The act of undergoing rigorous training to refine one's skills, learning, or spirit. Especially used in martial arts, traditional arts, and Buddhism. Used in forms like 「修行を積む」「料理の修行」.
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N2祝賀しゅくが
To celebrate a happy event together with others. 「祝賀会」.
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N2祝祭日しゅくさいじつ
A collective term for national holidays and festival days established by the state; a public holiday.
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N2淑女しゅくじょ
A refined and well-mannered woman. Often used in the form 「紳士淑女」. Used in formal contexts.
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N2縮小しゅくしょう
To reduce the scale or size of something and make it smaller. The paired opposite word is 「拡大」.
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N2熟練じゅくれん
The state of being highly accustomed to a task or skill through long-accumulated experience. Used in forms like 「熟練の技」「熟練した職人」.
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N2手芸しゅげい
A handicraft made using the hands, such as knitting or embroidery, done as a hobby.
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N2主権しゅけん
The supreme power to govern a country without being controlled by another country. 「国民主権」.
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N2主宰しゅさい
To be at the center of a group of people and lead and run a meeting or organization; also, the person who does this. 「劇団を主宰する」.
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N2趣旨しゅし
The central meaning or purpose that a speech, text, or event seeks to convey. Used in forms like 「趣旨を説明する」「会の趣旨」.
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N2〜N4主人しゅじん
The head of a household, shop, or the like. It refers to the person at the top of that house or shop. In the past, it meant the most senior person in the house (often the father). It is also used as a polite way to refer to someone else's husband.
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N2種族しゅぞく
A group of living things or people who share the same origin and characteristics.
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N2主体しゅたい
(1) The central party responsible for an action or decision. 「住民が主体となる」. (2) The central part of an organization or matter.
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N3主題しゅだい
The central idea of a story or work. A theme. The homophone-starting word 「首都」 (capital city) is a different word.
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N3出血しゅっけつ
(1) For blood to come out. Example: 「出血を止める」 (to stop the bleeding). (2) To lower a price at the cost of taking a loss. Example: 「出血大サービス」 (a big loss-leader sale).
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N2出現しゅつげん
Something that did not exist until now appearing.
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N2出世しゅっせ
To rise to a high social position and become successful.
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N2出費しゅっぴ
To pay money for something; also, the expense itself. 「出費がかさむ」.
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N3首都しゅと
The town that is the center of a country. The town where a country's government is located. The similarly-starting word 「主題」 (theme) is a different word.
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N2寿命じゅみょう
(1) The length of time a life lasts. 「寿命がのびる」. (2) The period during which something can be used. 「電池の寿命」.
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N2樹木じゅもく
A tree growing in the ground; a standing tree.
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N2樹立じゅりつ
To newly establish a record, system, or the like. 「記録を樹立する」.
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N2循環じゅんかん
The act of passing through a fixed route and repeatedly returning to the starting point. Used in forms like 「血液の循環」「資金の循環」.
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N3状態じょうたい
condition. The state of a person or matter at a given time. Example: 「健康状態」 (health condition), 「よい状態を保つ」 (to maintain a good condition).
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N2焦点しょうてん
Originally refers to the point where light converges, as through a magnifying glass. By extension, it also refers to the central point where interest or attention concentrates most. Used as in 「議論の焦点」(the focus of a discussion) or 「焦点を絞る」(to narrow down the focus).
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N2奨励しょうれい
The act of regarding a behavior as good and actively encouraging others to do it. Often used in contexts where governments or organizations promote it as a policy, in forms like 「読書を奨励する」「貯蓄奨励」.
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N2所感しょかん
An impression or opinion held about a certain matter. Used when delivering remarks in formal settings. Used in forms like 「所感を述べる」「新年の所感」.
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N2除去じょきょ
To remove something that is in the way or harmful.
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N2徐行じょこう
A vehicle or the like moving so slowly that it can stop immediately.
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N2所在しょざい
The place where a person or thing exists. It can also indicate where responsibility lies. Used as in 「所在を明らかにする」(to make clear where something is) or 「責任の所在」(the locus of responsibility).
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N2所持しょじ
To have something as one's own, including both physical possession and ownership. Used for "carrying on one's person" (as in 「免許証を所持する」 - to carry a license) as well as "owning/holding" (as in 「別荘を所持する」 - to own a villa). Used in formal contexts regarding documents, money, objects, rights, or assets.
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N2女装じょそう
A man dressing and appearing as a woman. A woman dressing and appearing as a man is called 「男装」.
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N2自立じりつ
To live or do things by one's own effort, without relying on others.
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N2侵害しんがい
The act of unjustly intruding upon another's rights or domain and causing harm. Used in forms like 「権利を侵害する」「プライバシーの侵害」.
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N2, N4人口じんこう
population. The number of people living in a certain country or town.
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N2審査しんさ
To examine an entry or a qualification in detail and decide whether it passes or fails, or how it ranks.
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N3真実しんじつ
The truth, with no lies in it.
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N2信者しんじゃ
A person who believes in a particular religion or teaching.
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N2真珠しんじゅ
A round, beautiful gem formed inside a shellfish. Used as a jewel.
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N2進出しんしゅつ
To extend one's influence and advance into a new field or place. 「海外に進出する」「決勝に進出する」.
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N2信条しんじょう
A belief or principle of action that one firmly holds and is determined to uphold. Used in forms like 「信条とする」「政治信条」, expressing the conviction at the core of one's way of life.
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N2浸水しんすい
A house or piece of land being submerged in water due to flooding or the like.
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N2親善しんぜん
The maintenance of friendly and good relationships between nations, organizations, or people. Used in forms like 「親善試合」「親善大使」 in contexts of exchange or friendship.
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N3新鮮しんせん
Fish or vegetables being fresh. Also used to mean something novel and lively, as in 「新鮮な驚き」 (a fresh surprise).
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N2深層しんそう
The deep part of something that does not appear on the surface. 「心の深層」. The paired opposite word is 「表層」.
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N2真相しんそう
The true state of affairs hidden behind what appears on the surface. Used in situations of uncovering hidden facts, as in 「真相を究明する」.
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N3心臓しんぞう
heart. The organ inside the body that sends blood throughout the body. It lies slightly to the left in the chest, and if it stops moving, life is in danger. 「心臓が強い」 also means not being timid even in front of others.
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N2迅速じんそく
A response or movement being very quick. The paired opposite word is 「緩慢」.
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N3慎重しんちょう
The state of being careful and not acting rashly. Used in forms like 「慎重に検討する」「慎重な判断」, expressing the careful handling of matters to avoid failure.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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