air temperature. The degree of warmth or coldness of the air. Example: 「気温が上がる」 (the temperature rises), 「最高気温」 (the highest temperature).
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N2危害きがい
It refers to causing harm to a person's body or life. Used in expressions like 「危害を加える」 or 「危害を及ぼす」. It is mostly used in combination with 「加える/及ぶ/加えられる」, and is a formal word frequently appearing in journalism and law.
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N3議会ぎかい
The place where elected members gather to decide important matters. Example: 「市議会」 (city assembly), 「議会で話し合う」 (to discuss in the assembly).
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N4機会きかい
A good time to do something. A chance. Example: 「話す機会がない」 (no chance to talk).
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N2規格きかく
「規」 means rule, and 「格」 means an established form; together they refer to a determined form. It refers to a standard for unifying the shape, dimensions, or quality of a product or material. Used in expressions like 「規格に合う」 or 「規格外」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in industrial and manufacturing contexts.
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N3企画きかく
To think up and create a plan in order to do something. That plan.
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N1, N2機関きかん
An organization or system created for a particular purpose. 教育機関 (educational institution), 報道機関 (news organization). Also refers to a device that converts energy into power (蒸気機関 "steam engine").
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N3期間きかん
period. A span of time fixed as from when to when. Example: 「試験期間」 (exam period), 「期間限定」 (limited-time only). The homophone 「機関」 refers to an organization or system, and is written differently.
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N2危機きき
「危」 means dangerous, and 「機」 means a sign or critical situation; together they refer to a dangerous situation. It refers to an imminent dangerous state that could lead to a bad outcome. Used in expressions like 「危機に陥る」 or 「危機を脱する」. It is a somewhat formal word also frequently appearing in compounds like 「経済危機」 or 「環境危機」.
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N2聞き流すききながす
It refers to lightly letting another's words pass without taking them seriously. Used in expressions like 「忠告を聞き流す」 or 「悪口を聞き流す」, it is a verb used both in negative and positive senses.
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N2危急ききゅう
「危」 means dangerous, and 「急」 means imminent; together they mean that danger is imminent. Used in expressions like 「危急の事態」 or 「危急存亡」, it is a formal word used in urgent and serious situations. It is used more in journalism and historical writing than in everyday conversation.
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N3企業きぎょう
enterprise. An organization that carries out business for profit. Example: 「大企業」 (a large company), 「企業に勤める」 (to work at a company). More formal than 「会社」, used in news and documents.
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N2戯曲ぎきょく
A script written to be performed on stage. A literary work made up of dialogue and stage directions.
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N2聞き分けるききわける
It refers to listening and distinguishing among multiple sounds or voices, or to understanding and accepting what the other person says. Used in expressions like 「物音を聞き分ける」 or 「言うことを聞き分ける」, it is a verb used in multiple senses.
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N3効くきく
For the effect of a medicine or method, etc., to clearly appear. Example: 「薬が効く」 (medicine works), 「宣伝が効く」 (advertising is effective). The homophone 「利く」 means that a certain function is possible, as in 「気が利く」 (to be considerate/perceptive), 「無理が利く」 (to be able to push oneself), and is written differently.
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N3, N5聞くきく
To take in a sound or voice with one's ears. Example: 「音楽を聞く」 (to listen to music). Also used to mean asking, as in 「先生に聞く」 (to ask the teacher).
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N2喜劇きげき
A play with a happy ending, intended to make people laugh. The word with the opposite meaning is 「悲劇」.
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N2起源きげん
The origin from which something first arose; the beginning.
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N2棄権きけん
To voluntarily refrain from exercising a right one holds. Used in elections and competitions.
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N4危険きけん
A state of being dangerous. A state where injury or accident might occur. The antonym is 「安全」 (safety).
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N3気候きこう
climate. The tendency of the weather in a certain place, seen over a long period. Example: 「温暖な気候」 (a warm climate), 「気候の変化」 (climate change). For the state of the sky over a short period, 「天気」 or 「天候」 is used instead.
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N4聞こえるきこえる
For sound or a voice to reach one's ears. Example: 「うたが聞こえる」 (a song can be heard).
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N2着こなすきこなす
It refers to wearing clothing skillfully so that it suits oneself. Used in expressions like 「スーツを着こなす」 or 「個性的な服を着こなす」, it is a somewhat formal verb used when speaking about fashion.
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N3記事きじ
article. Writing published in a newspaper, magazine, etc. Example: 「新聞記事」 (a newspaper article), 「記事を読む」 (to read an article).
