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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2
演じる
えんじる
To take on and express a role or part, or to perform an action in an exaggerated manner. Used in expressions like 「主役を演じる」 or 「茶番を演じる」. Besides roles in plays and films, it has a metaphorical usage for negative actions, as in 「醜態を演じる」.
AI-generated translation
N3
演説
えんぜつ
speech. To speak one's opinion or claim in front of a large audience. Example: 「選挙演説」 (election speech), 「演説会」 (speech rally).
AI-generated translation
N3
演奏
えんそう
musical performance. To play music using an instrument. Example: 「ピアノを演奏する」 (to play the piano), 「演奏会」 (concert).
AI-generated translation
N2
縁談
えんだん
Discussions about marriage, or marriage proposals. Used as in 「縁談を持ち込む」 or 「縁談が破談になる」. A formal word mainly referring to arranged marriages involving a third party, or marriages between families.
AI-generated translation
N2
縁日
えんにち
A day said to have a special connection with a particular deity or Buddha at a shrine or temple. Also refers to the festival or market held on that day. A word familiar as a feature of old downtown areas, used as in「縁日に出かける」「縁日の屋台」.
AI-generated translation
N2
円満
えんまん
A state of being harmonious and settled without friction. Used in expressions like 「円満な家庭」 and 「円満に解決する」.
AI-generated translation
N4
遠慮
えんりょ
To refrain from doing or saying what one wants, out of consideration for the other person. Example: 「遠慮しないで食べてください」 (please help yourself, no need to hold back). Also used to politely prohibit something, as in 「タバコはご遠慮ください」 (please refrain from smoking).
AI-generated translation
N2
遠路
えんろ
A long road or distant journey. 「遠路はるばる」 is a set phrase used in greetings like 「遠路はるばるお越しいただく」 to express gratitude to someone who has come from afar. In modern usage, it is almost exclusively used in this idiomatic expression.
AI-generated translation
N2
老い
おい
Growing old; also, the weakening of mind and body with age. 老いを感じる (feel one's age). The verb form is 老いる.
AI-generated translation
N3
追いかける
おいかける
chase. To run after something ahead of you in an attempt to catch up. Example: 「犯人を追いかける」 (to chase the criminal). Also used to mean pursuing something eagerly, as in 「流行を追いかける」 (to chase after trends).
AI-generated translation
N3
追いつく
おいつく
catch up. To go after something ahead and come alongside it. Example: 「先頭に追いつく」 (to catch up to the leader). Also used to mean a gap disappearing, as in 「勉強の遅れを取り戻して追いつく」 (to catch up after falling behind in studies).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
老いる
おいる
To grow old, with the mind and body weakening with age. Used as in 「老いた親」. Also used as a noun in the form 「老い」.
AI-generated translation
N4
お祝い
おいわい
Celebrating something good, such as a birthday or passing an exam. It also refers to an event held for that purpose, or to a gift or money given to convey a feeling of celebration. Examples: 「お祝いをする」 (to hold a celebration), 「お祝いをおくる」 (to send a congratulatory gift).
AI-generated translation
N2
往年
おうねん
The past that has gone by, especially the era when that person or thing was flourishing. Used as in 「往年の名選手」 or 「往年の面影」 in contexts of looking back at past glory or one's prime. Characteristically, it does not refer simply to "the old days," but specifically to a brilliant period in the past.
AI-generated translation
N2
応募
おうぼ
To apply in response to a call for applicants.
AI-generated translation
N2
往来
おうらい
The coming and going of people and vehicles, or the road on which they travel. Used in expressions like 「人の往来が激しい」 or 「往来で遊ぶな」. A formal word used in contexts about traffic or places.
AI-generated translation
N3
終える
おえる
finish. To bring something one was doing to an end. Example: 「仕事を終える」 (to finish work), 「一日を終える」 (to end the day). 「終える」 is used when someone brings something to a close, and 「終わる」 when it comes to an end of its own accord: 「仕事を終える」 versus 「仕事が終わる」. A somewhat formal word.
AI-generated translation
N3
大いに
おおいに
greatly. To a large degree. Example: 「大いに楽しむ」 (to greatly enjoy oneself), 「大いに期待する」 (to have high expectations). Used in written language or formal speech.
