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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N2・N4・N5
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257words
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N2, N3
ぶつかる
ぶつかる
To collide with force. Example: 「車が壁にぶつかる」 (a car crashes into a wall). Also used when opinions conflict or schedules overlap, as in 「意見がぶつかる」 (opinions clash), 「日程がぶつかる」 (schedules conflict). 「ぶつかる」 is used when something strikes against something else, while 「ぶつける」 is used when a person makes something strike: compare 「車が壁にぶつかる」 with 「車を壁にぶつける」.
AI-generated translation
N5
太い
ふとい
A state where the width of a round thing is large. The antonym is 「細い」 (thin).
AI-generated translation
N4
太る
ふとる
To gain weight. The antonym is 「痩せる」 (to lose weight).
AI-generated translation
N4
布団
ふとん
futon. Something laid out or draped over oneself when sleeping.
AI-generated translation
N2
赴任
ふにん
Refers to going to one's assigned post and taking up duty. Used in expressions like 「海外赴任 (overseas posting)」「単身赴任 (a posting away from one's family)」. 「赴」 means to go off to, 「任」 means duty; together they express "going to one's post". It is widely used in contexts describing transfers of employees, public officials, teachers, and the like.
AI-generated translation
N4
舟
ふね
boat. A small vehicle that moves over water. The homophone「船」is also used for large ones, while「舟」is often used for small ones.
AI-generated translation
N4
不便
ふべん
A state of being hard to use and inconvenient. The antonym is「便利（べんり）」(convenient).
AI-generated translation
N4
踏む
ふむ
To press down hard on top of something with one's foot. Example:「足を踏む」(to step on someone's foot).
AI-generated translation
N5
冬
ふゆ
winter. The coldest season of the year.
AI-generated translation
N2
扶養
ふよう
Refers to taking care of someone's livelihood and supporting them, namely sustaining their life through economic means. Used in expressions like 「扶養家族 (dependent family members)」「扶養義務 (the duty to support)」. 「扶」 means to help, 「養」 means to nurture; together they express "to help and nurture". It is a formal word appearing frequently in legal, tax, and social-security contexts.
AI-generated translation
N4
降り出す
ふりだす
For rain or snow to start falling.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
振る
ふる
To shake or swing something. Example: 「手を振る」 (to wave a hand), 「首を振る」 (to shake one's head). Also used to mean rejecting a romantic partner, as in 「彼女に振られる」 (to be dumped by one's girlfriend).
AI-generated translation
N5
降る
ふる
For rain or snow to fall from the sky. Example: 「雨が降る」 (rain falls).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3, N5
古い
ふるい
A state of much time having passed since something was made. The antonym is 「新しい」 (new).
AI-generated translation
N2
古びる
ふるびる
Refers to becoming aged with the passage of time and losing the appearance of newness. Used in expressions like 「古びた建物 (a weathered building)」「古びた写真 (an aged photograph)」「古びた看板 (a faded signboard)」. It expresses a state in which objects show changes such as fading, dimming, or wear, and is a word formed by combining 「古い (old)」 with 「びる (a suffix meaning "to become in a state of ~")」. It implies the process of gradually taking on age — not becoming old suddenly, but the appearance of having passed through time.
AI-generated translation
N5
風呂
ふろ
A place for washing the body or soaking in warm water. Example: 「お風呂に入る」 (to take a bath).
AI-generated translation
N5
分
ふん
minute. A unit of short time, one hour divided into 60. いっぷん・にふん・さんぷん・よんぷん・ごふん・ろっぷん・ななふん・はっぷん・きゅうふん・じゅっぷん, 「なんぷん」. With 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 it becomes 「ぷん」. When the same characters are read 「じゅうぶん」, they become a different word meaning that something is enough.
