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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N5
押す
おす
push. To apply force to move something forward or toward the other person. Example: 「ボタンを押す」 (to press a button). The antonym is 「引く」 (to pull).
AI-generated translation
N2
汚染
おせん
The mixing of harmful substances into air, water, or soil so that they are no longer clean. A formal word mainly dealing with environmental issues, used as in 「大気汚染」 or 「放射能汚染」. Can also be used metaphorically for the human heart and society.
AI-generated translation
N5
遅い
おそい
A state of movement being slow. Example: 「あるくのが遅い」 (slow at walking). Also used to mean time being late, as in 「よるが遅い」 (late at night). The antonym is 「はやい」 (fast/early).
AI-generated translation
N2
襲う
おそう
(1) To attack suddenly. 「敵が襲う」. (2) A disaster or emotion striking suddenly. 「台風が町を襲う」「不安が襲う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
お粗末
おそまつ
A state in which the quality or content of something is poor and embarrassing. Used in expressions like 「お粗末な結果」 and 「お粗末な計画」. It is also used by the person who served a meal, as in the humble greeting 「お粗末さまでした」.
AI-generated translation
N3
恐れる
おそれる
fear. To think something is scary. To worry about danger or failure. Example: 「失敗を恐れるな」 (don't fear failure), 「死を恐れる」 (to fear death). The noun form is 「恐れ」, which in expressions like 「雨の恐れがある」 means "worry/possibility."
AI-generated translation
N3
恐ろしい
おそろしい
frightening. Scary. Example: 「恐ろしい事件」 (a frightening incident). Also used to mean an extreme degree of something, as in 「恐ろしく速い」 (frighteningly fast).
AI-generated translation
N3
教わる
おそわる
To be taught something by someone. Example: 「先生に数学を教わる」 (to be taught math by a teacher). The counterpart action to 「教える」 (to teach).
AI-generated translation
N3
お互い
おたがい
each other. Each of two people (or two things) involved in a relationship. Example: 「お互いに助け合う」 (to help each other), 「お互いさま」 (an expression meaning both sides are in the same position, so there's no need to worry about it).
AI-generated translation
N2
穏やか
おだやか
A state of being quiet, settled, and undisturbed. Used broadly as in 「穏やかな天気」 or 「穏やかな人柄」 for weather, the sea, or a person's character. Also used for emotions, attitudes, or the atmosphere of a place.
AI-generated translation
N2
陥る
おちいる
A verb meaning to fall into an undesirable state. Used in situations of entering dangerous or difficult circumstances, as in「窮地に陥る」「混乱に陥る」.
AI-generated translation
N3
落ち込む
おちこむ
For one's spirits to sink and lose energy. Also used when a figure or condition drops, as in 「成績が落ち込む」 (grades decline).
AI-generated translation
N5
お茶
おちゃ
tea. A drink made by brewing with hot water. Often refers to Japanese green tea.
AI-generated translation
N5
お手洗い
おてあらい
A polite way of saying toilet.
AI-generated translation
N5
お父さん
おとうさん
A word for calling one's father. Also used to refer to someone else's father. When talking to others about one's own father, 「父」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N5
弟
おとうと
A younger brother, born after oneself. A younger sister is 「妹」.
AI-generated translation
N2
おどける
おどける
To deliberately clown around or make comical gestures in order to make people laugh. Used in expressions like 「おどけた表情」 and 「おどけて見せる」.
AI-generated translation
N5
男
おとこ
man. One of the sexes of a person. The antonym is 「女」 (woman).
AI-generated translation
N5
男の子
おとこのこ
boy. A male child.
AI-generated translation
N3
訪れる
おとずれる
To go to a place to visit a person or location. Also used when a season or time arrives, as in 「春が訪れる」 (spring arrives).
AI-generated translation
N5
一昨日
おととい
The day before yesterday. Read as 「おととい」. Often written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N5
一昨年
おととし
The year before last year. Read as 「おととし」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
大人
おとな
adult. A grown person, not a child. Read as 「おとな」.
AI-generated translation
N2
劣る
おとる
A state in which quality or ability is lower compared to others. Used as in 「性能が劣る」 or 「人後に劣らない」. A basic word expressing comparative superiority or inferiority, often appearing in formal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
衰える
おとろえる
Vigor or strength gradually weakening. Used in situations where the vitality of a person, organization, or nation declines over time, as in「体力が衰える」「国力が衰える」.
AI-generated translation
N5
お腹
おなか
The middle part of the body where food goes. Example: 「お腹がすく」 (to get hungry), 「お腹が痛い」 (to have a stomachache).
AI-generated translation
N5
同じ
おなじ
same. Having no difference. Example: 「同じ学校」 (the same school), 「同じ大きさ」 (the same size). The antonym is 「ちがう」 (different).
AI-generated translation
N5
お兄さん
おにいさん
A word for calling one's older brother. Someone else's older brother is also called 「お兄さん」.
