The state of becoming transparent and pure as cloudiness or dirt disappears. Used in forms like 「水が澄む」「空気が澄む」「音が澄む」 expressing the purity of liquids, air, or sounds. Can also be used metaphorically for the mind, as in 「澄んだ目」「心が澄む」.
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N4済むすむ
For something to end. Example: 「しごとが済む」 (work is finished). Also used in the form 「〜ないで済む」, meaning one doesn't have to do something.
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N5住むすむ
live. To live one's life in a certain place. Example: 「東京に住む」 (to live in Tokyo).
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N1摺るする
To transfer a picture or pattern from a mold or printing block onto something. This kanji is not used in everyday writing and is normally written in hiragana.
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N3〜N5するする
To do a certain thing. Example: 「べんきょうする」 (to study), 「しごとをする」 (to work).
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N1ずる賢いずるがしこい
To be skilled at using one's wits to do sly, underhanded things for one's own benefit. It is said with a critical feeling, implying that one's cleverness is being used for a bad purpose.
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N5座るすわる
sit. To lower oneself onto a chair or the floor. The antonym is 「立つ」 (to stand).
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N1寸分すんぶん
A very small amount or degree. A formal word usually combined with negative expressions in forms like 「寸分の狂いもない」「寸分違わず」, emphasizing completeness in the sense of "not at all ~."
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N5背せ
The height of the body. Also, the back side of the body. Example: 「背が高い」 (tall).
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N1制圧せいあつ
The act of suppressing an opponent with military force or great power and placing them under control. A formal word used in forms like 「敵を制圧する」「反乱を制圧する」 in military, police, or power-struggle contexts.
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N1生育せいいく
For a plant or animal to grow and become larger. It also means to raise or cultivate something.
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N4正解せいかい
The correct answer.
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N4生活せいかつ
life. To live day to day, eating, sleeping, working, etc.
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N1性急せいきゅう
A restless state in which one tries to push things forward too quickly. A formal word used in forms like 「性急な判断」「性急に結論を出す」, negatively evaluating haste lacking in caution.
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N1制裁せいさい
The act of imposing punishment on those who violate rules or morals. A formal word used in forms like 「制裁を加える」「経済制裁」, referring to punishment between nations, organizations, or within groups.
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N1精彩せいさい
A vivid brilliance or vitality. A formal word used in forms like 「精彩を放つ」「精彩を欠く」, evaluating someone's performance or the quality of a work.
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N4生産せいさん
To create things. Used as in 「工場で品物を生産する」 (to produce goods at a factory).
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N4政治せいじ
To decide and carry out how a country or town should be governed.
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N1脆弱ぜいじゃく
Fragile and weak. A formal word used in forms like 「脆弱性」「脆弱な体制」, referring not only to physical weakness but also to flaws in organizations, systems, or structures. It begins not with 「せ」 but with the voiced 「ぜ」.
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N1, N2精神せいしん
The workings of the human mind and consciousness; the mental side as opposed to the body. 精神的に疲れる (mentally tired). Also means the idea at the root of something, as in チームの精神 (the team's spirit).
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N1制するせいする
The act of suppressing an opponent to dominate, or restraining one's own emotions or actions. A formal word used in forms like 「試合を制する」「怒りを制する」, in the sense of winning a contest or exercising self-control.
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N1整然せいぜん
The state in which things are arranged in proper order and orderly fashion. A formal word used in forms like 「整然と並ぶ」「整然とした論理」, expressing an orderly state without disorder.
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N1制定せいてい
The act of officially establishing laws, regulations, or systems. A formal word used in forms like 「法律を制定する」「憲法を制定する」, referring to the formal establishment by public authorities.
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N5生徒せいと
A person who studies at school. Often refers to someone learning at a junior high or high school. For university, 「学生」 is used.
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N1成敗せいばい
The act of punishing and chastising those who have done evil. A formal word used in period dramas or historical contexts, also used verbally in the form 「成敗する」. In modern usage it is often used metaphorically, as in 「悪を成敗する」.
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N4西洋せいよう
Countries of Europe and America. The antonym is 「東洋」 (the East/Asia).
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N4世界せかい
world. The whole earth, all countries and people.