AI-generated translation
N2
雰囲気
ふんいき
Refers to the atmosphere or air given off by a place or person, which can be sensed. It points to an impression that cannot be clearly stated but is conveyed from the whole. Used in expressions like 「和やかな雰囲気 (a peaceful atmosphere)」「店の雰囲気 (the ambience of a shop)」. Both 「雰」 and 「囲気」 mean "what surrounds an essence", and the compound expresses "the air or feeling that fills the surroundings". It is used widely in expressing impressions of places, groups, or persons.
AI-generated translation
N4
文化
ぶんか
The ways of thinking, art, etc., that have grown within the daily life of a country or region.
AI-generated translation
N2
分解
ぶんかい
To break something that forms a single whole down into its constituent parts.
AI-generated translation
N4
文学
ぶんがく
Art expressed through words, such as novels and poetry.
AI-generated translation
N2
奮起
ふんき
Refers to summoning up one's spirit and tackling a task. Used in expressions like 「奮起を促す (to urge someone to rouse themselves)」「敗戦を機に奮起する (to rouse oneself on the occasion of a defeat)」「再起奮起 (rising again with renewed vigor)」. 「奮」 means to enliven one's spirit, 「起」 means to rise; together they express "to rouse one's spirit and rise". It expresses the appearance of pulling up sunken feelings and moving toward action, and is used widely in contexts of encouragement, sports, and recovery from defeat.
AI-generated translation
N2
分岐
ぶんき
Refers to a single flow or path dividing into several branches. It is used not only for physical roads or railway lines, but also for the branching points of discussions, choices, or careers. Used in expressions like 「分岐点 (a turning point)」「議論が分岐する (a discussion branches off)」. 「分」 means to divide, 「岐」 means a fork in the road. It is also widely used as a metaphor to express critical points of judgment or moments of transition.
AI-generated translation
N2
噴出
ふんしゅつ
Refers to gushing out forcefully from the inside by inner power. Used in expressions like 「溶岩の噴出 (a lava eruption)」「不満の噴出 (an outpouring of discontent)」「問題が噴出する (problems erupt)」. It has both physical senses (volcanoes, hot springs, water pipes) and metaphorical senses in which complaints, problems, or doubts surface all at once. In the metaphorical sense, it expresses the force of suppressed things bursting forth together.
AI-generated translation
N2, N4
文章
ぶんしょう
Something in which several sentences are connected to convey a single piece of content.
AI-generated translation
N2
奮戦
ふんせん
Refers to fighting with all one's might. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「孤軍奮戦 (a lone-handed fight)」「最後まで奮戦する (to fight valiantly to the end)」「奮戦むなしく敗れる (to be defeated in spite of a gallant fight)」. 「奮」 means to summon up one's spirit, 「戦」 means to fight; together they express "to fight summoning all one's strength". It is widely used in contexts of competitions, sports, and battles, and carries the implication of evaluating the very posture of giving one's all, regardless of the outcome.
AI-generated translation
N2
紛争
ふんそう
Refers to disputes arising between nations, groups, or individuals from conflicts of interest or opinion. Used in expressions like 「国際紛争 (international conflict)」「労使紛争 (labor disputes)」「紛争解決 (dispute resolution)」. 「紛」 means to become tangled, 「争」 means to contend; together they express a state of opposition between parties that cannot be easily resolved. It is a formal word covering broadly from armed conflict to legal disputes, used widely in news reports and contexts of international relations and labor issues.
AI-generated translation
N2
奮闘
ふんとう
Refers to fighting and striving with all one's might. It expresses the appearance of tenaciously tackling something in a difficult situation. Used in expressions like 「孤軍奮闘 (lone-handed struggle)」「奮闘努力 (strenuous effort)」. 「奮」 means to enliven one's spirit, 「闘」 means to fight; together they express "summoning up one's spirit and fighting". It is used in scenes of giving one's all regardless of the object, whether in competitions, work, or nursing.
