attempt. To try doing something. Example: 「新しい試み」 (a new attempt/initiative). The verb form is 「試みる」.
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N3腰こし
waist. The bendable part of the body below the back. Example: 「腰が痛い」 (one's lower back hurts). There are also the expressions 「腰が低い」 (having a humble/polite manner) and 「腰を下ろす」 (to sit down).
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N4故障こしょう
For a machine or tool to break and stop working. Example: 「くるまが故障する」 (a car breaks down).
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N3個人こじん
individual. Each single person, as opposed to a group. Example: 「個人の意見」 (an individual's opinion), 「個人的な問題」 (a personal matter), 「個人情報」 (personal information).
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N3越すこす
To pass a place or time and go to the other side. Example: 「年を越す」 (to see out the year/into the new year), 「冬を越す」 (to get through the winter), 「引っ越す」 (to move house). In the form 「お越しください」, it also serves as an honorific way of saying 「来る」 (to come).
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N5午前ごぜん
The time from morning until noon. The antonym is 「午後」 (afternoon).
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N5答えるこたえる
answer. To respond to a question or problem with words or a sentence. Example: 「質問に答える」 (to answer a question).
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N5こちらこちら
A polite way of saying 「ここ」. Also used to refer to a person, as in 「こちらは田中さんです」.
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N3国家こっか
nation. A country. A unified entity that has territory, people, and a government. Example: 「国家試験」 (a national examination). More formal than 「国」, used when discussing politics and law.
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N3国会こっかい
The most important assembly, which decides a nation's laws and budget. Example: 「国会議員」 (a member of parliament), 「国会で審議する」 (to deliberate in the National Diet).
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N5こっちこっち
A casual way of saying 「こちら」. Used in spoken language.
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N3固定こてい
To firmly fix something in one place or state so it does not move. Example: 「固定給」 (a fixed salary).
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N5事こと
A word referring to a matter, or the content of a talk. Example: 「話す事」 (something to talk about), 「大事な事」 (an important matter). Very often written in hiragana as 「こと」.
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N5今年ことし
This year. Read as 「ことし」, not read according to the characters as written.
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N5言葉ことば
Something people use to convey feelings or thoughts through speaking or writing. Also used to mean a specific language, as in 「国のことば」 (the language of a country), such as Japanese or English.
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N3, N5子供こども
child. A young person. The opposite of an adult. Also used to mean one's own son or daughter. Often written as 「子ども」.
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N4小鳥ことり
small bird. A small bird, such as a sparrow.
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N5このこの
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Used before a noun, as in 「この本」 (this book).
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N4この間このあいだ
A certain time a little while ago. Example: 「この間、えきで先生に会った」 (I met the teacher at the station the other day).
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N4この頃このごろ
A recent period, close to now. Example: 「この頃、さむくなった」 (it has gotten cold lately).
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N3好むこのむ
To like something and choose it oneself. A slightly more formal way of saying 「好き」 (to like).
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N5御飯ごはん
Cooked rice. Also used to mean a meal, as in 「朝御飯」 (breakfast), 「御飯を食べる」 (to eat a meal). Usually written 「ご飯」 or 「ごはん」.
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N3こぼすこぼす
It refers to inadvertently letting liquid or powder out. It also means to let out one's dissatisfaction or complaints. Used in expressions like 「水をこぼす」 or 「愚痴をこぼす」, it expresses the act of unintentionally letting something out.
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N4細かいこまかい
A state where the size or amount of something is small. Also used to mean small denominations of money, as in 「細かいおかね」 (small change).
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N3ごまかすごまかす
It refers to concealing by means of lies or makeshift measures, hiding the truth. Used in expressions like 「年齢をごまかす」 or 「答えをごまかす」, it is a verb that critically expresses the act of deceiving others.
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N5困るこまる
To not know what to do because of something unpleasant or difficult. Example: 「お金がなくて困る」 (troubled by not having money).
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N4ごみごみ
trash. Something no longer needed that is thrown away.
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N4込むこむ
For there to be many people or vehicles, becoming crowded. Example: 「でんしゃが込む」 (the train gets crowded).
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N4米こめ
rice. White grains grown in a paddy field, used as food. Usually cooked by boiling.
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N5これこれ
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Example: 「これは何ですか」 (what is this?).
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N4壊すこわす
To hit or drop something so it can no longer be used. Example: 「おもちゃを壊す」 (to break a toy). When it breaks on its own, 「壊れる」 is used.
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N4壊れるこわれる
For something to break and become unusable. Example: 「パソコンが壊れる」 (a computer breaks).
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N5今月こんげつ
This month.
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N5今週こんしゅう
This week.
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N5こんなこんな
Like this. Example: 「こんな大きい犬は初めて見た」 (I've never seen such a big dog). Often used in spoken language.
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N5今晩こんばん
This evening; tonight. Tonight's evening. 「こんや（今夜）」also means the same.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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