tradition. Culture or a way of doing things that has been passed down since long ago. Example: 「伝統行事」 (a traditional event/festival).
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N3電波でんぱ
A wave that travels through space, used for communication in TVs, smartphones, etc. Example: 「電波が悪い」 (poor signal).
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N2添付てんぷ
To attach something else to a document, data, or the like.
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N2展望てんぼう
An outlook on the future, or looking widely over a scene. A formal word used in expressions such as 「今後の展望」「展望が開ける」 in contexts of predicting ahead or surveying the distance.
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N2転落てんらく
Falling and tumbling down from a high place. Used when a person or thing actually falls, as in 「階段から転落する」「車が谷に転落する」. From this, it also expresses suddenly sinking from a high position or a good condition into a bad state, referring to a sharp drop in rank or results, as in 「首位から転落する」「人生の転落」. It is a word often used in writing and in news reports.
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N5電話でんわ
telephone. A tool for talking with someone far away.
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N5戸と
door. The entrance to a house or room that can be opened and closed. Often made of wood or glass. In everyday Japanese, 「ドア」 is used more commonly than 「戸」
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N2問い合わせるといあわせる
Asking the other party about unclear points to confirm. Used for contact by phone, email, or at counters. Used in expressions such as 「在庫を問い合わせる」「役所に問い合わせる」.
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N2問いかけといかけ
A question or address directed at another person. Used in expressions such as 「哲学的な問いかけ」「静かな問いかけ」. Not limited to interrogative sentences but refers broadly to any approach seeking an answer.
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N2問い詰めるといつめる
Pressing the other party with question after question until they must answer. Used in expressions such as 「遅刻の理由を問い詰める」.
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N2問うとう
Asking the other party for an answer, or pursuing responsibility or guilt. Used in expressions such as 「真偽を問う」「責任を問う」. A somewhat formal written word.
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N5どうどう
how. A word for asking about a state or method. Example: 「どうですか」 (how is it?).
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N2倒壊とうかい
A building being destroyed and collapsing. Used in contexts of structures collapsing due to earthquakes or deterioration. Used in expressions such as 「家屋が倒壊する」.
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N2統合とうごう
To combine separate things into one.
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N2, N3動作どうさ
Movement of the body. Example: 「動作が速い」 (quick movements). Also used for the movement of machines, as in 「正常に動作する」 (to operate normally).
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N2透視とうし
Seeing through something that should not be visible. Used in contexts of seeing inside through supernatural ability or medical contexts of viewing the body's interior with X-rays. Used in expressions such as 「透視能力」「レントゲンで透視する」.
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N3当時とうじ
Back then. Refers to a certain period in the past. Example: 「当時は学生だった」 (was a student at that time).
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N3同時どうじ
The same time. Example: 「二人が同時に話し始めた」 (both started talking at the same time). Often used in the form 「〜と同時に」.
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N5どうしてどうして
why. A word for asking the reason.
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N3どうしてもどうしても
No matter what method one uses, by all means. Example: 「どうしても行きたい」 (I really want to go no matter what). When used with a negative, it means "no matter how hard one tries, cannot," as in 「どうしても思い出せない」 (just cannot remember no matter what).
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N3どうせどうせ
Expresses a feeling of resignation or giving up, based on the idea that the result will not change. 「どうせ間に合わない」. In the forms 「どうせ〜なら」「どうせ〜だから」, it expresses accepting an unchangeable premise and then choosing to act in a certain way on that basis. 「どうせやるなら早いほうがいい」「どうせ買うなら良い物にしたい」.
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N3当然とうぜん
Something that should naturally be the case, no matter who thinks about it. Example: 「当然の結果」 (a natural/expected result).
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N5どうぞどうぞ
Please (go ahead). A word said when offering or urging someone to do something. 「どうぞ、お入りください」(please, come in).
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N3到着とうちゃく
arrival. To reach one's destination. Example: 「到着時間」 (arrival time). The antonym is 「出発」 (departure).
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N2同封どうふう
To put something else into an envelope along with a letter.
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N5動物どうぶつ
animal. A living creature that can move.
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N3, N5どうもどうも
A spoken way of saying 「ありがとう」 (thank you). Also used as in 「どうもすみません」 (I'm so sorry).
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N2動揺どうよう
Feelings or situations becoming unstable and being shaken. Used in expressions such as 「心が動揺する」「株価の動揺」.
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N3, N5遠いとおい
far. A state where the distance is great. The antonym is 「近い」 (near).
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N5十日とおか
the 10th day; ten days. The tenth day of the month. It can also mean a period of ten days. It is the form made by adding 「か」 to 「とお」, and it is not read 「じゅうにち」.
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N2遠ざかるとおざかる
Distance or a relationship gradually becoming more removed, also becoming estranged. Used as in 「友人と遠ざかる」「政治から遠ざかる」.
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N3都会とかい
A lively town where many people gather. Example: 「都会の生活」 (city life). The antonym is 「田舎」 (countryside).
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N2度胸どきょう
Strength of spirit that allows one to face something without fear and stay calm.
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N2途切れるとぎれる
Something that was continuing being temporarily interrupted. Used in expressions such as 「会話が途切れる」「電波が途切れる」.
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N2, N3毒どく
poison. Something that is harmful if it enters the body. Example: 「毒キノコ」 (a poisonous mushroom). Also used as a metaphor for something harmful, as in 「体に毒だ」 (bad for the body).
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N2特異とくい
A characteristic differing from the ordinary and standing out in a special way. Used in expressions such as 「特異な才能」「特異な現象」. Used in formal written language.
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N2特産とくさん
A product that is specially produced in a certain region, unique to that area. Used in expressions such as 「地元の特産品」.
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N3独身どくしん
Not being married. Example: 「独身生活」 (single life).
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N3特徴とくちょう
A point that stands out and differs from others. Example: 「この町の特徴」 (a characteristic of this town).
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N2, N3独立どくりつ
independence. To manage on one's own without relying on others. Example: 「親から独立する」 (to become independent from one's parents). Also used to mean a country becoming a nation independent of control by another.
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N5時計とけい
clock. A tool for telling time.
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N2溶け込むとけこむ
To dissolve and mix into a liquid or gas. Used as in「砂糖が水に溶け込む」(sugar dissolves into water). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean that a person blends into a new environment or group and becomes a natural member of it, as in「新しい学校に溶け込む」(to fit in at a new school).
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N2床とこ
A place prepared for a person to sleep; a bed with bedding laid out. "床につく" means to go to bed and "床を離れる" means to get up, while a state of lying ill for a long time is called "病の床". The same "床" read as "ゆか" is a different word meaning the flat surface at the bottom of a room.
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N5どこどこ
where. A word for asking about a place.
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N3, N5所ところ
place. A location. Often written in hiragana as 「ところ」.
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N3登山とざん
To climb a mountain. Example: 「登山靴」 (hiking boots). The paired expression is 「下山」 (descending a mountain).
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N3都市とし
city. A town where many people live and which serves as a center of politics or economy. Example: 「大都市」 (a major city).
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N5年とし
year. A unit for the length of time. It is also used to mean a person's age. When counting years: いちねん・にねん・さんねん・よねん・ごねん…じゅうねん, and 「なんねん」. 4 is read 「よねん」.
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N2途上とじょう
The middle stage of something, or partway along the road to a destination. Used in expressions such as 「発展途上」「帰宅の途上」.
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N5図書館としょかん
library. A place where one can read or borrow books.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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