A piece of furniture with drawers used for storing clothing, etc. Written with the kanji 「箪笥」, but since this kanji is not used in daily life, it is written in hiragana.
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N4男性だんせい
man. A polite way of referring to a male person.
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N3団体だんたい
A gathering of people who share the same purpose. Example: 「団体で申し込む」 (to apply as a group). The paired expression is 「個人」 (individual).
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N5だんだんだんだん
A state of gradually, slowly changing. Example: 「だんだん寒くなる」 (it gradually gets colder).
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N3担当たんとう
To take charge of a job or role. Also, the person who does so. Example: 「営業を担当する」 (to be in charge of sales), 「担当者」 (the person in charge).
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N4暖房だんぼう
To warm a room, or the machine that does so. The antonym is 「冷房」 (cooling).
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N2, N4血ち
blood. The red liquid that flows through the body.
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N3地域ちいき
region. A defined area of land. Example: 「地域の行事」 (a regional event).
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N3, N5小さいちいさい
small. A state where the shape, number, sound, etc., of something is below normal. The antonym is 「大きい」 (big).
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N5小さなちいさな
Having the same meaning as 「小さい」, but only used in the form before a noun. Used the same way as 「大きな」.
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N3知恵ちえ
The ability to think well and make judgments about things, or the ability to come up with ideas. Used in expressions such as 「知恵を絞る」「生活の知恵」. Refers not to mere knowledge but to thinking ability that can actually be applied.
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N3地下ちか
underground. Below the ground. Example: 「地下鉄」 (subway), 「地下1階」 (basement level 1). The antonym is 「地上」 (above ground).
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N3〜N5近いちかい
near. A state where the distance is small. Also used for a short amount of time. The antonym is 「遠い」 (far).
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N5違うちがう
Not being the same. Example: 「答えが違う」 (the answer is wrong). Also used to mean "that is not so."
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N2, N3, N5近くちかく
A nearby place. Example: 「駅の近く」 (near the station).
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N2, N3近づくちかづく
For a distance or time to become closer. Example: 「台風が近づく」 (a typhoon approaches), 「試験が近づく」 (the exam draws near). Also used to mean becoming closer/friendlier with someone. 「近づく」 is used when something comes closer on its own, while 「近づける」 is used when a person moves something closer: compare 「台風が近づく」 with 「いすを壁に近づける」.
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N5地下鉄ちかてつ
subway. A train that runs underground.
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N3近寄るちかよる
Approaching something. Also, trying to interact closely with a person. Used in expressions such as 「危険だから近寄るな」「なかなか近寄りがたい人」.
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N3地球ちきゅう
earth. The planet we live on.
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N3遅刻ちこく
To be late for a set time. Example: 「学校に遅刻する」 (to be late for school).
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N3知識ちしき
knowledge. Content one knows from learning or experience. Example: 「知識が豊富だ」 (to have abundant knowledge), 「専門知識」 (specialized knowledge).
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N3知人ちじん
acquaintance. Someone one knows. Also used for a person not as close as a 「友人」 (friend).
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N5地図ちず
map. A drawing representing the shape of land, roads, etc.
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N3縮むちぢむ
The length or size of something becoming smaller. Also, the body becoming compact from cold or surprise. Used in expressions such as 「セーターが縮む」「寒さで体が縮む」.
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N3縮めるちぢめる
Making the length, distance, or time of something shorter. Used in expressions such as 「時間を縮める」「距離を縮める」 in contexts of one's own action shortening something.
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N3ちっともちっとも
Not even a little (with a negative). Always followed by a negative form. Example: 「ちっとも知らなかった」 (didn't know at all).
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N3地方ちほう
A certain region within a country. Example: 「東北地方」 (the Tohoku region). Also used to mean an area away from a big city, as in 「地方に住む」 (to live in the countryside). The paired term is 「都会」 (city).
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N5茶色ちゃいろ
brown. A color like that of tea.
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N5茶碗ちゃわん
A small bowl for holding rice.
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N3ちゃんとちゃんと
properly. Neatly, correctly. 「ちゃんと片づける」「ちゃんと説明する」. When the form 「ちゃんとした」 modifies a following noun, it means being proper rather than careless, and trustworthy. 「ちゃんとした会社」「ちゃんとした服装」. Commonly used in spoken language.
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N2, N4注意ちゅうい
To be careful. To tell someone not to do something bad.
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N2, N3中央ちゅうおう
center. The middle. Example: 「町の中央」 (the center of a town). Also used to mean the center of government, etc., as in 「中央政府」 (central government).
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N4中学校ちゅうがっこう
junior high school. The school one attends after elementary school.
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N3中古ちゅうこ
secondhand. An item that has been used before. Example: 「中古車」 (a used car). The antonym is 「新品」 (brand new).
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N4注射ちゅうしゃ
To put medicine into the body with a needle.
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N4駐車場ちゅうしゃじょう
parking lot. A place where cars are left.
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N3中心ちゅうしん
The middle. Example: 「円の中心」 (the center of a circle). While 「中央」 refers to the physical middle of a place, 「中心」 is also broadly used for the most important part or person in something, as in 「チームの中心」 (the core of a team).
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N3調査ちょうさ
To investigate something in order to clarify the actual state of affairs. Example: 「アンケート調査」 (a questionnaire survey).
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N2, N3調子ちょうし
The condition or state of one's body or a machine, etc. Example: 「体の調子がいい」 (feeling well physically). There is also the expression 「調子に乗る」 (to get carried away when things go well).
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N3頂上ちょうじょう
summit. The very top of a mountain. Example: 「富士山の頂上」 (the summit of Mt. Fuji).
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N5ちょうどちょうど
exactly. A state of fitting precisely. Example: 「ちょうど三時」 (exactly three o'clock).
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N3貯金ちょきん
savings. To save up money. Also, the money saved. Example: 「毎月1万円貯金する」 (to save 10,000 yen every month). The word 「預金」 is also used for depositing money in a bank.
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N3直接ちょくせつ
directly. Without anything in between, firsthand. Example: 「本人に直接話す」 (to talk directly to the person). The antonym is 「間接」 (indirectly).
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N2, N5ちょっとちょっと
A little; a bit. Means "a little." Often used in spoken language, as in 「ちょっとまって」.
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N4地理ちり
geography. The features of the land, such as mountains, rivers, and the locations of countries and towns.
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N3治療ちりょう
treatment. To take care of an illness or injury in order to cure it. Example: 「歯の治療」 (dental treatment).
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N3追加ついか
To add something later. Example: 「注文を追加する」 (to add to an order).
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N5一日ついたち
The first day of the month. Example: "一月一日" (January 1st). Read as "いちにち," it means one full day, from morning to night.
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N3遂についに
finally. At last, after a long time or various developments. 「遂に完成した」. When used with a negative form, it means that although one waited or searched, it never came about in the end. 「待っていたが遂に来なかった」「遂に見つからなかった」. Often written in hiragana as 「ついに」.
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N3通学つうがく
To commute to school. Example: 「電車で通学する」 (to commute to school by train).
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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