future. Time yet to come. Example: 「将来のゆめ」 (a future dream).
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N2奨励しょうれい
The act of regarding a behavior as good and actively encouraging others to do it. Often used in contexts where governments or organizations promote it as a policy, in forms like 「読書を奨励する」「貯蓄奨励」.
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N2所感しょかん
An impression or opinion held about a certain matter. Used when delivering remarks in formal settings. Used in forms like 「所感を述べる」「新年の所感」.
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N2除去じょきょ
To remove something that is in the way or harmful.
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N4食事しょくじ
meal. Eating breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc.
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N4食堂しょくどう
A shop or room for eating meals.
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N4食料品しょくりょうひん
Food products. Example: 「食料品店」 (a grocery store).
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N2徐行じょこう
A vehicle or the like moving so slowly that it can stop immediately.
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N2所在しょざい
The place where a person or thing exists. It can also indicate where responsibility lies. Used as in 「所在を明らかにする」(to make clear where something is) or 「責任の所在」(the locus of responsibility).
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N2所持しょじ
To have something as one's own, including both physical possession and ownership. Used for "carrying on one's person" (as in 「免許証を所持する」 - to carry a license) as well as "owning/holding" (as in 「別荘を所持する」 - to own a villa). Used in formal contexts regarding documents, money, objects, rights, or assets.
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N4女性じょせい
woman. A polite way of referring to a female person.
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N2女装じょそう
A man dressing and appearing as a woman. A woman dressing and appearing as a man is called 「男装」.
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N4知らせるしらせる
To convey something to a person, letting them know. Example: 「けっかを知らせる」 (to inform of the result).
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N4調べるしらべる
To check something one doesn't know, by looking it up in a book or on the internet, etc.
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N2自立じりつ
To live or do things by one's own effort, without relying on others.
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N2侵害しんがい
The act of unjustly intruding upon another's rights or domain and causing harm. Used in forms like 「権利を侵害する」「プライバシーの侵害」.
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N2, N4人口じんこう
population. The number of people living in a certain country or town.
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N2審査しんさ
To examine an entry or a qualification in detail and decide whether it passes or fails, or how it ranks.
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N3真実しんじつ
The truth, with no lies in it.
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N2信者しんじゃ
A person who believes in a particular religion or teaching.
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N4神社じんじゃ
shrine. A Japanese building where a deity is enshrined.
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N2真珠しんじゅ
A round, beautiful gem formed inside a shellfish. Used as a jewel.
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N2進出しんしゅつ
To extend one's influence and advance into a new field or place. 「海外に進出する」「決勝に進出する」.
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N2信条しんじょう
A belief or principle of action that one firmly holds and is determined to uphold. Used in forms like 「信条とする」「政治信条」, expressing the conviction at the core of one's way of life.
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N2浸水しんすい
A house or piece of land being submerged in water due to flooding or the like.
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N4親切しんせつ
kind. To do something for another person's benefit, wholeheartedly.
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N2親善しんぜん
The maintenance of friendly and good relationships between nations, organizations, or people. Used in forms like 「親善試合」「親善大使」 in contexts of exchange or friendship.
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N3新鮮しんせん
Fish or vegetables being fresh. Also used to mean something novel and lively, as in 「新鮮な驚き」 (a fresh surprise).
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N2深層しんそう
The deep part of something that does not appear on the surface. 「心の深層」. The paired opposite word is 「表層」.
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N2真相しんそう
The true state of affairs hidden behind what appears on the surface. Used in situations of uncovering hidden facts, as in 「真相を究明する」.
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N2迅速じんそく
A response or movement being very quick. The paired opposite word is 「緩慢」.
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N3慎重しんちょう
The state of being careful and not acting rashly. Used in forms like 「慎重に検討する」「慎重な判断」, expressing the careful handling of matters to avoid failure.
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N2進捗しんちょく
Work or a plan progressing smoothly. 「進捗状況」.
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N2振動しんどう
An object shaking or vibrating in small, repeated movements.
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N4心配しんぱい
A feeling of unease from thinking something might not go well. Example: 「けんこうが心配だ」 (worried about one's health).
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N4新聞社しんぶんしゃ
A company that produces and publishes newspapers.
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N2親密しんみつ
A relationship between people that is very close and deeply connected. Used in forms like 「親密な間柄」「親密な関係」.
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N2人脈じんみゃく
A word indicating a network of human relationships built up in work or social life. Used in forms like 「人脈を広げる」「人脈を生かす」. Particularly valued in business contexts.
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N3図ず
diagram. Something that shows the structure or relationships of things clearly using lines or drawings. Example: 「図で説明する」 (to explain with a diagram).
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N4水泳すいえい
swimming. To swim, and the sport of doing so.
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N2衰退すいたい
The decline of momentum or power into a state inferior to before. A formal word used in forms like 「産業が衰退する」「伝統文化の衰退」 in contexts where the strength of large entities such as nations, industries, cultures, or organizations diminishes.
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N2垂直すいちょく
The state of being straight at a right angle to a horizontal plane. A formal word used in forms like 「垂直に立てる」「垂直な壁」 expressing exact perpendicularity in a geometric or physical sense. Also used metaphorically, as in 「垂直統合」.
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N4水道すいどう
The facility that brings water to homes. Water coming out of a faucet.
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N2随分ずいぶん
A state in which the degree greatly exceeds expectation. Used in forms like 「随分変わった」「随分遠い」 with the speaker's intuitive evaluation. Used in both spoken and written language, often combined with 「〜なものだ」「〜だね」.
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N2水没すいぼつ
The state of buildings or land sinking under water and disappearing from view. A formal word used in forms like 「川の氾濫で村が水没する」「地下駐車場が水没した」, expressing flood damage from inundation or accidents.
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N2水脈すいみゃく
An underground waterway. Refers to a stream of groundwater that gathers and flows in a band. Used in expressions like 「水脈を掘り当てる」「水脈を探る」, and also metaphorically for invisible currents such as 「思想の水脈」 (a current of thought).
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N4数学すうがく
mathematics. The subject in which one studies numbers and calculation.
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N3数字すうじ
numeral. A character used to represent a number. 1, 2, 3, etc. Also used to mean things related to calculation or statistics, as in 「数字に強い」 (good with numbers).
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N2図々しいずうずうしい
A manner of acting without restraint, with no concern for the trouble caused to others. A colloquial word expressing negative evaluation of someone who unhesitatingly demands or acts without regard for others, used in forms like 「図々しい態度」「図々しく頼む」.
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N2据え置きすえおき
To place something in a designated spot and leave it there without moving it. By extension, it means to keep fees, prices, systems, and the like unchanged. Used in expressions like 「据え置き型エアコン」, 「料金据え置き」, and 「金利据え置き」. A formal word used in economic and administrative contexts, expressing a deliberate decision not to change something even when a change is expected.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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