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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
Search words across all levels
4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N2・N3
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N2
光沢
こうたく
The surface of an object being smooth and shiny.
AI-generated translation
N2
強奪
ごうだつ
It refers to forcibly taking another's property using violence or threats. Used in expressions like 「強奪する」 or 「現金を強奪される」, it is a formal word for crime.
AI-generated translation
N2
公団
こうだん
An organization set up by the national or local government to carry out public projects. This is a somewhat old term for the system, and today many such organizations have been renamed.
AI-generated translation
N2
好調
こうちょう
A condition being good and progressing smoothly. The paired opposite word is 「不調」.
AI-generated translation
N2
肯定
こうてい
To acknowledge that something is indeed the case.
AI-generated translation
N2
高騰
こうとう
「高」 means high, and 「騰」 means to leap up; the latter character originally depicted a horse rearing up. From this, the word refers to prices suddenly rising sharply. Used in expressions like 「価格が高騰する」 or 「高騰を招く」, it is a formal word used in economic and market contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
口頭
こうとう
To convey something directly by speaking, rather than in writing. 「口頭で説明する」. The paired opposite word is 「書面」.
AI-generated translation
N3
行動
こうどう
action. To actually move one's body and do something. Example: 「行動を起こす」 (to take action), 「行動力」 (the ability to take action).
AI-generated translation
N3
強盗
ごうとう
robbery. To threaten someone and steal their money or belongings. The person who commits this crime. Example: 「銀行強盗」 (a bank robbery), 「強盗に入られる」 (to be robbed by an intruder).
AI-generated translation
N2
購読
こうどく
To pay for and subscribe to a newspaper, magazine, or the like, reading it on an ongoing basis. The word 「講読」 (a class for reading and interpreting books), which has the same reading, is now rarely used.
AI-generated translation
N3
購入
こうにゅう
To buy something. A slightly more formal way of saying 「買う」 (to buy).
AI-generated translation
N2
公認
こうにん
For a country or organization to officially recognize something. 「公認会計士」.
AI-generated translation
N2
購買
こうばい
To purchase goods. A formal, written way of saying "to buy," used in economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
交付
こうふ
For a government office or the like to officially hand over a document, money, etc. 「証明書を交付する」. Used in the context of official procedures.
AI-generated translation
N2
降伏
こうふく
To admit defeat in a battle, lay down one's arms, and submit to the opponent. Also written 「降服」. It refers to an army or nation stopping combat and coming under the control of the victor, and is also used when an individual stops fighting and yields to an opponent. Note that 「降伏」 also has a Buddhist meaning: defeating evil spirits or enemies through the power of the buddhas and gods.
AI-generated translation
N3
幸福
こうふく
happiness. Being fulfilled and happy. Example: 「幸福な家庭」 (a happy family). A more formal word than 「幸せ」. The antonym is 「不幸」 (unhappiness).
AI-generated translation
N3
興奮
こうふん
A state in which one's feelings are heightened and the heart cannot settle down.
AI-generated translation
N2
公平
こうへい
Treating everyone alike without favoring either side; fairness, impartiality. 公平な判断 (a fair judgment). Whereas the similar word 平等 refers to a state in which rights and treatment are equal, 公平 refers to freedom from bias in judgment or treatment.
AI-generated translation
N2
候補
こうほ
Being named as having a possibility of being chosen for a certain position or selection; also, that person or thing.
AI-generated translation
N2
公募
こうぼ
To recruit widely from the general public.
AI-generated translation
N2
高慢
こうまん
「高」 means to view oneself as highly placed, and 「慢」 means to be arrogant or to belittle others. It describes the attitude of believing oneself to be superior and looking down on others. Used in expressions like 「高慢な態度」 or 「高慢にふるまう」, it is a formal word used to criticize a person's character.
AI-generated translation
N2
巧妙
こうみょう
It refers to means or mechanisms being made extremely well. Used in expressions like 「巧妙な手口」 or 「巧妙に仕組まれた」, it is especially often used when the means of a crime or scheme has been carefully crafted.
AI-generated translation
N2
拷問
ごうもん
「拷」 means to strike or torment, and 「問」 means to interrogate; together they mean to interrogate while inflicting torment. It refers to inflicting severe physical and mental pain in order to extract a confession. Used in expressions like 「拷問にかける」 or 「拷問を受ける」, in contexts strongly criticized as a human rights violation.
AI-generated translation
N2
高揚
こうよう
「高」 means high, and 「揚」 means to rise; together they mean for one's spirits to rise high. It refers to feelings or emotions becoming heightened and lively. Used in expressions like 「気分が高揚する」 or 「高揚感」, it is a formal word used when excitement or fervor wells up.
AI-generated translation
N2
公用
こうよう
(1) An errand for official work. 「公用で出かける」. A personal errand is called 「私用」. (2) Official use by a country or government office. 「公用語」.
AI-generated translation
N2
強欲
ごうよく
「強」 means strong, and 「欲」 means desire; together they mean strong desire. It refers to having extremely strong desire that knows no satisfaction. Used in expressions like 「強欲な人」 or 「強欲にまみれる」. It is a somewhat formal word used in negative evaluation, frequently appearing in literature and criticism.
AI-generated translation
N2
小売
こうり
To sell goods that have been purchased directly to consumers. Selling them in bulk to retail shops and the like is called 「卸売」.
AI-generated translation
N3
効率
こうりつ
The ratio of results achieved relative to the time or effort spent. 「効率がいい」 means little is wasted.
