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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,256words (N1–N5 total)
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N5
九日
ここのか
The 9th day of the month. Also, a period of 9 days. Read as "ここのか."
AI-generated translation
N5
九つ
ここのつ
nine. The number 9 when counting things.
AI-generated translation
N1
固執
こしつ
「固」 means firmly, and 「執」 means to grasp or cling; together they mean to cling firmly. It refers to stubbornly not changing one's opinion or thoughts. Used in expressions like 「自説に固執する」 or 「過去に固執する」, in contexts that critically describe a lack of flexibility.
AI-generated translation
N1
こじつけ
こじつけ
It refers to forcibly connecting things that originally have no relation by attaching some reasoning. Used in expressions like 「こじつけにすぎない」 or 「こじつけの解釈」, it is a noun used in situations of criticizing forced association.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
擦る
こする
To press something firmly against the surface of an object and move it. A different action from 「摩る」 (to stroke gently) or 「刷る」 (to print), which are also read 「する」.
AI-generated translation
N5
午前
ごぜん
The time from morning until noon. The antonym is 「午後」 (afternoon).
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大
こだい
「誇」 means to boast, and 「大」 means large; together they mean to make something appear larger by boasting. It refers to saying or showing something as larger than it actually is. Used in expressions like 「誇大広告」 or 「誇大に表現する」, in contexts that criticize expressions inflated beyond reality.
AI-generated translation
N1
誇大妄想
こだいもうそう
「誇大」 means exaggerated and inflated, and 「妄想」 means imagining without basis in fact; together they mean imagining oneself as larger than one really is. It refers to thinking of one's ability or position as far greater than reality, divorced from facts. Used in expressions like 「誇大妄想に陥る」, it is a four-character idiom used to criticize excessive self-evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N5
答える
こたえる
answer. To respond to a question or problem with words or a sentence. Example: 「質問に答える」 (to answer a question).
AI-generated translation
N5
こちら
こちら
A polite way of saying 「ここ」. Also used to refer to a person, as in 「こちらは田中さんです」.
AI-generated translation
N1
滑稽
こっけい
To be so absurd that it is funny enough to make one laugh without meaning to.
AI-generated translation
N5
こっち
こっち
A casual way of saying 「こちら」. Used in spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N5
事
こと
A word referring to a matter, or the content of a talk. Example: 「話す事」 (something to talk about), 「大事な事」 (an important matter). Very often written in hiragana as 「こと」.
AI-generated translation
N5
今年
ことし
This year. Read as 「ことし」, not read according to the characters as written.
AI-generated translation
N5
言葉
ことば
Something people use to convey feelings or thoughts through speaking or writing. Also used to mean a specific language, as in 「国のことば」 (the language of a country), such as Japanese or English.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
子供
こども
child. A young person. The opposite of an adult. Also used to mean one's own son or daughter. Often written as 「子ども」.
AI-generated translation
N5
この
この
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Used before a noun, as in 「この本」 (this book).
AI-generated translation
N1
拒む
こばむ
It refers to clearly not accepting another's proposal or demand. Used in expressions like 「面会を拒む」 or 「協力を拒む」, it is a somewhat formal verb used in situations of refusing with strong intent.
AI-generated translation
N5
御飯
ごはん
Cooked rice. Also used to mean a meal, as in 「朝御飯」 (breakfast), 「御飯を食べる」 (to eat a meal). Usually written 「ご飯」 or 「ごはん」.
AI-generated translation
N5
困る
こまる
To not know what to do because of something unpleasant or difficult. Example: 「お金がなくて困る」 (troubled by not having money).
AI-generated translation
N4, N5
米
こめ
rice. White grains grown in a paddy field, used as food. Usually cooked by boiling.
AI-generated translation
N1
凝らす
こらす
It refers to gathering one's mind or ingenuity to one point and putting it to work. Used in expressions like 「目を凝らす」 or 「趣向を凝らす」, it is a verb used in situations of strongly concentrating one's consciousness or creativity.
AI-generated translation
N5
これ
これ
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Example: 「これは何ですか」 (what is this?).
AI-generated translation
N1
根幹
こんかん
「根」 means root, and 「幹」 means trunk; together they refer to the root and trunk of a tree, that is, the center supporting things. It refers to the most central and important part of a matter. Used in expressions like 「制度の根幹」 or 「根幹に関わる」, it is a formal word for the foundation of an organization or system.
AI-generated translation
N1
権化
ごんげ
A word referring to something that embodies a particular quality or spirit in tangible form. Used metaphorically as in「悪の権化」「執念の権化」to describe an entity that extremely embodies a certain trait.
AI-generated translation
N5
今月
こんげつ
This month.
AI-generated translation
N1
根源
こんげん
「根」 means root, and 「源」 means the source of a river; the word combines two synonymous characters, both indicating the starting point of something. It refers to the great source from which things arise. Used in expressions like 「根源を探る」 or 「悪の根源」, it is a formal word for the cause lying at the deepest part of something.
AI-generated translation
N5
今週
こんしゅう
This week.