AI-generated translation
N2
覆う
おおう
To cover something from above and hide it, enveloping the whole. Used for situations where something is broadly enveloped over a surface, like cloth or snow.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
大柄
おおがら
A state of having a body larger than ordinary. Used as in 「大柄な男性」 or 「大柄な体格」 to express that a person's build is large. Also used in the meaning of large patterns on cloth or designs.
AI-generated translation
N2
大げさ
おおげさ
A state of showing or expressing things in a way that is exaggerated beyond reality. Used as in 「大げさに騒ぐ」 or 「大げさな身振り」. Carries the nuance that the speaker feels it is excessive.
AI-generated translation
N3
大家
おおや
landlord. The owner of a rental house or apartment. Example: 「大家さんに家賃を払う」 (to pay rent to the landlord). The side that rents the property out is the 「大家」, while the side that rents it and lives there is the 「店子」 or 「借り主」 (tenant). The same 「大家」 read as 「たいか」 is a different word referring to a person who is outstanding in a particular field.
AI-generated translation
N3, N4
おかげ
おかげ
When someone's help or a good influence becomes the source of a good result. It is almost always used in the form 「〜のおかげで」, and 「おかげ」 is rarely used on its own. Example:「先生のおかげで、ごうかくしました」(thanks to my teacher, I passed). In greetings, the set form 「おかげさまで」 is used to thank someone who has been concerned about you. For a bad result 「せい」 is used instead, but 「おかげ」 is sometimes used on purpose for a bad result, to blame someone sarcastically. It is written 「お陰」 in kanji, but hiragana is normal.
AI-generated translation
N4
おかしい
おかしい
A state that makes one want to laugh. Also used to mean something unusual and strange. Example: 「あじがおかしい」 (the taste is off).
AI-generated translation
N2
侵す
おかす
To wrongfully intrude on another person's territory or rights and cause harm. Although read the same way, 「冒す」 is used for facing danger and 「犯す」 for committing a crime. Note that the kanji changes depending on the meaning.
AI-generated translation
N3
沖
おき
A place far from the shore in the sea or a lake. Example: 「沖に船が見える」 (a ship can be seen offshore), 「沖に出て魚をとる」 (to go out to sea to fish).
AI-generated translation
N2
置き去り
おきざり
To leave a person or thing behind at a place and go away. Used in expressions like 「置き去りにされる」 and 「問題を置き去りにする」.
AI-generated translation
N3
奥
おく
A place that is far and deep from the entrance. Example: 「部屋の奥」 (the back of a room), 「山の奥」 (deep in the mountains). There is also the expression 「奥が深い」 (having great depth, not easily mastered).
AI-generated translation
N4
屋上
おくじょう
rooftop. The outdoor area at the very top of a building.
AI-generated translation
N2
臆病
おくびょう
The nature or state of being easily frightened even by trivial matters. Used as in 「臆病な性格」 or 「臆病風に吹かれる」. A na-adjective, used in the forms 「臆病だ」 or 「臆病な」. The antonym of 「大胆」.
AI-generated translation
N2
お蔵入り
おくらいり
For a plan or work to be shelved without being realized or released. Used in expressions like 「企画がお蔵入りになる」.
AI-generated translation
N4
贈り物
おくりもの
gift. Something given to a person. A present.
AI-generated translation
N3
贈る
おくる
present. To give someone something with feelings of gratitude or celebration. Example: 「花束を贈る」 (to give a bouquet of flowers), 「記念品を贈る」 (to give a commemorative gift). The homophone 「送る」 means to move an object or person, as in 「荷物を送る」 (to send a package), and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N4
送る
おくる
To deliver a person or thing from one place to another. Example: 「にもつを送る」 (to send luggage). Also used to mean accompanying someone to help them get back, as in 「えきまで送る」 (to see someone off to the station).
AI-generated translation
N4
遅れる
おくれる
To become later than a scheduled time. Example: 「じゅぎょうに遅れる」 (to be late for class).
AI-generated translation
N4
起こす
おこす
To wake up a sleeping person. Example: 「あさ、こどもを起こす」 (to wake up a child in the morning). Also used to mean standing up something that has fallen over.