AI-generated translation
N2
奮発
ふんぱつ
Refers to spending money with a willingness to splurge. Also refers to summoning up one's spirit. Used in expressions like 「奮発して時計を買う (to splurge on a watch)」「一念奮発 (a sudden surge of resolve)」. 「奮」 means to make one's spirit vigorous, 「発」 means to start; together they express "to summon up one's spirit". In everyday life it is most often used for boldness in spending, in contexts that positively describe an extravagance for a special occasion.
AI-generated translation
N2
分布
ぶんぷ
Something existing spread across several locations; the extent of that spread.
AI-generated translation
N2
分別
ふんべつ
Refers to the power to grasp the logic of matters and exercise appropriate judgment without acting rashly. Used in expressions like 「分別のある大人 (a mature, thoughtful adult)」「分別がつく年齢 (an age at which one can exercise discretion)」「分別を欠いた行動 (rash action)」. It often refers to the calm judgment found in those who have accumulated experience with age, appearing frequently in contexts that contrast it with the rashness of the young. Since the same characters are also read 「ぶんべつ (sorting, as in garbage separation)」, the reading must be distinguished by context.
AI-generated translation
N2
分別
ぶんべつ
Separating things by type. Used in situations of sorting according to fixed criteria, as in "ごみを分別する" (to separate the garbage) or "資源ごみの分別". The same "分別" read as "ふんべつ" is a different word meaning the power to grasp the logic of matters and judge appropriately.
AI-generated translation
N4
文法
ぶんぽう
grammar. Rules for using language correctly.
AI-generated translation
N2
平易
へいい
Refers to content or expression being easy and understandable. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「平易な言葉で説明する (to explain in easy language)」「平易な文章 (a plain piece of writing)」「平易に解説する (to explain plainly)」. It is used when evaluating the clarity of an explanation or description, with 「難解 (difficult to understand)」 as its antonym. It is used widely in educational, publishing, and explanatory contexts, and is established as a more formal written word than 「易しい」.
AI-generated translation
N2
平穏
へいおん
Refers to a state in which there are no incidents, disturbances, or upheavals, and things are calm. Used in expressions like 「平穏な暮らし (a peaceful life)」「平穏に過ぎる日々 (days that pass peacefully)」「平穏無事 (peaceful and uneventful)」. It is used to describe daily life or the flow of time, and is used in contexts where the absence of special events is positively evaluated. Whereas 「平和」 refers to the absence of war at the national or social level, 「平穏」 tends to refer to the everyday tranquility of individuals or local communities.
AI-generated translation
N2
閉口
へいこう
Refers to being utterly at a loss in the face of another's words or a situation and becoming thoroughly fed up. Used in expressions like 「閉口する (to be at a loss)」「閉口させられる (to be made fed up)」. The original meaning is "to be unable to retort and close one's mouth", from which the senses "to be at a loss as to how to handle" and "to be fed up" developed. It is a somewhat casual word expressing perplexity at the level of having difficulty managing rather than deep despair, and can be used even in everyday conversation.
AI-generated translation
N2
平然
へいぜん
Refers to an appearance of remaining unshaken and composed even when faced with serious circumstances. It is a formal word used in forms like 「平然と」「平然たる態度 (a composed attitude)」「平然としている (to remain unperturbed)」. It expresses the appearance of maintaining calm in a scene where one ought to be shaken, and is used both positively and negatively. Positively it is the evaluation of 「胆力がある (having nerve)」「冷静沈着 (cool and collected)」; negatively it carries the critical implication of 「無神経 (insensitive)」「悪びれない (showing no remorse)」.
AI-generated translation
N2
閉幕
へいまく
Refers to an event, tournament, play, conference, etc. coming to an end. Used in expressions like 「閉幕を迎える (to reach the closing)」「閉幕の辞 (closing address)」「大会が閉幕する (the tournament closes)」. The original meaning is the lowering of the theater curtain to end a performance, from which the meaning extended to the conclusion of events in general. Paired with 「開幕」, it is a word that formally expresses the ending of some time-limited event.