AI-generated translation
N1
昏睡
こんすい
「昏」 means dark, that is, consciousness growing dim, and 「睡」 means to sleep; together they mean losing consciousness as if in deep sleep. It refers to a state of being unconscious and unresponsive even when called. It is a word used in medical contexts for situations of serious illness or accident, as in 「昏睡状態」 or 「昏睡に陥る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
痕跡
こんせき
「痕」 and 「跡」 are both characters meaning a trace; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a trace left behind showing that something once existed. Used in expressions like 「痕跡が残る」 or 「痕跡をたどる」, it is a formal word used in investigative or tracking contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
根絶
こんぜつ
「根」 means root, and 「絶」 means to cut off; together they express completely eliminating something, like pulling out weeds from the root. Used in expressions like 「犯罪を根絶する」 or 「根絶を目指す」, it is a formal word used in contexts of completely removing harm or disease.
AI-generated translation
N1
根底
こんてい
「根」 means root, and 「底」 means bottom; together they mean the bottom of the root, that is, the deepest part of a matter. It refers to the unseen foundation or premise that lies at the very bottom of something. Used in expressions like 「根底にある」 or 「根底から覆す」, it is a formal word for what lies at the deepest part of one's thought or values.
AI-generated translation
N1
昏倒
こんとう
「昏」 means dark, that is, consciousness growing dim, and 「倒」 means to fall; together they mean to lose consciousness and fall. It refers to losing consciousness and collapsing on the spot. Used in expressions like 「昏倒する」 or 「路上で昏倒した」 in medical or incident contexts, it is a formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
混沌
こんとん
「混」 means to mix, and 「沌」 means a primordial undivided state; the word originally referred to the chaotic state before heaven and earth separated in Chinese mythology. It refers to a state in which things are confused and order or distinction is unclear. Used in expressions like 「混沌とした状況」 or 「混沌に陥る」, it is a formal word for the state of society, politics, or a place.
AI-generated translation
N5
こんな
こんな
Like this. Example: 「こんな大きい犬は初めて見た」 (I've never seen such a big dog). Often used in spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N5
今晩
こんばん
This evening; tonight. Tonight's evening. 「こんや（今夜）」also means the same.
AI-generated translation
N1
混迷
こんめい
「混」 means to mix, and 「迷」 means to be lost; together they mean to be mixed up and lose one's way. It refers to a situation in which everything is in disarray and the future cannot be foreseen. Used in expressions like 「政局が混迷する」 or 「混迷を深める」, it is a formal word used in social and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N5
さあ
さあ
A word said when starting something, or when inviting someone. Example: 「さあ、行きましょう」 (well, let's go).
AI-generated translation
N1
才覚
さいかく
Wisdom and ability to handle situations skillfully by reading the circumstances at hand. A formal word indicating the capacity to navigate through challenges in business, negotiation, or problem-solving. Used in forms like 「才覚がある」「才覚で切り抜ける」.
AI-generated translation
N1
採集
さいしゅう
A word indicating the gathering of plants, animals, materials, or specimens in the field. A formal word used for academic or hobby-oriented collecting activities. Used in forms like 「昆虫採集」「標本を採集する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
最盛期
さいせいき
A word indicating the period when the momentum or activity of something is at its peak. Used for the peak periods of historical industries, cultures, or someone's career. Used in forms like 「産業の最盛期」「最盛期を迎える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
采配
さいはい
「采配」originally referred to a tasseled implement used by military commanders to direct troops on the battlefield. From this, the word came to mean a person in a leadership position overseeing the whole and giving direction or instructions. Commonly used in the idiomatic form 「采配を振る」, often in reference to the leadership of sports coaches or business managers.
AI-generated translation
N5
財布
さいふ
wallet. Something for carrying money.
AI-generated translation
N1
遮る
さえぎる
A verb meaning to stop something midway so it does not pass through, such as a gaze, light, sound, or a person's movement. Used in forms like 「視線を遮る」「光を遮る」. It also means to interrupt someone's speech, as in 「話を遮る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
さえずる
さえずる
For a small bird to sing continuously. It is written with the kanji 「囀る」, but is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
冴える
さえる
For a color, sound, light, or the like to be crisp and clear. It is also used to mean that one's mind is clear and functioning well. Conversely, it is often used in the negated form 「冴えない」 to describe an expression or mood that does not brighten up.
AI-generated translation
N5
魚
さかな
fish. An animal that lives in water. Also used to mean fish as food.
AI-generated translation
N1
遡る
さかのぼる
A verb meaning to go upstream against a river's current, or to trace time or a line of discussion back toward the past. Used in forms like 「川を遡る」「歴史を遡る」「話が遡る」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
先
さき
Ahead of oneself; earlier in time. Example: 「この先」 (from here on), 「先に行く」 (to go ahead).
AI-generated translation
N1
先行き
さきゆき
The outlook or future course of something. Mainly used in contexts referring to the future of economy, business, or life, in forms like 「先行きが不透明」「先行きを案じる」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.