stimulus. Something that strongly acts on the senses or mind. Example: 「強い光の刺激」 (the stimulus of strong light), 「刺激的な映画」 (a stimulating movie). Also used to mean something that motivates someone, as in 「刺激を受ける」 (to be stimulated/inspired).
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N3事件じけん
incident. An unusual event such as an accident or crime. Example: 「殺人事件」 (a murder case), 「事件が起こる」 (an incident occurs).
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N3時刻じこく
A single point within the flow of time. Example: 「出発時刻」 (departure time), 「時刻表」 (a timetable). While 「時間」 can also refer to a length of time, 「時刻」 refers only to a single point in time.
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N5仕事しごと
job. Something done in order to earn money; a duty to be carried out.
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N3事実じじつ
fact. Something that actually happened. Example: 「事実を確かめる」 (to confirm the facts), 「事実と違う」 (different from the facts). 「事実上」 (in effect/practically) is also commonly used.
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N5辞書じしょ
dictionary. A book for looking up the meaning or reading of words.
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N3事情じじょう
circumstances. The detailed reasons or state behind why something is the way it is. Example: 「家庭の事情」 (family circumstances), 「事情があって遅れた」 (was late due to circumstances).
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N3詩人しじん
poet. A person whose job is writing poetry.
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N3自身じしん
The person themselves. Attached after a word referring to a person, as in 「私自身」 (myself), 「自分自身」 (oneself), to add emphasis. Distinguished from the homophones 「自信」 (self-confidence) and 「地震」 (earthquake).
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N5静かしずか
A state of being quiet, with no sound, calm. Example: 「静かなへや」 (a quiet room). The antonym is 「うるさい」 (noisy).
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N3沈むしずむ
sink. To go down into water or to a lower place. Example: 「船が沈む」 (a ship sinks), 「日が沈む」 (the sun sets). Also used to mean feeling down/depressed, as in 「気分が沈む」 (to feel down). The antonyms are 「浮かぶ」 (to float) and 「昇る」 (to rise).
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N3施設しせつ
The combined structures and equipment built for a specific purpose. Used in forms like 「福祉施設」「公共施設」.
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N5下した
A state of being in a lower place. Example: 「テーブルの下」 (under the table). The antonym is 「上」 (above).
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N2, N3従うしたがう
obey. To act according to what someone says or a rule. Example: 「指示に従う」 (to follow instructions), 「規則に従う」 (to obey the rules). Also used to mean going along something, as in 「川に従って歩く」 (to walk along a river).
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N3支度したく
Preparation for doing something. Example: 「しょくじの支度」 (preparing a meal).
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N5七月しちがつ
The 7th month of the year. It is read 「しちがつ」, not 「なながつ」.
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N5質問しつもん
question. To ask someone about something one doesn't understand.
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N5自転車じてんしゃ
bicycle. A two-wheeled vehicle that moves by pedaling with the feet.
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N5自動車じどうしゃ
Automobile; car. A vehicle that runs on an engine and carries people or goods. Almost the same meaning as 「車」, but a more formal way of saying it.
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N5死ぬしぬ
die. For life to end.
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N3支払うしはらう
pay. To hand over money as payment for goods or services. Example: 「料金を支払う」 (to pay a fee). A more formal way of saying 「払う」, used in business and documents. The noun form is 「支払い」.
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N5自分じぶん
A word referring to the speaker themselves. Also used to mean "by oneself," as in 「自分で作る」 (to make it oneself).
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N3死亡しぼう
For a person to die. Example: 「事故で死亡する」 (to die in an accident), 「死亡者」 (a deceased person). A formal way of saying 「死ぬ」, used in news and documents.
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N3姉妹しまい
sisters. Older and younger sisters. Example: 「三人姉妹」 (three sisters). Also used to mean two things bound by a deep relationship, as in 「姉妹都市」 (sister city), 「姉妹校」 (sister school). For brothers, 「兄弟」 is used.
