An astringent taste, like that of unripe fruit, that puckers the tongue. Also, having an understated, subdued charm with refined depth rather than flashiness. Furthermore, it can describe a sour, displeased facial expression or a stingy attitude toward money. Used as in 「渋いお茶」「渋い色」「渋い俳優」「渋い顔をする」.
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N2至福しふく
The highest possible sense of happiness; supreme bliss. Used in forms like 「至福のひととき」「至福の時」.
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N5自分じぶん
A word referring to the speaker themselves. Also used to mean "by oneself," as in 「自分で作る」 (to make it oneself).
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N2絞るしぼる
The act of applying force to press out liquid or contents. It also means to narrow down a target, scope, or output. Used in forms like 「タオルを絞る」「議題を絞る」「声を絞る」.
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N2資本しほん
The funds needed as the source for conducting business or production activities. Used in forms like 「資本を投じる」「資本金」.
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N2始末しまつ
(1) The cleanup or handling of a matter afterward. 「後始末」. (2) An unfavorable outcome or result. 「泣き出す始末だ」.
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N5閉まるしまる
For a door, shop, etc., to become closed. Example: 「店が閉まる」 (a shop closes). When closing it oneself, 「閉める」 is used. The antonym is 「開く」 (to open).
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N2使命しめい
An important duty that one is expected to fulfill. 「使命感」.
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N5閉めるしめる
To close a door or window, etc. Example: 「まどを閉める」 (to close a window). When it closes on its own, 「閉まる」 is used. The antonym is 「開ける」 (to open).
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N5締めるしめる
To tightly tie or fasten a string, belt, etc. Example: 「ネクタイを締める」 (to tie a necktie). Same reading as 「閉める」, but a different word.
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N5じゃじゃ
Well then (casual). A word said when starting to talk or when parting. A casual way of saying 「では」.
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N2社交しゃこう
The act of people gathering and interacting with one another. It also refers to the etiquette and skills needed for it. Used in forms like 「社交の場」「社交的な性格」.
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N5写真しゃしん
photo. A picture taken with a camera.
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N2州しゅう
A large division of a country, as in the United States or Australia; a state. カリフォルニア州 (the state of California). Also used for continents, as in 欧州 (Europe) and アジア州 (Asia).
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N5十じゅう
ten. The number 10. It is read 「とお」 when counting things, as in 「十（とお）」, and in dates, as in 「十日（とおか）」. 「二十日」 is read 「はつか」.
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N5十一月じゅういちがつ
The 11th month of the year.
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N2, N3収穫しゅうかく
harvest. To gather in crops that have been grown. Example: 「米の収穫」 (a rice harvest). Also used to mean a good result gained from an activity, as in 「今日の会議は収穫が多かった」 (today's meeting was very productive).
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N5十月じゅうがつ
The 10th month of the year.
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N2従属じゅうぞく
To follow a more powerful party and come under its control. The paired opposite word is 「独立」.
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N2執着しゅうちゃく
The state of being strongly fixated on one thing in the mind and unable to let go. Used in forms like 「地位に執着する」「過去への執着」. While 「執」 in 「執行」 is read 「しっ」, here it is read 「しゅう」.
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N5十二月じゅうにがつ
The 12th month of the year, and the last month.
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N2終盤しゅうばん
The stage at which something is approaching its end. Used for things with a progression such as matches, plays, or election campaigns. Used in forms like 「終盤戦」「終盤を迎える」.
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N2収容しゅうよう
(1) To bring people or things into a certain place. 「病院に収容する」. (2) A building or the like being able to hold a certain number of people. 「五万人を収容する」.
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N2主観しゅかん
A way of viewing things from one's own standpoint or feelings. Used in contrast to objectivity, in forms like 「主観が入る」「主観的な判断」.
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N2修行しゅぎょう
The act of undergoing rigorous training to refine one's skills, learning, or spirit. Especially used in martial arts, traditional arts, and Buddhism. Used in forms like 「修行を積む」「料理の修行」.
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N5授業じゅぎょう
The time at school when a teacher teaches and students study.
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N2祝賀しゅくが
To celebrate a happy event together with others. 「祝賀会」.
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N2祝祭日しゅくさいじつ
A collective term for national holidays and festival days established by the state; a public holiday.
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N2淑女しゅくじょ
A refined and well-mannered woman. Often used in the form 「紳士淑女」. Used in formal contexts.
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N2縮小しゅくしょう
To reduce the scale or size of something and make it smaller. The paired opposite word is 「拡大」.
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N5宿題しゅくだい
homework. Study assigned by school to be done at home.
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N2熟練じゅくれん
The state of being highly accustomed to a task or skill through long-accumulated experience. Used in forms like 「熟練の技」「熟練した職人」.
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N2手芸しゅげい
A handicraft made using the hands, such as knitting or embroidery, done as a hobby.
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N2主権しゅけん
The supreme power to govern a country without being controlled by another country. 「国民主権」.
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N2主宰しゅさい
To be at the center of a group of people and lead and run a meeting or organization; also, the person who does this. 「劇団を主宰する」.
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N2趣旨しゅし
The central meaning or purpose that a speech, text, or event seeks to convey. Used in forms like 「趣旨を説明する」「会の趣旨」.
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N2種族しゅぞく
A group of living things or people who share the same origin and characteristics.
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N2主体しゅたい
(1) The central party responsible for an action or decision. 「住民が主体となる」. (2) The central part of an organization or matter.
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N2出現しゅつげん
Something that did not exist until now appearing.
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N2出世しゅっせ
To rise to a high social position and become successful.
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N2出費しゅっぴ
To pay money for something; also, the expense itself. 「出費がかさむ」.
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N2寿命じゅみょう
(1) The length of time a life lasts. 「寿命がのびる」. (2) The period during which something can be used. 「電池の寿命」.
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N2樹木じゅもく
A tree growing in the ground; a standing tree.
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N2樹立じゅりつ
To newly establish a record, system, or the like. 「記録を樹立する」.
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N2循環じゅんかん
The act of passing through a fixed route and repeatedly returning to the starting point. Used in forms like 「血液の循環」「資金の循環」.
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N5上手じょうず
skillful. Being able to do something well. The antonym is 「下手」 (unskillful). Read as 「うわて」, it means being superior to someone in strength or skill. Read as 「かみて」, it means the right side of a stage.
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N2焦点しょうてん
Originally refers to the point where light converges, as through a magnifying glass. By extension, it also refers to the central point where interest or attention concentrates most. Used as in 「議論の焦点」(the focus of a discussion) or 「焦点を絞る」(to narrow down the focus).
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N5丈夫じょうぶ
Not easily broken. Also used to mean the body being strong and not prone to illness. Example: 「丈夫なかばん」 (a sturdy bag).
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N5醤油しょうゆ
soy sauce. A dark brown seasoning made from soybeans.
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N2奨励しょうれい
The act of regarding a behavior as good and actively encouraging others to do it. Often used in contexts where governments or organizations promote it as a policy, in forms like 「読書を奨励する」「貯蓄奨励」.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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