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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
顕著
けんちょ
「顕」 means to appear, and 「著」 means conspicuous; the word combines two synonymous characters. It is a word expressing being conspicuously prominent. Used in expressions like 「顕著な傾向」 or 「効果が顕著に表れる」, it is used when a change or feature is clear to anyone. It frequently appears in formal writing about data or trends.
AI-generated translation
N1
喧伝
けんでん
A word meaning to widely proclaim something to the public. Used in expressions like「成果を喧伝する」, it often carries a negative nuance of excessive promotion.
AI-generated translation
N1
権謀術数
けんぼうじゅっすう
「権謀」refers to schemes for power, 「術数」refers to means of manipulating others; together they form a four-character idiom meaning cunning and devious schemes used to deceive and manipulate others to achieve one's goals. Used in expressions like「権謀術数を巡らす」(to plot schemes)、「権謀術数に長ける」(to be skilled in machinations), referring to maneuvers used in political or organizational power struggles to bring down opponents. A formal word used with a negative connotation.
AI-generated translation
N1
けんもほろろ
けんもほろろ
It describes a manner of coldly and curtly rejecting another's request or appeal. Used in the form 「けんもほろろに断られる」, in situations of describing a cold response that gives no foothold at all.
AI-generated translation
N1
源流
げんりゅう
It refers to the origin or source from which something began. Used in expressions like 「文化の源流」 or 「思想の源流」, it is most often used metaphorically for the great source leading up to the present. Originally it refers to the upper reaches or headwaters of a river.
AI-generated translation
N5
個
こ
counter for small objects. A word for counting small, round things such as apples and eggs. いっこ・にこ・さんこ・よんこ・ごこ・ろっこ・ななこ・はっこ・きゅうこ・じゅっこ, 「なんこ」. With 1, 6, 8, and 10 a small 「っ」 is inserted.
AI-generated translation
N1
高圧的
こうあつてき
「高圧」 originally means high pressure and refers to physically strong pressure, as in high-voltage power lines or high-pressure gas. From this, the term came to be used metaphorically for a strong attitude that presses down on others from above. Used in expressions like 「高圧的な態度」 or 「高圧的に出る」, in critical contexts of human relations or negotiations.
AI-generated translation
N5
公園
こうえん
park. A large open place anyone can enter to rest or play.
AI-generated translation
N1
高貴
こうき
It refers to being of high status and having dignity. Used in expressions like 「高貴な家柄」 or 「高貴な香り」, it is a somewhat archaic word expressing the elegance and formality of people or things.
AI-generated translation
N1
高潔
こうけつ
「高」 means noble, and 「潔」 means pure and free from impurity. It describes a noble character that is pure and free from greed or baseness. Used in expressions like 「高潔な人格」 or 「高潔の士」, it is a formal word used to strongly praise a person's character.
AI-generated translation
N1
豪語
ごうご
「豪」 means grand or exaggerated, and 「語」 means to speak. It refers to declaring grand things with full confidence. Used in expressions like 「優勝を豪語する」 or 「豪語してはばからない」, it is a word with a slightly ironic tone, describing the attitude of making boastful claims.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
交差
こうさ
Two or more lines or roads crossing each other.
AI-generated translation
N5
交差点
こうさてん
A place where roads cross. Often has a traffic light.
AI-generated translation
N1
公算
こうさん
「公」 means public or objective, and 「算」 means to calculate; together they refer to a likelihood that has been objectively calculated. It refers to the likelihood or prospect that something will turn out a certain way. Used in expressions like 「公算が大きい」 or 「公算が高い」, it is a formal word used when stating a forecast in newspapers and news reports.