AI-generated translation
N5
下手
へた
unskillful. Not being able to do something well. The antonym is 「上手」 (skillful). Read as 「したて」, it means a lower position or a humble attitude. Read as 「しもて」, it means the left side of a stage.
AI-generated translation
N2
隔たり
へだたり
Refers to the distance, gap, or difference between two things. Used in expressions like 「両者の間に大きな隔たりがある (there is a great gap between the two)」「世代の隔たり (a generation gap)」「意見の隔たり (a divergence of opinion)」. It points broadly to physical distance, the passage of time, and differences in thinking or position, and is often used especially in the psychological, abstract sense of "gap". It implies the existence of an element that separates the two parties.
AI-generated translation
N2
隔てる
へだてる
Refers to placing something between two things and separating them in terms of distance, space, or time. Used in expressions like 「川を隔てる (to be separated by a river)」「歳月を隔てる (to be separated by years)」「壁を隔てて声がする (a voice is heard through the wall)」. It is used for physical partitions, intervals of time, and even psychological distance. It is often used adverbially in the form 「〜を隔てて (separated by ~)」, appearing frequently in contexts that describe the relationship between two things.
AI-generated translation
N4
別
べつ
Being different from others. Example:「それは別の話だ」(that is a separate matter). In the form 「別に」 it becomes a different word: used together with a negative, as in 「別に用事はない」, it means "nothing in particular".
AI-generated translation
N2
別段
べつだん
Refers to anything especially noteworthy to mention. Used in expressions like 「別段の事情 (any particular circumstances)」「別段気にしていない (not particularly bothered)」. It is mostly used together with negative expressions such as 「ない」「なかった」, and its central use is adverbial, expressing the sense of "nothing in particular". It is used in formal styles; in everyday conversation it is usually replaced with 「特に (in particular)」.
AI-generated translation
N2
別途
べっと
Refers to being separate from the main thread or main body, and added on. Used in expressions like 「別途請求 (to be billed separately)」「別途連絡する (to contact separately)」「別途料金がかかる (a separate fee applies)」. It indicates that something is handled separately from a certain item or main body, and is a formal word appearing widely in business documents, contracts, and notices. In everyday conversation it can be replaced with 「別に」 or 「別で」, but in writing 「別途」 has become standard.
AI-generated translation
N4
別に
べつに
not particularly. Used together with a negative to express "not especially". Used as in "別に用事はない" (I have nothing in particular to do) or "別にきらいじゃない" (I don't particularly dislike it), to softly deny what was asked. In conversation, "別に。" on its own can also mean "it's nothing". The same character read only as "べつ" is a different word meaning being different from others.
AI-generated translation
N5
部屋
へや
room. A single space within a house, divided off by walls.
AI-generated translation
N2
経る
へる
Refers to passing through time, places, or stages. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「歳月を経る (years pass)」「審査を経て採用される (to be hired after passing a screening)」「東京を経て大阪に向かう (to go via Tokyo to Osaka)」. It has three meanings — the passage of time, passing through a place, and going through procedures or stages — and the reading must be distinguished by context. The adverbial usage in the form 「〜を経て (after passing through)」, indicating a preceding stage, is especially common, and appears frequently in formal styles.
AI-generated translation
N4
変
へん
strange. A state of being unusual and odd.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
辺
へん
The area, the vicinity of a place. Example: 「この辺」 (around here).
AI-generated translation
N2
変革
へんかく
Refers to fundamentally changing the structures of society, organizations, or systems. It is a formal word used in expressions like 「意識の変革 (a change in consciousness)」「構造変革 (structural reform)」「社会変革 (social transformation)」. It expresses change that reaches the structure itself, rather than surface-level adjustment or partial improvement, and is often discussed from a long-term, historical perspective. It appears frequently in political, business, and social-theory contexts.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.