Log in to save your learning history.
Sign up
ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
Search words across all levels
4,238words (N1–N5 total)
Searches word and reading by partial match. Tick the box below to search meanings too
Status
Filtered by N2・N4
·
1,659words
Clear filters
N4
故障
こしょう
For a machine or tool to break and stop working. Example: 「くるまが故障する」 (a car breaks down).
AI-generated translation
N2
こじれる
こじれる
It refers to a relationship or problem becoming complicated in a bad direction and difficult to resolve. Used in expressions like 「話がこじれる」 or 「関係がこじれる」, in situations of becoming entangled and worsening.
AI-generated translation
N2
故人
こじん
A person who has died. A different word from 「個人」 (each individual person), which has the same reading.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
擦る
こする
To press something firmly against the surface of an object and move it. A different action from 「摩る」 (to stroke gently) or 「刷る」 (to print), which are also read 「する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
個性
こせい
A unique quality that belongs only to that person or thing, different from others. Used as in 「個性を生かす」.
AI-generated translation
N2
古代
こだい
Ancient times. One of the periods into which history is divided, coming after the primitive age and before the medieval age. 「古代ローマ」.
AI-generated translation
N2
こだわる
こだわる
The word originally had a somewhat negative meaning of being caught up in trivial matters and unable to be free of them. From this, it developed the meaning of being strongly attentive to one thing and not letting it go easily. It is still used negatively, as in 「過去にこだわる」, but in modern Japanese it is more often used positively to describe an attitude of standing by one's beliefs or preferences, as in 「味にこだわる」 or 「細部にこだわる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
誇張
こちょう
To express something in an exaggerated way, beyond what it actually is.
AI-generated translation
N2
骨格
こっかく
(1) The bone framework that supports the body. 「がっしりした骨格」. (2) The basic structure of a matter. 「計画の骨格」.
AI-generated translation
N2
孤独
こどく
It refers to the state of being lonely with no one around. Used in expressions like 「孤独を感じる」 or 「孤独な生活」, it expresses the emotional sensation of being alone.
AI-generated translation
N4
小鳥
ことり
small bird. A small bird, such as a sparrow.
AI-generated translation
N2
こなす
こなす
It refers to skillfully handling difficult work or a large volume of tasks. Used in expressions like 「仕事をこなす」 or 「英語を使いこなす」, it is a verb used in situations of putting one's ability to work to dispose of things.
AI-generated translation
N2
こなれる
こなれる
Originally it meant that food becomes digested, or that something is broken down into small pieces. From this, it developed the meaning of becoming accustomed and feeling natural. Used in expressions like 「文章がこなれる」 or 「演技がこなれてきた」, it describes a state in which awkwardness has been shed and skill has been gained.
AI-generated translation
N4
この間
このあいだ
A certain time a little while ago. Example: 「この間、えきで先生に会った」 (I met the teacher at the station the other day).
AI-generated translation
N4
この頃
このごろ
A recent period, close to now. Example: 「この頃、さむくなった」 (it has gotten cold lately).
AI-generated translation
N4
細かい
こまかい
A state where the size or amount of something is small. Also used to mean small denominations of money, as in 「細かいおかね」 (small change).
AI-generated translation
N4
ごみ
ごみ
trash. Something no longer needed that is thrown away.
AI-generated translation
N4
込む
こむ
For there to be many people or vehicles, becoming crowded. Example: 「でんしゃが込む」 (the train gets crowded).
AI-generated translation
N4
米
こめ
rice. White grains grown in a paddy field, used as food. Usually cooked by boiling.
AI-generated translation
N2
こもる
こもる
The basic meaning is to remain inside without going out, or for a filled state inside not to disperse. Specifically, it refers to a person shutting themselves indoors and not going outside, or to smoke, smells, or emotions filling the interior without dispersing. Used as 「家にこもる」 or 「熱気がこもる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
こらえる
こらえる
It refers to enduring something painful or an emotion without letting it show. Used in expressions like 「涙をこらえる」 or 「痛みをこらえる」, in situations of suppressing strong emotions or pain.
AI-generated translation
N2
孤立
こりつ
It refers to being separated from companions or surroundings and being alone. Used in expressions like 「孤立する」 or 「孤立を深める」, it is a formal word for a state of loneliness in social or geographical terms.
AI-generated translation
N2
こりる
こりる
It refers to thinking, from a failure or painful experience, that one never wants to do the same thing again. Used in expressions like 「失敗にこりる」 or 「こりずに挑戦する」, it is a verb expressing reflection or a lesson learned.
AI-generated translation
N4
壊す
こわす
To hit or drop something so it can no longer be used. Example: 「おもちゃを壊す」 (to break a toy). When it breaks on its own, 「壊れる」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N4
壊れる
こわれる
For something to break and become unusable. Example: 「パソコンが壊れる」 (a computer breaks).
