To pay money for something; also, the expense itself. 「出費がかさむ」.
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N3首都しゅと
The town that is the center of a country. The town where a country's government is located. The similarly-starting word 「主題」 (theme) is a different word.
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N4趣味しゅみ
hobby. Something one does in one's free time out of liking it.
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N2寿命じゅみょう
(1) The length of time a life lasts. 「寿命がのびる」. (2) The period during which something can be used. 「電池の寿命」.
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N2樹木じゅもく
A tree growing in the ground; a standing tree.
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N2樹立じゅりつ
To newly establish a record, system, or the like. 「記録を樹立する」.
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N2循環じゅんかん
The act of passing through a fixed route and repeatedly returning to the starting point. Used in forms like 「血液の循環」「資金の循環」.
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N4紹介しょうかい
introduction. To tell someone who doesn't know a person or thing about them. Example: 「じこ紹介」 (self-introduction).
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N4正月しょうがつ
The special time at the start of the year. January.
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N4小学校しょうがっこう
elementary school. A school attended for 6 years starting at age 6.
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N4小説しょうせつ
novel. A storybook created by a writer.
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N3状態じょうたい
condition. The state of a person or matter at a given time. Example: 「健康状態」 (health condition), 「よい状態を保つ」 (to maintain a good condition).
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N4招待しょうたい
invitation. To invite someone to a party or meal, etc.
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N4承知しょうち
To understand and accept something. Close in meaning to 「かしこまりました」, also used toward superiors. Example: 「承知しました」 (understood/certainly).
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N2焦点しょうてん
Originally refers to the point where light converges, as through a magnifying glass. By extension, it also refers to the central point where interest or attention concentrates most. Used as in 「議論の焦点」(the focus of a discussion) or 「焦点を絞る」(to narrow down the focus).
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N4将来しょうらい
future. Time yet to come. Example: 「将来のゆめ」 (a future dream).
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N2奨励しょうれい
The act of regarding a behavior as good and actively encouraging others to do it. Often used in contexts where governments or organizations promote it as a policy, in forms like 「読書を奨励する」「貯蓄奨励」.
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N2所感しょかん
An impression or opinion held about a certain matter. Used when delivering remarks in formal settings. Used in forms like 「所感を述べる」「新年の所感」.
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N2除去じょきょ
To remove something that is in the way or harmful.
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N4食事しょくじ
meal. Eating breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc.
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N4食堂しょくどう
A shop or room for eating meals.
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N4食料品しょくりょうひん
Food products. Example: 「食料品店」 (a grocery store).
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N2徐行じょこう
A vehicle or the like moving so slowly that it can stop immediately.
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N2所在しょざい
The place where a person or thing exists. It can also indicate where responsibility lies. Used as in 「所在を明らかにする」(to make clear where something is) or 「責任の所在」(the locus of responsibility).
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N2所持しょじ
To have something as one's own, including both physical possession and ownership. Used for "carrying on one's person" (as in 「免許証を所持する」 - to carry a license) as well as "owning/holding" (as in 「別荘を所持する」 - to own a villa). Used in formal contexts regarding documents, money, objects, rights, or assets.
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N4女性じょせい
woman. A polite way of referring to a female person.
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N2女装じょそう
A man dressing and appearing as a woman. A woman dressing and appearing as a man is called 「男装」.
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N4知らせるしらせる
To convey something to a person, letting them know. Example: 「けっかを知らせる」 (to inform of the result).
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N4調べるしらべる
To check something one doesn't know, by looking it up in a book or on the internet, etc.
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N2自立じりつ
To live or do things by one's own effort, without relying on others.
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N2侵害しんがい
The act of unjustly intruding upon another's rights or domain and causing harm. Used in forms like 「権利を侵害する」「プライバシーの侵害」.
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N2, N4人口じんこう
population. The number of people living in a certain country or town.
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N2審査しんさ
To examine an entry or a qualification in detail and decide whether it passes or fails, or how it ranks.
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N3真実しんじつ
The truth, with no lies in it.
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N2信者しんじゃ
A person who believes in a particular religion or teaching.
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N4神社じんじゃ
shrine. A Japanese building where a deity is enshrined.
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N2真珠しんじゅ
A round, beautiful gem formed inside a shellfish. Used as a jewel.
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N2進出しんしゅつ
To extend one's influence and advance into a new field or place. 「海外に進出する」「決勝に進出する」.
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N2信条しんじょう
A belief or principle of action that one firmly holds and is determined to uphold. Used in forms like 「信条とする」「政治信条」, expressing the conviction at the core of one's way of life.
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N2浸水しんすい
A house or piece of land being submerged in water due to flooding or the like.
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N4親切しんせつ
kind. To do something for another person's benefit, wholeheartedly.
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N2親善しんぜん
The maintenance of friendly and good relationships between nations, organizations, or people. Used in forms like 「親善試合」「親善大使」 in contexts of exchange or friendship.
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N3新鮮しんせん
Fish or vegetables being fresh. Also used to mean something novel and lively, as in 「新鮮な驚き」 (a fresh surprise).
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N2深層しんそう
The deep part of something that does not appear on the surface. 「心の深層」. The paired opposite word is 「表層」.
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N2真相しんそう
The true state of affairs hidden behind what appears on the surface. Used in situations of uncovering hidden facts, as in 「真相を究明する」.
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N2迅速じんそく
A response or movement being very quick. The paired opposite word is 「緩慢」.
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N3慎重しんちょう
The state of being careful and not acting rashly. Used in forms like 「慎重に検討する」「慎重な判断」, expressing the careful handling of matters to avoid failure.
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N2進捗しんちょく
Work or a plan progressing smoothly. 「進捗状況」.
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N2振動しんどう
An object shaking or vibrating in small, repeated movements.
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N4心配しんぱい
A feeling of unease from thinking something might not go well. Example: 「けんこうが心配だ」 (worried about one's health).
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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