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N4席せき
seat. A place to sit. In the form 「〜席」 it is also used as a word for counting seats.
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N1惜敗せきはい
The act of losing by a narrow margin. A formal word used in forms like 「一点差で惜敗する」, used when one has fought well but lost narrowly in competitions such as sports, matches, or elections.
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N1責務せきむ
A duty that must be carried out with responsibility. A formal word used in forms like 「責務を果たす」「責務を負う」, referring to public or professional obligations.
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N1絶句ぜっく
The state of being unable to speak due to surprise or shock. A formal word used in forms like 「思わず絶句する」, expressing being unable to respond when faced with an unexpected situation.
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N5せっけんせっけん
soap. Something used to wash the body or hands. Written with the kanji 「石鹸」, but usually written in hiragana in daily life.
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N1切実せつじつ
The state of feeling something keenly and strongly. Being pressing and important. A formal word used in forms like 「切実な問題」「切実に願う」, expressing weight that directly affects oneself or a heartfelt sentiment.
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N1折衝せっしょう
The act of negotiating and seeking adjustment with parties whose interests conflict. A formal word used in official settings such as diplomacy, business, or labor-management relations, in forms like 「折衝を重ねる」「折衝に当たる」.
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N1切々せつせつ
The state of expressing feelings poignantly, as if appealing deeply to the heart. A formal word used in forms like 「切々と訴える」「切々たる思い」, used in scenes of conveying sorrow, wishes, or affection so that they sink deeply into the listener.
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N1節操せっそう
An attitude of maintaining one's beliefs or principles to the end. A formal word used in forms like 「節操がない」「節操を守る」, questioning the presence or absence of consistent attitude and conviction. Often used in negative sentences.
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N1絶大ぜつだい
A very large degree. A formal word used in forms like 「絶大な人気」「絶大な支持」, expressing the great scale of influence or effect. Mainly used in positive contexts.
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N1折衷せっちゅう
The act of taking the best parts of two or more differing positions or proposals and combining them into one. A formal word used in forms like 「折衷案」「和洋折衷」, with the meaning of reconciling oppositions or differences to create a middle-ground solution.
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N1絶頂ぜっちょう
Originally refers to the highest peak of a mountain. By extension, it means the period when the momentum or state of something is at its most flourishing, reaching its peak. Used in contexts indicating the highest point of glory, happiness, or prosperity, as in 「人気の絶頂」「絶頂期」. A formal word.
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N1節度せつど
An appropriate measure that does not go too far. A formal word used in forms like 「節度を守る」「節度ある行動」, expressing a sensible attitude that does not exceed proper limits.
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N1刹那せつな
A very brief moment, an instant. A formal word of Buddhist origin, used in forms like 「刹那的」「その刹那」. Also used to express a way of life that values only the present moment, as in 「刹那的な快楽」.
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N1切迫せっぱく
A state in which time is short and pressing. Or a state in which a situation is tense. Used in forms like 「切迫した状況」「期限が切迫する」. A formal word frequently appearing in news reports and administrative documents.
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N1切望せつぼう
The act of wishing strongly from the depths of the heart. A formal word used in forms like 「平和を切望する」「再会を切望する」, expressing an earnest desire stronger than mere hope.
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N1絶妙ぜつみょう
Being outstandingly excellent and skillful. A formal word used in forms like 「絶妙なバランス」「絶妙のタイミング」, expressing splendor that is exactly right and irreplaceable.
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N4説明せつめい
To explain something in detail so it can be understood.
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N4背中せなか
back. The back side of the body, from the waist to the shoulders.
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N1狭めるせばめる
The act of reducing scope, width, or difference. A formal word used in forms like 「範囲を狭める」「選択肢を狭める」, used not only for physical width but also for narrowing abstract ranges.
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N4背広せびろ
A set of jacket and trousers worn by men for work.
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N5狭いせまい
A state where a place is small. The antonym is 「広い」 (spacious).
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N1競り合うせりあう
The act of competing with one another for victory or superiority. Used in forms like 「首位を競り合う」「激しく競り合う」, in close contests of sports, business, or elections.
This word has different meanings and uses at each level
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