristic of this town).
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N2, N3独立どくりつ
independence. To manage on one's own without relying on others. Example: 「親から独立する」 (to become independent from one's parents). Also used to mean a country becoming a nation independent of control by another.
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N5時計とけい
clock. A tool for telling time.
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N5どこどこ
where. A word for asking about a place.
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N3, N5所ところ
place. A location. Often written in hiragana as 「ところ」.
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N3登山とざん
To climb a mountain. Example: 「登山靴」 (hiking boots). The paired expression is 「下山」 (descending a mountain).
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N3都市とし
city. A town where many people live and which serves as a center of politics or economy. Example: 「大都市」 (a major city).
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N5年とし
year. A unit for the length of time. It is also used to mean a person's age. When counting years: いちねん・にねん・さんねん・よねん・ごねん…じゅうねん, and 「なんねん」. 4 is read 「よねん」.
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N5図書館としょかん
library. A place where one can read or borrow books.
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N3年寄りとしより
A person who has grown old. Often used politely in the form 「お年寄り」.
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N2, N3土地とち
land. The ground. Also used to mean a certain area or region, as in 「知らない土地」 (an unfamiliar place).
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N5どちらどちら
A polite way of saying 「どこ」 (where) or 「どっち」 (which). Asks about a direction or which of two things.
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N3突然とつぜん
suddenly. Without any warning, all at once. Example: 「突然雨が降り出した」 (it suddenly started raining).
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N5どっちどっち
A casual way of saying 「どちら」.
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N3, N5とてもとても
very. A state where the degree of something is great.
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N3届くとどく
For something sent to arrive. Example: 「荷物が届く」 (a package arrives). Also used to mean a hand or voice reaching that far, as in 「手が届く」 (within reach), 「声が届く」 (a voice carries). 「届ける」 is used when a person takes something to the other party, while 「届く」 is used when the thing arrives there: compare 「荷物を届ける」 with 「荷物が届く」.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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