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N5閉まるしまる
For a door, shop, etc., to become closed. Example: 「店が閉まる」 (a shop closes). When closing it oneself, 「閉める」 is used. The antonym is 「開く」 (to open).
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N3示すしめす
indicate. To show or point at something so the other person understands. Example: 「地図で道を示す」 (to show the way on a map), 「例を示す」 (to give an example), 「関心を示す」 (to show interest).
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N3占めるしめる
occupy. To hold a certain place or proportion for oneself. Example: 「過半数を占める」 (to hold a majority), 「大きな部分を占める」 (to occupy a large portion).
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N5閉めるしめる
To close a door or window, etc. Example: 「まどを閉める」 (to close a window). When it closes on its own, 「閉まる」 is used. The antonym is 「開ける」 (to open).
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N5締めるしめる
To tightly tie or fasten a string, belt, etc. Example: 「ネクタイを締める」 (to tie a necktie). Same reading as 「閉める」, but a different word.
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N3霜しも
frost. Fine ice that forms on the ground or the surface of things during a cold night. Example: 「霜が降りる」 (frost forms).
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N5じゃじゃ
Well then (casual). A word said when starting to talk or when parting. A casual way of saying 「では」.
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N5写真しゃしん
photo. A picture taken with a camera.
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N3借金しゃっきん
debt. To borrow money. Money that has been borrowed. Example: 「借金を返す」 (to pay back a debt), 「借金がある」 (to have debt).
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N3邪魔じゃま
A presence or act that hinders things from proceeding smoothly. Used in forms like 「邪魔をする」「邪魔にならない」. When visiting someone's home, the form 「お邪魔する」 is used, as in 「お邪魔します」「明日お邪魔してもいいですか」. This is a greeting that humbly expresses a visit, phrased as receiving the other person's time and space; it does not actually mean causing trouble.
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N5十じゅう
ten. The number 10. It is read 「とお」 when counting things, as in 「十(とお)」, and in dates, as in 「十日(とおか)」. 「二十日」 is read 「はつか」.
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N5十一月じゅういちがつ
The 11th month of the year.
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N2, N3収穫しゅうかく
harvest. To gather in crops that have been grown. Example: 「米の収穫」 (a rice harvest). Also used to mean a good result gained from an activity, as in 「今日の会議は収穫が多かった」 (today's meeting was very productive).
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N5十月じゅうがつ
The 10th month of the year.
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N3宗教しゅうきょう
religion. The spiritual practice of believing in gods or buddhas and following their teachings. Example: 「宗教を信じる」 (to believe in a religion), 「宗教団体」 (a religious organization).
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N3就職しゅうしょく
To enter a company, etc., and start working. Example: 「銀行に就職する」 (to get a job at a bank), 「就職活動」 (job hunting). The antonym is 「退職」 (retiring/resigning).
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N3修正しゅうせい
correction. To fix a bad point or mistake. Example: 「文章を修正する」 (to revise a piece of writing), 「軌道修正」 (course correction).
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N3渋滞じゅうたい
For cars, etc., to get backed up so the flow stops moving smoothly.
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N5十二月じゅうにがつ
The 12th month of the year, and the last month.
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N3重力じゅうりょく
The force by which the earth pulls objects toward its center. A term learned in science class.
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N5授業じゅぎょう
The time at school when a teacher teaches and students study.
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N5宿題しゅくだい
homework. Study assigned by school to be done at home.
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N3主題しゅだい
The central idea of a story or work. A theme. The homophone-starting word 「首都」 (capital city) is a different word.
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N3出血しゅっけつ
(1) For blood to come out. Example: 「出血を止める」 (to stop the bleeding). (2) To lower a price at the cost of taking a loss. Example: 「出血大サービス」 (a big loss-leader sale).
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N3首都しゅと
The town that is the center of a country. The town where a country's government is located. The similarly-starting word 「主題」 (theme) is a different word.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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