A state of being in a lower place. Example: 「テーブルの下」 (under the table). The antonym is 「上」 (above).
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N2, N4時代じだい
era. A period within history. Example: 「江戸時代」 (the Edo period). Also used to mean the present time, as in 「今の時代」 (the present day).
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N2下請けしたうけ
For part of the work one company has taken on to be further taken on by another company; also, that company itself.
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N2, N3従うしたがう
obey. To act according to what someone says or a rule. Example: 「指示に従う」 (to follow instructions), 「規則に従う」 (to obey the rules). Also used to mean going along something, as in 「川に従って歩く」 (to walk along a river).
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N4下着したぎ
underwear. Clothing worn close to the skin, under one's outer clothes.
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N3支度したく
Preparation for doing something. Example: 「しょくじの支度」 (preparing a meal).
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N2下心したごころ
An unfavorable thought or motive that one secretly holds without showing it.
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N2親しむしたしむ
(1) To feel close to someone and get along well with them. 「友と親しむ」. (2) To have frequent contact with something and become familiar with it. 「自然に親しむ」.
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N2仕立てるしたてる
The act of making clothing from fabric. It also means to prepare or shape a person or object into a particular role or state. Used in forms like 「スーツを仕立てる」「一人前に仕立てる」.
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N2下取りしたどり
When selling a new item, taking the customer's old item in exchange and giving a discount for it.
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N2下火したび
Momentum passing its peak and beginning to decline. 「ブームが下火になる」.
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N2自治じち
To decide and manage one's own affairs by oneself. 「地方自治」.
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N5七しち
seven. The number 7. It is also read 「なな」, and in spoken language 「なな」 is used more often. The reading changes depending on the word, as in 「七つ（ななつ）」「七日（なのか）」.
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N5七月しちがつ
The 7th month of the year. It is read 「しちがつ」, not 「なながつ」.
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N2失格しっかく
To fail to meet a necessary qualification or condition and thereby lose that status.
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N4しっかりしっかり
A strong, reliable manner. Example: 「しっかりつかまる」 (to hold on tight). Also used to mean being serious and proper.
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N2質素しっそ
A plain, modest appearance without decoration. The paired opposite word is 「ぜいたく」.
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N2実態じったい
The true, unembellished condition of something as it actually is. 「実態に合わない」.
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N4失敗しっぱい
failure. For something one tried to do to not go well.
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N2実費じっぴ
The actual cost incurred; the amount that covers only what was spent, without including any profit.
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N2執筆しっぴつ
The act of writing texts or works. Particularly used for writing texts of substantial length and coherence, such as books, theses, or articles. Used in forms like 「小説を執筆する」「執筆活動」.
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N5質問しつもん
question. To ask someone about something one doesn't understand.
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N4辞典じてん
dictionary. A book explaining the meanings of words.
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N5自転車じてんしゃ
bicycle. A two-wheeled vehicle that moves by pedaling with the feet.
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N5自動車じどうしゃ
Automobile; car. A vehicle that runs on an engine and carries people or goods. Almost the same meaning as 「車」, but a more formal way of saying it.
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N4品物しなもの
Something that is sold or bought. Merchandise.
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N5死ぬしぬ
die. For life to end.
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N3支払うしはらう
pay. To hand over money as payment for goods or services. Example: 「料金を支払う」 (to pay a fee). A more formal way of saying 「払う」, used in business and documents. The noun form is 「支払い」.
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N4しばらくしばらく
A short while. Example: 「しばらくお待ちください」 (please wait a moment). Also used to mean a long time, as in 「しばらく会っていない」 (haven't met in a while).
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N2渋いしぶい
An astringent taste, like that of unripe fruit, that puckers the tongue. Also, having an understated, subdued charm with refined depth rather than flashiness. Furthermore, it can describe a sour, displeased facial expression or a stingy attitude toward money. Used as in 「渋いお茶」「渋い色」「渋い俳優」「渋い顔をする」.
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N2至福しふく
The highest possible sense of happiness; supreme bliss. Used in forms like 「至福のひととき」「至福の時」.
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N5自分じぶん
A word referring to the speaker themselves. Also used to mean "by oneself," as in 「自分で作る」 (to make it oneself).
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N3死亡しぼう
For a person to die. Example: 「事故で死亡する」 (to die in an accident), 「死亡者」 (a deceased person). A formal way of saying 「死ぬ」, used in news and documents.
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N2絞るしぼる
The act of applying force to press out liquid or contents. It also means to narrow down a target, scope, or output. Used in forms like 「タオルを絞る」「議題を絞る」「声を絞る」.
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N2資本しほん
The funds needed as the source for conducting business or production activities. Used in forms like 「資本を投じる」「資本金」.
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N4島しま
island. Land surrounded by sea.
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N3姉妹しまい
sisters. Older and younger sisters. Example: 「三人姉妹」 (three sisters). Also used to mean two things bound by a deep relationship, as in 「姉妹都市」 (sister city), 「姉妹校」 (sister school). For brothers, 「兄弟」 is used.
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N2始末しまつ
(1) The cleanup or handling of a matter afterward. 「後始末」. (2) An unfavorable outcome or result. 「泣き出す始末だ」.
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N5閉まるしまる
For a door, shop, etc., to become closed. Example: 「店が閉まる」 (a shop closes). When closing it oneself, 「閉める」 is used. The antonym is 「開く」 (to open).
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N4市民しみん
A person who lives in that city.
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N4事務所じむしょ
A building or room where office work is done.
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N2使命しめい
An important duty that one is expected to fulfill. 「使命感」.
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N3示すしめす
indicate. To show or point at something so the other person understands. Example: 「地図で道を示す」 (to show the way on a map), 「例を示す」 (to give an example), 「関心を示す」 (to show interest).
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N3占めるしめる
occupy. To hold a certain place or proportion for oneself. Example: 「過半数を占める」 (to hold a majority), 「大きな部分を占める」 (to occupy a large portion).
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N5閉めるしめる
To close a door or window, etc. Example: 「まどを閉める」 (to close a window). When it closes on its own, 「閉まる」 is used. The antonym is 「開ける」 (to open).
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N5締めるしめる
To tightly tie or fasten a string, belt, etc. Example: 「ネクタイを締める」 (to tie a necktie). Same reading as 「閉める」, but a different word.
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N3霜しも
frost. Fine ice that forms on the ground or the surface of things during a cold night. Example: 「霜が降りる」 (frost forms).
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N5じゃじゃ
Well then (casual). A word said when starting to talk or when parting. A casual way of saying 「では」.
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N3, N4社会しゃかい
society. The world in which people gather and live together.
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N2社交しゃこう
The act of people gathering and interacting with one another. It also refers to the etiquette and skills needed for it. Used in forms like 「社交の場」「社交的な性格」.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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