AI-generated translation
N5
お姉さん
おねえさん
A word for calling one's older sister. Someone else's older sister is also called 「お姉さん」.
AI-generated translation
N5
おばあさん
おばあさん
An elderly woman. Also, one's father's or mother's mother.
AI-generated translation
N5
おばさん
おばさん
A word for one's father's or mother's sister. Also used for an unfamiliar adult woman. Written with the kanji 「伯母さん」 or 「叔母さん」, but usually written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N3
帯
おび
A long piece of cloth wrapped around the waist over a kimono. Example: 「帯を締める」 (to tie an obi). The paper wrapped around a book's cover is also called 「帯」 (obi/band).
AI-generated translation
N5
覚える
おぼえる
To take something into one's mind and not forget it. Example: 「ことばを覚える」 (to memorize words). The antonym is 「わすれる」 (to forget).
AI-generated translation
N3
溺れる
おぼれる
drown. To be unable to swim and be on the verge of dying in the water. Example: 「川で溺れる」 (to drown in a river). Also used to mean being absorbed in a bad pleasure, as in 「酒に溺れる」 (to be addicted to alcohol).
AI-generated translation
N3
お目に掛かる
おめにかかる
A humble way of saying 「会う」 (to meet). Example: 「一度お目に掛かりたいのですが」 (I would like to meet you once). Used when meeting someone of higher status.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
重い
おもい
A state requiring strength to lift. Example: 「重いかばん」 (a heavy bag). The antonym is 「軽い」 (light).
AI-generated translation
N2
思い当たる
おもいあたる
Realizing, with the help of some trigger, a memory or cause that had been vague until then. Used as in 「思い当たる節がある」 or 「そういえば思い当たる」. Carries the nuance of realizing something belatedly.
AI-generated translation
N2
思い切り
おもいきり
A state of not hesitating and putting forth all one's strength or feeling. Used adverbially as in 「思い切り走る」 or 「思い切り笑う」, expressing carrying out an action with full force without restraint. The adverbial usage derived from the conjunctive form is central, with a noun usage meaning "resolve."
AI-generated translation
N2
思い込む
おもいこむ
To deeply believe something and not consider other possibilities. Used as in 「勝手に思い込む」 or 「一方的に思い込む」, mostly in cases where one believes something without verifying whether it is true.
AI-generated translation
N2
思い遣り
おもいやり
A heart that considers others' feelings and circumstances and acts kindly. Used as in 「思い遣りのある人」 or 「思い遣りに欠ける」. A positive word expressing the attitude of putting oneself in the other person's position and showing care.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
面白い
おもしろい
A state of feeling like laughing, or feeling fun. Example: 「面白い話」 (an interesting story). Also used for books or work, meaning "interesting."
AI-generated translation
N2, N4
表
おもて
The side of something that faces forward or can be seen from the outside. The antonym is 「裏」 (the back/reverse side). The same 「表」 read as 「ひょう」 is a different word referring to something in which figures or items are arranged vertically and horizontally.
AI-generated translation
N3
主に
おもに
mainly. As the center. For the most part. Example: 「主に若い人が利用する」 (mainly used by young people), 「主に野菜を作っている」 (mainly grows vegetables).
AI-generated translation
N3
思わず
おもわず
Naturally, without intending to. Example: 「思わず笑ってしまった」 (couldn't help laughing), 「思わず声が出た」 (a sound escaped involuntarily).
AI-generated translation
N5
泳ぐ
およぐ
swim. To move through the water by moving one's hands and feet. Example: 「海で泳ぐ」 (to swim in the sea).
AI-generated translation
N2
及び腰
およびごし
Originally, an unstable half-crouched posture in which one cannot fully straighten the hips. By extension, it describes a hesitant attitude lacking confidence and passive, as if shrinking back. Used in expressions like 「及び腰で交渉に臨む」 and 「政府の及び腰な姿勢」.
AI-generated translation
N3
及ぶ
およぶ
For something to reach as far as a certain point. To spread. In the form 「〜に及ばない」, it means there is no need to do that.
AI-generated translation
N2
及ぼす
およぼす
To exert influence, damage, etc. on something else. Often combined with set nouns, as in 影響を及ぼす (have an effect on), 損害を及ぼす (cause damage to). 「及ぼす」 is used for the side that exerts the effect, and 「及ぶ」 for the side the effect reaches: 「影響を及ぼす」 versus 「影響が及ぶ」.
AI-generated translation
N2
折り返し
おりかえし
Turning back partway, or the point at which one turns back. By extension, it also means to reply or contact someone back promptly upon receiving their message. Frequently used as a business expression, as in 「折り返し電話する」 and 「折り返しご連絡ください」.
AI-generated translation
N2
折り紙
おりがみ
A game or craft of folding paper into shapes such as animals or flowers. Also refers to a guarantee by an authoritative person that something has assured value or skill, used idiomatically in the form 「折り紙つき」. The latter meaning derives from the fact that authentication certificates were folded papers.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.