AI-generated translation
N2
婚姻
こんいん
It refers to a man and woman becoming husband and wife in legal terms. Used in expressions like 「婚姻届」 or 「婚姻関係」, it is a word that expresses marriage in a formal and institutional way.
AI-generated translation
N2
根気
こんき
「根」 refers to the root that supports things, and 「気」 means mental energy. It refers to the mental energy to continue something to the end without giving up. Used in expressions like 「根気がいる」 or 「根気よく」, in contexts of tasks that require patience.
AI-generated translation
N2
根拠
こんきょ
The basis on which a judgment or claim rests.
AI-generated translation
N2
献立
こんだて
A word referring to the combination or content of dishes in a meal. Expresses the overall composition of dishes served, as in「今晩の献立」「給食の献立」.
AI-generated translation
N2
今日
こんにち
The present age, the world of today. Used when describing something that has continued from some point in the past up to the present, as in "今日に至るまで" or "今日の日本". The greeting "こんにちは" also comes from this word. The same "今日" read as "きょう" is a different word referring to this very day.
AI-generated translation
N2
細工
さいく
The act of making small objects skillfully by hand, or the work itself. It also carries a negative meaning of dishonest manipulation. Used in forms like 「手の込んだ細工」「細工を施す」.
AI-generated translation
N2
採算
さいさん
A word expressing whether income exceeds expenditure to produce profit in business or transactions. Used in forms like 「採算が取れる」「採算が合う」. It refers to profit calculation and is applied to the profitability of a business rather than personal gain or loss.
AI-generated translation
N2
細心
さいしん
A word expressing careful attention down to the smallest details. Most commonly used in the form 「細心の注意」. It describes paying attention so as not to overlook even small mistakes in dangerous work or important procedures.
AI-generated translation
N2
財政
ざいせい
The state of managing money for a country, local government, household, and the like. Used in expressions like 「財政難」 and 「財政を立て直す」, it is a formal word referring to the management of income and expenditure.
AI-generated translation
N2
逆らう
さからう
(1) To move in the opposite direction against a current or force. 「風に逆らう」. (2) To not obey the words or orders of someone in a higher position. 「親に逆らう」.
AI-generated translation
N2
盛り
さかり
(1) The period when momentum or a condition is at its peak. 「働き盛り」「花の盛り」. (2) The mating season of animals.
AI-generated translation
N2
詐欺
さぎ
A criminal act of deceiving others to take their money or property. A formal word used in forms like 「オレオレ詐欺」「詐欺事件」「詐欺に遭う」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
裂く
さく
(1) To pull one thing apart and divide it into two or more pieces. 「布を裂く」. (2) To forcibly separate people who are close to each other. 「二人の仲を裂く」.
AI-generated translation
N2
削減
さくげん
To cut and reduce a quantity or cost. Used in expressions like 「経費を削減する」 and 「人員削減」, it is a somewhat formal word used when an amount is intentionally reduced.
AI-generated translation
N2
錯乱
さくらん
The mind becoming confused so that one can no longer make normal judgments.
AI-generated translation
N2
探る
さぐる
(1) To touch something with one's hand to check it. 「ポケットを探る」. (2) To secretly investigate another person's condition or circumstances. 「真意を探る」.
AI-generated translation
N2
避ける
さける
(1) To move out of the way so as not to collide. 「車を避ける」. (2) To try not to cause an undesirable event. 「混雑を避ける」.
AI-generated translation
N2
捧げる
ささげる
(1) To lift something high with both hands and offer it. 「花を捧げる」. (2) To devote something precious without holding back. 「人生を研究に捧げる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
差し掛かる
さしかかる
(1) To arrive at just that place. 「坂に差し掛かる」. (2) To approach a certain time or situation. 「梅雨に差し掛かる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
座礁
ざしょう
A word indicating that a ship runs aground on rocks or shallow waters and cannot move. Also used metaphorically to indicate that a plan or business has come to a standstill. Used in forms like 「タンカーが座礁する」「計画が座礁する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
挫折
ざせつ
For something to go wrong partway through, causing one to lose heart and give up. Used in expressions like 「夢に挫折する」 and 「挫折を味わう」, it is used when one gets stuck partway toward a goal.
AI-generated translation
N2
定か
さだか
A state of being clear and certain. It is mostly used together with a negative form, as in 「記憶が定かでない」 and 「定かではない」, to describe something that is uncertain.
AI-generated translation
N2
定まる
さだまる
For a matter to be decided and settle. 「定める」 is used for the person who decides, and 「定まる」 for what becomes decided and settles: 「日を定める」 versus 「日が定まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
定め
さだめ
The contents prescribed in advance by law, regulations, or contracts. Used in formal written language, in forms like 「〜の定めに従う」「定めにより」. Sometimes also used with the meaning of fate or destiny.
AI-generated translation
N2
定める
さだめる
A verb meaning to clearly establish in advance laws, regulations, or standards. A formal word used for official documents or institutional matters. Used in forms like 「規則を定める」「基準を定める」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.