AI-generated translation
N1
鉱床
こうしょう
「鉱」 means mineral, and 「床」 means a place or layer where matter accumulates; together they refer to a place where minerals form a layer. It refers to a place underground where minerals that can be mined are concentrated. It is a somewhat specialized formal word used in geological and resource development contexts, as in 「銅の鉱床」 or 「鉱床を発見する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
強情
ごうじょう
「強」 means strong, and 「情」 means temperament or feeling; together they mean a strong and stubborn temperament. It refers to not changing one's view and stubbornly pushing it through. Used in expressions like 「強情を張る」 or 「強情な性格」, it is a word expressing an inflexible attitude.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
洪水
こうずい
A river overflowing due to heavy rain or the like, leaving the land flooded. Also used figuratively, as in 「情報の洪水」.
AI-generated translation
N1
傲然
ごうぜん
「傲」 means to be arrogant and to look down on others. It describes an attitude of acting haughtily and looking down on those around. Used in expressions like 「傲然と言い放つ」 or 「傲然たる態度」, it is a formal word expressing strong arrogance.
AI-generated translation
N1
豪胆
ごうたん
「豪」 means strong and vigorous, and 「胆」 originally refers to the gallbladder, an internal organ, and is used as a metaphor for courage. It describes a character that has nerve and is rarely shaken by anything. Used in expressions like 「豪胆な人物」 or 「豪胆にふるまう」, it is a formal word expressing a brave and firmly resolved character.
AI-generated translation
N5
紅茶
こうちゃ
Tea with a reddish-brown color. Often drunk with milk or sugar.
AI-generated translation
N1
拘泥
こうでい
「拘」 means to hold or detain, and 「泥」 originally means to be stuck in mud and unable to move, from which it came to mean to cling. It refers to being caught up in trivial details and unable to move forward. Used in expressions like 「形式に拘泥する」 or 「過去に拘泥する」, it is a formal word for criticizing an inflexible attitude.
AI-generated translation
N1
荒廃
こうはい
For land or a building to fall into ruin and become desolate. It is also used to mean that a person's heart becomes desolate and loses its warmth.
AI-generated translation
N1
業腹
ごうはら
「業」 is a Buddhist term meaning intense anger and irritation, and 「腹」 means the belly, used as a metaphor for the place where feelings of anger build up. It refers to being so angry that one cannot bear it. Used in expressions like 「業腹だ」 or 「業腹でならない」, it is an archaic and formal word expressing strong anger or chagrin.
AI-generated translation
N5
交番
こうばん
A small building where a police officer is stationed. A place to ask for directions or report lost items.
AI-generated translation
N1
傲慢
ごうまん
「傲」 means arrogant, and 「慢」 means to belittle; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the attitude of believing oneself to be the best and looking down on others. Used in expressions like 「傲慢な態度」 or 「傲慢にふるまう」, it is a formal word used to strongly criticize a person's character or attitude.
AI-generated translation
N5
声
こえ
voice. A sound made from the mouth by a person or animal. Example: 「大きな声で話す」 (to speak in a loud voice).
AI-generated translation
N1
枯渇
こかつ
「枯」 means for plants to wither, and 「渇」 means for water to dry up; both characters describe natural phenomena of drying up. From this, the word came to be used metaphorically for water, resources, money, or ideas being exhausted to the bottom. Used in expressions like 「資源の枯渇」 or 「資金が枯渇する」, it is a formal word used in contexts where something necessary runs out.
AI-generated translation
N5
五月
ごがつ
The 5th month of the year.
AI-generated translation
N1
極悪
ごくあく
「極」 means utmost, and 「悪」 means bad; together they mean bad to the utmost. It refers to being bad beyond all measure. Used in expressions like 「極悪非道」 or 「極悪人」, it is a formal word for situations of strongly condemning crimes or cruel acts.
AI-generated translation
N1
極意
ごくい
「極」 means to reach the extreme, and 「意」 means heart or insight; together they refer to the insight at the state of utmost mastery. It refers to the most important and profound insight in learning, the arts, or martial arts. Used in expressions like 「極意を授ける」 or 「極意をきわめる」, it expresses the essence obtained through long years of training.
AI-generated translation
N1
酷似
こくじ
「酷」 means severe, and 「似」 means to resemble; together they mean to resemble severely. It refers to appearance or content being so similar that they cannot be told apart. Used in expressions like 「酷似している」 or 「Aに酷似する」, it is a formal word for situations of mentioning a coincidental resemblance or a suspicion of imitation.