AI-generated translation
N2
怠る
おこたる
A verb meaning to lazily fail to do what one ought to do. Used in situations of not fulfilling duties one is supposed to carry out, as in「注意を怠る」「義務を怠る」. While「怠ける」(using the same kanji) carries the general meaning of "being lazy to take it easy,"「怠る」is used with the nuance of failing to fulfill an obligation.
AI-generated translation
N4
行う
おこなう
To actually carry out something. Often used for events or exams, etc. Example: 「うんどうかいを行う」 (to hold a sports day).
AI-generated translation
N4
怒る
おこる
To feel angry because of something unpleasant. Example: 「大きいこえで怒る」 (to get angry in a loud voice). It also means to warn someone about their bad points in strong words. Examples: 「先生に怒られる」 (to be scolded by the teacher), 「母に怒られた」 (I was scolded by my mother). It is also read 「いかる」, and in that case it is mostly used in written language.
AI-generated translation
N3
幼い
おさない
Being young in age. Example: 「幼い子ども」 (a young child). Also used to mean being childish for one's age, as in 「考えが幼い」 (a childish way of thinking).
AI-generated translation
N2
おざなり
おざなり
To deal with something carelessly, just to get by for the moment. Used in expressions like 「おざなりな対応」 and 「おざなりに済ませる」. It is easily confused with 「なおざり」, but the difference is that おざなり means "doing something, but carelessly," while なおざり means "neglecting it entirely."
AI-generated translation
N2
治まる
おさまる
(1) For a country or society to become stable and for order to be maintained. 「世が治まる」. (2) For disorder or agitation to subside. 「怒りが治まる」. 「治める」 is used for the person who acts to calm something, and 「治まる」 for what calms down of its own accord: 「争いを治める」 versus 「争いが治まる」. In the meaning of pain subsiding, it is often written in hiragana as 「おさまる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
治める
おさめる
(1) To manage a country or society well and maintain order. 「国を治める」. (2) To calm disorder or conflict. 「争いを治める」. 「治める」 is used for the person who acts to calm something, and 「治まる」 for what calms down of its own accord: 「争いを治める」 versus 「争いが治まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
収める
おさめる
To put something neatly where it belongs (棚に収める "put away on a shelf"). From this, also to obtain a good result (成功を収める "achieve success", 利益を収める "make a profit"). Distinguished in writing from the homophones 納める (to pay or deliver money or goods), 治める (to govern, to settle a conflict), and 修める (to master learning or a skill). 「収める」 is used when someone puts something in place, and 「収まる」 when it settles into place by itself: 「棚に収める」 versus 「棚に収まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
惜しむ
おしむ
To feel regret about losing or giving something up, and to treasure it. Used as in 「別れを惜しむ」. Also used to mean being reluctant to spend or give something, as in 「骨身を惜しまず」.
AI-generated translation
N2
汚染
おせん
The mixing of harmful substances into air, water, or soil so that they are no longer clean. A formal word mainly dealing with environmental issues, used as in 「大気汚染」 or 「放射能汚染」. Can also be used metaphorically for the human heart and society.
AI-generated translation
N2
襲う
おそう
(1) To attack suddenly. 「敵が襲う」. (2) A disaster or emotion striking suddenly. 「台風が町を襲う」「不安が襲う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
お粗末
おそまつ
A state in which the quality or content of something is poor and embarrassing. Used in expressions like 「お粗末な結果」 and 「お粗末な計画」. It is also used by the person who served a meal, as in the humble greeting 「お粗末さまでした」.
AI-generated translation
N3
恐れる
おそれる
fear. To think something is scary. To worry about danger or failure. Example: 「失敗を恐れるな」 (don't fear failure), 「死を恐れる」 (to fear death). The noun form is 「恐れ」, which in expressions like 「雨の恐れがある」 means "worry/possibility."
AI-generated translation
N3
恐ろしい
おそろしい
frightening. Scary. Example: 「恐ろしい事件」 (a frightening incident). Also used to mean an extreme degree of something, as in 「恐ろしく速い」 (frighteningly fast).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.