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N3記者きしゃ
reporter. A person who gathers information and writes articles for a newspaper, TV, etc. Example: 「新聞記者」 (a newspaper reporter), 「記者会見」 (a press conference).
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N4技術ぎじゅつ
technology. Skill or method for making things or carrying out tasks.
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N2気丈きじょう
It refers to maintaining a strong heart without complaining, even when facing sorrow or difficulty. Used in expressions like 「気丈に振る舞う」 or 「気丈な人」. It is a somewhat formal word used when positively evaluating someone in adverse circumstances.
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N3傷きず
A part of the skin or an object's surface that has been damaged by cutting or bumping into something. Example: 「傷が治る」 (a wound heals), 「机に傷がつく」 (a desk gets scratched). Also used to mean emotional hurt, as in 「心の傷」 (an emotional wound).
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N2規制きせい
It refers to the government and the like restricting specific acts or activities. Used in expressions like 「規制を設ける」 or 「規制を強化する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in legal and administrative contexts, with many compound words such as 「規制緩和」 or 「自主規制」.
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N4季節きせつ
season. Each of the four seasons within a year: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
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N2偽装ぎそう
「偽」means to deceive, 「装」means to disguise; together they express disguising through deception. Refers to making something appear as something else in order to deceive. Used in expressions like「身分を偽装する」(to disguise one's identity)、「偽装工作」(camouflage operation). The character「擬装」may also be used, but「偽装」is the common form in modern usage. A formal word frequently appearing in crime reports and political contexts, often implying malicious intent.
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N2偽造ぎぞう
「偽」 means to falsify, and 「造」 means to make; together they mean to make through falsification. It refers to making fake items resembling real ones. Used in expressions like 「偽造紙幣」 or 「偽造書類」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in crime news and legal contexts, clearly referring to an illegal act.
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N4規則きそく
A rule that everyone must follow. Example: 「学校の規則」 (school rules).
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N5北きた
north. One of the directions. The antonym is 「南」 (south).
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N3期待きたい
expectation. To wait, counting on things turning out well. Example: 「活躍を期待する」 (to have high expectations for someone's performance), 「期待にこたえる」 (to live up to expectations).
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N3鍛えるきたえる
Originally a word meaning to make metal stronger by striking it. From this, it came to be used metaphorically for strengthening body and mind through training and practice. Used in expressions like 「体を鍛える」 or 「精神を鍛える」, it is a somewhat formal verb frequently appearing in martial arts, sports, and education in the sense of enhancing physical and mental abilities.
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N3帰宅きたく
To return to one's own home. Example: 「帰宅時間」 (the time one gets home), 「まっすぐ帰宅する」 (to go straight home). More formal than 「帰る」.
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N5汚いきたない
dirty. Being dirty. Example: 「汚い手」 (dirty hands). Also used when a room is not tidy. The antonym is 「きれい」 (clean).
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N3貴重きちょう
precious. Being extremely important and valuable. Example: 「貴重な経験」 (a valuable experience), 「貴重品」 (valuables).
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N3議長ぎちょう
chairperson. The person whose role is to run a meeting. Example: 「議長を務める」 (to serve as chairperson).
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N2気遣いきづかい
「気」 means feeling, and 「遣う」 means to use; together they mean to use one's feelings, that is, to think of others and pay attention to them. Used in expressions like 「お気遣いありがとうございます」 or 「細やかな気遣い」. It is a word expressing polite consideration that smooths human relationships.
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N5喫茶店きっさてん
A shop for drinking coffee or tea. The word 「カフェ」 (cafe) is also commonly used.
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N5切手きって
stamp. Something stuck on an envelope when sending a letter. Bought at a post office, etc.
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N5切符きっぷ
ticket. A small paper bought when getting on a train or bus.
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N2規定きてい
An official rule that determines how something is to be done.
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N2軌道きどう
(1) The fixed path along which a celestial body or artificial satellite moves. 「地球の軌道」. (2) The course along which something proceeds smoothly. 「事業が軌道に乗る」.
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N2気長きなが
「気」 means feeling, and 「長」 means long; together they describe maintaining one's feelings in a long, leisurely way. It refers to the disposition of being able to wait calmly without hurrying. Used in expressions like 「気長に待つ」 or 「気長な性格」. It is a somewhat formal word that positively expresses patience, and is the antonym of 「気短」.
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N4絹きぬ
silk. A soft, beautiful thread or cloth made from an insect called a silkworm.
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N4記念きねん
To do something, or something left behind, so as not to forget. Example: 「記念しゃしん」 (a commemorative photo).
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N5昨日きのう
yesterday. The day before today. Also read 「さくじつ」, used in formal situations.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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