AI-generated translation
N1
酷使
こくし
「酷」 means cruel or severe, and 「使」 means to use; together they mean to use harshly. It refers to continuously using a person or thing intensely beyond reasonable limits. Used in expressions like 「目を酷使する」 or 「労働者を酷使する」, in situations of imposing excessive burden.
AI-generated translation
N1
告訴
こくそ
It refers to the victim of a crime requesting the prosecutor or police to punish the perpetrator. Used in expressions like 「告訴する」 or 「告訴を取り下げる」, it is a word used as a legal procedure.
AI-generated translation
N1
孤軍
こぐん
「孤」 means alone and 「軍」 means army; the original meaning refers to a single unit left isolated without support from allies. From this, the word came to describe a unit or individual fighting in isolation. It is a formal term that expresses facing difficulty alone, used almost exclusively as a set phrase such as 「孤軍奮闘する」.
AI-generated translation
N5
ここ
ここ
A word referring to a place close to the speaker.
AI-generated translation
N5
午後
ごご
afternoon. The time from noon until night. The antonym is 「午前」 (morning/before noon).
AI-generated translation
N1
孤高
ここう
「孤」 means alone, and 「高」 means a lofty state; together they mean maintaining a lofty state by oneself. It refers to keeping high ideals or position alone, without conforming to others. Used in expressions like 「孤高の人」 or 「孤高を保つ」, it is a somewhat archaic and formal word expressing independent nobility.
AI-generated translation
N5
九日
ここのか
The 9th day of the month. Also, a period of 9 days. Read as "ここのか."
AI-generated translation
N5
九つ
ここのつ
nine. The number 9 when counting things.
AI-generated translation
N1
固執
こしつ
「固」 means firmly, and 「執」 means to grasp or cling; together they mean to cling firmly. It refers to stubbornly not changing one's opinion or thoughts. Used in expressions like 「自説に固執する」 or 「過去に固執する」, in contexts that critically describe a lack of flexibility.
AI-generated translation
N1
こじつけ
こじつけ
It refers to forcibly connecting things that originally have no relation by attaching some reasoning. Used in expressions like 「こじつけにすぎない」 or 「こじつけの解釈」, it is a noun used in situations of criticizing forced association.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
擦る
こする
To press something firmly against the surface of an object and move it. A different action from 「摩る」 (to stroke gently) or 「刷る」 (to print), which are also read 「する」.
AI-generated translation
N5
午前
ごぜん
The time from morning until noon. The antonym is 「午後」 (afternoon).
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大
こだい
「誇」 means to boast, and 「大」 means large; together they mean to make something appear larger by boasting. It refers to saying or showing something as larger than it actually is. Used in expressions like 「誇大広告」 or 「誇大に表現する」, in contexts that criticize expressions inflated beyond reality.
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大妄想
こだいもうそう
「誇大」 means exaggerated and inflated, and 「妄想」 means imagining without basis in fact; together they mean imagining oneself as larger than one really is. It refers to thinking of one's ability or position as far greater than reality, divorced from facts. Used in expressions like 「誇大妄想に陥る」, it is a four-character idiom used to criticize excessive self-evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N5
答える
こたえる
answer. To respond to a question or problem with words or a sentence. Example: 「質問に答える」 (to answer a question).
AI-generated translation
N5
こちら
こちら
A polite way of saying 「ここ」. Also used to refer to a person, as in 「こちらは田中さんです」.
AI-generated translation
N1
滑稽
こっけい
To be so absurd that it is funny enough to make one laugh without meaning to.
AI-generated translation
N5
こっち
こっち
A casual way of saying 「こちら」. Used in spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N5
事
こと
A word referring to a matter, or the content of a talk. Example: 「話す事」 (something to talk about), 「大事な事」 (an important matter). Very often written in hiragana as 「こと」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.