gender. The distinction between male and female. Example: 「性別を問わない」 (regardless of gender).
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N2, N3生命せいめい
Life. Often used in written language or set expressions such as 「生命保険」 (life insurance); in spoken language, 「命」 is normal.
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N4西洋せいよう
Countries of Europe and America. The antonym is 「東洋」 (the East/Asia).
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N2, N3整理せいり
To neatly tidy up things that are scattered around. Example: 「机の上を整理する」 (to tidy up a desk). Also used to mean organizing thoughts or information in an understandable way, as in 「問題点を整理する」 (to organize the problem points).
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N3背負うせおう
The act of carrying something on one's back. The act of taking on responsibility, burden, or fate. Used in forms like 「荷物を背負う」「責任を背負う」, in both physical and metaphorical senses.
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N4世界せかい
world. The whole earth, all countries and people.
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N3せきせき
To forcefully expel breath from the throat. Example: 「せきが出る」 (to cough). Written with the kanji 「咳」, but since this kanji is not used in daily life, it is usually written in hiragana.
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N4席せき
seat. A place to sit. In the form 「〜席」 it is also used as a word for counting seats.
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N3責任せきにん
responsibility. A duty one has taken on and must carry through. Example: 「責任がある」 (to bear responsibility). Also used to mean accepting the consequences of a failure, as in 「責任を取る」 (to take responsibility).
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N3石油せきゆ
petroleum. Oil extracted from underground. It becomes a raw material for fuel and plastics.
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N3積極的せっきょくてき
A state of doing things on one's own initiative. Example: 「積極的に発言する」 (to speak up proactively). The antonym is 「消極的」 (passive).
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N5せっけんせっけん
soap. Something used to wash the body or hands. Written with the kanji 「石鹸」, but usually written in hiragana in daily life.
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N3絶対ぜったい
absolutely. No matter what, without fail. Example: 「絶対に行く」 (I will definitely go). When used with a negative form, it means "never," as in 「絶対にしない」 (I will never do it).
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N4説明せつめい
To explain something in detail so it can be understood.
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N3節約せつやく
To reduce waste and use money or things carefully. Example: 「電気代を節約する」 (to save on electricity bills). The paired expression is 「むだづかい」 (wasteful spending).
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N4背中せなか
back. The back side of the body, from the waist to the shoulders.
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N4背広せびろ
A set of jacket and trousers worn by men for work.
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N5狭いせまい
A state where a place is small. The antonym is 「広い」 (spacious).
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N4線せん
line. A long, thin, continuous mark.
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N3全員ぜんいん
everyone. All the people present at that place or gathering. Example: 「全員が賛成した」 (everyone agreed).
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N3選挙せんきょ
election. To choose a representative by voting. Example: 「選挙に行く」 (to go vote in an election).
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N5先月せんげつ
The month before this month.
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N3洗剤せんざい
detergent. A chemical used for washing laundry or dishes to remove dirt.
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N3選手せんしゅ
A person chosen to compete in a competition. Often broadly used to refer to someone who plays sports in general. Example: 「野球選手」 (a baseball player).
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N5先週せんしゅう
The week before this week.
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N3全身ぜんしん
The whole body. Example: 「全身がぬれる」 (to get soaked all over). Note the distinction from the homophone 「前進」 (moving forward).
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N5先生せんせい
teacher. A person who teaches at a school, etc.
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N4全然ぜんぜん
Followed by a negative, an intensifying word meaning "not at all." Example: 「全然わからない」 (I don't understand at all).
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N3先祖せんぞ
ancestor. People from generations before oneself in a family line. Example: 「先祖の墓」 (an ancestor's grave). The antonym is 「子孫」 (descendants).
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N4戦争せんそう
war. Countries fighting each other using weapons.
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N3選択せんたく
choice. To choose among several options. Example: 「選択肢」 (a choice/option). Note the distinction from the homophone 「洗濯」 (doing laundry).
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N5洗濯せんたく
To wash clothes, etc., with water. 「洗濯機」 (washing machine) is also commonly used.
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N3宣伝せんでん
To let many people know about a product or idea, spreading it widely. Example: 「新商品を宣伝する」 (to advertise a new product).
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N4先輩せんぱい
A person who entered a school or company before oneself. The antonym is 「後輩」 (junior).
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N5全部ぜんぶ
All. Everything; the state of nothing being left over.
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N2, N4専門せんもん
To study or research one thing deeply. Example: 「専門は経済です」 (my specialty is economics).
AI-generated translation
N3象ぞう
elephant. The largest land animal, with a long trunk and large ears.
AI-generated translation
N3騒音そうおん
noise. Sound that feels bothersome. Used for sounds that disturb daily life, such as construction or traffic noise.
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N3増加ぞうか
increase. For a number or amount to grow. Example: 「人口の増加」 (population increase). The antonym is 「減少」 (decrease).
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N5掃除そうじ
cleaning. To remove dirt and make something clean.
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N5そうしてそうして
Nearly the same meaning as 「そして」, a word connecting the events that follow.
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N3想像そうぞう
imagination. To picture in one's mind something not actually seen. Example: 「想像がつく」 (able to imagine). Note the distinction from the homophone 「創造」 (to create something new).
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N3早退そうたい
To leave school or work earlier than the scheduled time. Example: 「体調が悪くて早退する」 (to leave early due to feeling unwell).
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N4相談そうだん
To discuss a troubling matter or something one wants to decide, with another person.
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N3速度そくど
speed. The speed at which one moves. Example: 「速度を上げる」 (to increase speed).
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N2, N3底そこ
bottom. The lowest part of a container, the sea, or a river. Example: 「くつの底」 (the sole of a shoe). Also used to mean the deepest part, as in 「心の底」 (the depths of one's heart).
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N5そこそこ
A word referring to a place closer to the listener than to the speaker.
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N4育てるそだてる
To raise a child, animal, or plant, etc., to grow.
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N5そちらそちら
There (polite). A polite way of saying 「そこ」. It points to the side where the listener is.
AI-generated translation
N4卒業そつぎょう
To finish all of one's studies at a school. The antonym is 「入学」 (enrollment).
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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