AI-generated translation
N2
拘留
こうりゅう
「拘」 means to detain, and 「留」 means to hold; together they mean to detain and hold. It refers to the police temporarily holding a person for a short period. It is a legal term used in situations of temporarily detaining a suspect's person, as in 「拘留される」 or 「拘留期間」.
AI-generated translation
N2
考慮
こうりょ
To carefully weigh various circumstances together.
AI-generated translation
N2
護衛
ごえい
To stay by a person's or thing's side and protect it from danger; also, the person who does this.
AI-generated translation
N3
越える
こえる
To go over to the other side of a mountain, river, border, etc. Example: 「国境を越える」 (to cross a border), 「峠を越える」 (to go over a mountain pass). The homophone 「超える」 refers to a quantity or limit being exceeded, as in 「1万人を超える」 (to exceed 10,000 people), and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
凍る
こおる
freeze. For water, etc., to cool and solidify. Example: 「湖が凍る」 (a lake freezes), 「道路が凍る」 (a road freezes over).
AI-generated translation
N3
誤解
ごかい
misunderstanding. To mistakenly take in the meaning or feeling of something. Example: 「誤解を招く」 (to invite misunderstanding), 「誤解を解く」 (to clear up a misunderstanding).
AI-generated translation
N3
語学
ごがく
To study a foreign language. Example: 「語学が得意だ」 (good at languages), 「語学学校」 (a language school).
AI-generated translation
N3
呼吸
こきゅう
breathing. To breathe in and out. Example: 「深く呼吸する」 (to breathe deeply). Also used to mean being in sync with someone, as in 「呼吸が合う」 (to be in rhythm with each other).
AI-generated translation
N2
故郷
こきょう
It refers to the land where one was born and raised. Used in expressions like 「故郷に帰る」 or 「故郷を離れる」, it is a somewhat formal word for the place of one's roots, with the same meaning as ふるさと.
AI-generated translation
N2, N4
国際
こくさい
Something between countries. It is always attached to the front of another word, and 「国際」 alone never stands in a sentence. A plane that flies between countries is a 「国際線（こくさいせん）」, and ties between countries are 「国際関係（こくさいかんけい）」; there are also 「国際けっこん」 and 「国際くうこう」. In the form 「国際的（こくさいてき）」 it becomes a word that describes what something is like, as in 「国際的にゆうめいな店」.
AI-generated translation
N2
告示
こくじ
It refers to the state or public office widely informing the general public of matters that have been decided. Used in expressions like 「選挙の告示」 or 「告示する」, it is a formal word used in situations of official announcement.
AI-generated translation
N2
極上
ごくじょう
It refers to quality or degree being so good that it cannot be better. Used in expressions like 「極上の品」 or 「極上のひととき」, it is a somewhat formal word for the highest-grade things.
AI-generated translation
N3
国籍
こくせき
nationality. The status of which country a person is a citizen of. Example: 「日本国籍」 (Japanese nationality), 「国籍を取得する」 (to acquire nationality).
AI-generated translation
N2
酷評
こくひょう
「酷」 means cruel or severe, and 「評」 means to evaluate. It refers to criticizing a work or behavior severely and without mercy. Used in expressions like 「批評家に酷評される」 or 「酷評を浴びる」, in situations where a strongly negative evaluation is given.
AI-generated translation
N2
克服
こくふく
「克」 means to win over, and 「服」 means to make submit; the original meaning is to defeat an enemy and bring them under control. From this, it came to mean to overcome difficulties or weaknesses through effort. Used in expressions like 「病気を克服する」 or 「困難を克服する」, in contexts speaking about the results of overcoming obstacles.
AI-generated translation
N2
克明
こくめい
「克」 means to thoroughly accomplish, and 「明」 means to make clear; together they mean to make clear down to every corner. It refers to being precise to the smallest detail, without overlooking anything. Used in expressions like 「克明に記録する」 or 「克明な描写」, it is a formal word expressing thoroughness in reporting, observation, and description.
AI-generated translation
N3
国立
こくりつ
Being built with the nation's money and run by the nation. It is most often attached to the name of a facility, as in 「国立大学」 (a national university), 「国立公園」 (a national park), 「国立博物館」 (a national museum), 「国立図書館」 (a national library), 「国立競技場」 (a national stadium). It is also used alone, as in 「この大学は国立だ」. Used in contrast with 「私立」 (private), 「県立」 (prefectural), and 「市立」 (municipal).
AI-generated translation
N3
焦げる
こげる
burn. To become blackened from being overcooked. Example: 「パンが焦げる」 (bread burns), 「焦げたにおい」 (a burnt smell). Something turning black on its own is 「焦げる」, while a person making it turn black by overcooking it is 「焦がす」; they are used as in 「ごはんが焦げる」 versus 「ごはんを焦がす」.
AI-generated translation
N3
凍える
こごえる
For the body to lose sensation from cold. Example: 「手が凍える」 (one's hands go numb from cold), 「凍えるような寒さ」 (bone-chilling cold).
AI-generated translation
N2
心地
ここち
The feeling or sensation one experiences when doing something. When used on its own it is read 「ここち」, as in 「生きた心地がしない」. It is mostly used attached after other words, as in 「乗り心地」「居心地」「夢心地」, and in this case it is read with the voiced sound 「〜ごこち」.
AI-generated translation
N2
心当たり
こころあたり
Something that comes to mind; a rough idea or guess. 「心当たりがない」.
AI-generated translation
N2
心掛ける
こころがける
To always be mindful and make an effort to do something.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.