A verb meaning to hinder the progress of something so that it does not go well. Used for things in progress such as work, development, or understanding. Used in forms like 「通行を妨げる」「成長を妨げる」.
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N5寒いさむい
A feeling of low temperature. Used for weather and air. The antonym is 「暑い」 (hot). 「冷たい」 is used when something feels cold to the touch.
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N4冷めるさめる
For the temperature of something hot to drop. Also used to mean feelings weakening, as in「きょうみが冷める」(interest cools/fades).
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N2, N3左右さゆう
left and right. Left and right. Example: 「左右を確認する」 (to check left and right). Also used to mean having a major influence on something, as in 「結果を左右する」 (to have a decisive effect on the result).
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N5皿さら
A flat container for holding food.
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N5再来年さらいねん
The year after next year. Usually written with the kanji 「再来年」.
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N2浚うさらう
To scoop out and remove soil or mud that has accumulated at the bottom of water. 「浚」 is a kanji not used in everyday writing, so this word is often written in hiragana. The same reading 「さらう」 with the meaning "to snatch away" is written with a different kanji, 「掠う」.
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N2爽やかさわやか
A refreshing, pleasant feeling in one's mood or in the air.
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N2参画さんかく
A word indicating involvement in important plans or enterprises not merely as a participant but with a specific standing. A formal word used in administrative or large-scale project contexts. Used in forms like 「政策に参画する」「経営に参画する」.
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N5三月さんがつ
The 3rd month of the year.
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N2残酷ざんこく
Cruel and merciless, so terrible that it is hard to bear witnessing it. Used in expressions like 「残酷な仕打ち」 and 「残酷な現実」, it describes brutal acts or situations.
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N2産出さんしゅつ
To produce minerals, agricultural products, or the like. 「石油を産出する」.
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N2賛助さんじょ
To agree with the purpose of a project or activity and lend one's support. 「賛助会員」.
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N2参照さんしょう
To look at another source for reference when investigating or thinking about something.
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N2残高ざんだか
The amount of money remaining in a bank account or accounting ledger. A word used in accounting and financial contexts; it is not used for things other than money. Used in forms like 「預金残高」「残高証明書」.
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N2賛同さんどう
To agree with someone's opinion or idea.
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N2山腹さんぷく
The area partway between the summit and the foot of a mountain; the mountainside.
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N5散歩さんぽ
To walk slowly outside for exercise. Example: 「公園を散歩する」 (to take a walk in the park).
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N2山脈さんみゃく
A long, continuous chain formed by many mountains connected together.
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N4市し
city. An administrative division larger than a town. Example: 「大阪市」 (Osaka City). The same 「市」 read as 「いち」 is a different word referring to an event where people gather on set days to buy and sell goods.
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N4字じ
character. A shape written to represent language. Hiragana, katakana, kanji, etc.
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N5四し
four. The number 4. It is also read 「よん」, and in spoken language 「よん」 is used more often. The reading changes depending on the word, as in 「四つ（よっつ）」「四日（よっか）」.
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N5時じ
hour. The unit used to indicate a point of clock time. It is used after a number, as in 「三時」 or 「何時」. It can also be used together with minutes, as in 「三時四十分」. When this kanji is read 「とき」, it does not indicate clock time but an occasion, as in 「〜のとき」.
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N4試合しあい
In sports, to compete against an opponent to decide who wins or loses.
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N2仕上がるしあがる
For something to be finished and complete. 「仕上げる」 is used for the person who works on something and completes it, and 「仕上がる」 for what reaches a finished state: 「作品を仕上げる」 versus 「作品が仕上がる」.
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N2飼育しいく
To feed and care for an animal, raising it.
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N2仕入れるしいれる
(1) To buy in goods or materials to sell. 「商品を仕入れる」. (2) To obtain information or the like. 「ネタを仕入れる」.
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N5塩しお
salt. White grains used to season food.
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N2自覚じかく
To clearly recognize for oneself one's own position, condition, responsibility, etc. 「自覚症状」.
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N2仕掛けるしかける
(1) To take the initiative and act toward the other party. 「勝負を仕掛ける」. (2) To set up a device in advance. 「わなを仕掛ける」.
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N5しかししかし
However. A word used in formal (written) sentences, when saying something different from the preceding sentence.
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N4仕方しかた
A method for doing something. Similar to 「作り方」 (how to make). 「しかたがない」 means there is no other way.
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N5四月しがつ
The 4th month of the year. It is read 「しがつ」, not 「よんがつ」.
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N2しがみ付くしがみつく
To cling to something with all one's strength so as not to be separated from it. 「地位にしがみつく」. Often written in hiragana.
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N4叱るしかる
To sternly warn a person who has done something wrong.
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N5時間じかん
time. A length of time that can be measured with a clock.
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N1, N2色彩しきさい
(1) Color; a hue. 「鮮やかな色彩」. (2) A quality or tendency that something has. 「政治的色彩が強い」.
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N2識別しきべつ
To distinguish the difference between things.
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N2支給しきゅう
A company, government office, etc. providing money or goods. 交通費を支給する (provide a transportation allowance), 制服が支給される (uniforms are provided).
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N2仕組みしくみ
The internal structure by which something operates, or the makeup leading to a certain outcome. Used in forms like 「仕組みを理解する」「社会の仕組み」.
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N2, N3刺激しげき
stimulus. Something that strongly acts on the senses or mind. Example: 「強い光の刺激」 (the stimulus of strong light), 「刺激的な映画」 (a stimulating movie). Also used to mean something that motivates someone, as in 「刺激を受ける」 (to be stimulated/inspired).
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N2資源しげん
Natural materials used for industry or daily life. Also used broadly to refer to anything that can be utilized, including people and objects. Used in forms like 「天然資源」「人的資源」.
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N4試験しけん
A set of questions used to check whether one understands or can do something.
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N4事故じこ
An unexpected, bad event caused by a car or machine, etc.
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N5仕事しごと
job. Something done in order to earn money; a duty to be carried out.
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N2支出ししゅつ
Paying out money; also, the money paid; expenditure. The opposite is 収入 (income).
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N5辞書じしょ
dictionary. A book for looking up the meaning or reading of words.
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N2至上しじょう
Meaning "nothing surpasses it" or "supreme." Used in forms like 「至上の喜び」「〜至上主義」, expressing what is held to be of the highest value.
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N2私情しじょう
Personal feelings separated from one's official position. Used in forms like 「私情をはさむ」「私情を交える」, typically in contexts where they undermine fairness.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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