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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N1・N3
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N1
温厚
おんこう
A state of being calm, with good character and considerate of others. Used as in 「温厚な人物」 or 「温厚篤実」, a formal word mainly used to praise a person's personality and character. Includes the sense of composure that does not give way to anger or irritation.
AI-generated translation
N1
音信
おんしん
Contact through letters or telephone. Used in situations expressing whether contact with another person is maintained or has been broken, as in「音信不通」「音信が途絶える」. In older usage it was also read「いんしん」, and that reading still survives in some contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
温存
おんぞん
Keeping something important without using it. Used as in 「主力選手を温存する」 or 「余力を温存する」 to mean not using it now in preparation for an important future scene. The object is limited to "things that decrease when used," such as strength, forces, or funds.
AI-generated translation
N3
温暖
おんだん
A state where the climate is warm and mild. Example: 「温暖な気候」 (a warm climate), 「地球温暖化」 (global warming). The antonym is 「寒冷」 (cold climate).
AI-generated translation
N1
温暖化
おんだんか
A long-term rise in the average temperature of the entire planet. Primarily used in the form 「地球温暖化」 (global warming), and frequently appears in contexts of environmental issues. Often refers to climate change caused by human social and economic activities.
AI-generated translation
N1
音頭
おんど
A word for being the first to raise one's voice before a crowd, setting the rhythm and bringing everyone together. A set expression used in forms like「音頭を取る」「乾杯の音頭」.
AI-generated translation
N3
温度
おんど
temperature. The degree of warmth or coldness. Example: 「部屋の温度」 (room temperature), 「温度を測る」 (to measure the temperature).
AI-generated translation
N1
穏便
おんびん
A word describing the manner of handling things calmly without escalating them. A formal expression used in situations of settling matters without bringing conflicts or problems to the surface, as in「穏便に済ませる」「穏便な解決」.
AI-generated translation
N1
温和
おんわ
For one's personality to be gentle and not sharp-tongued. It is also used to describe a climate that is warm and mild.
AI-generated translation
N3
開会
かいかい
To begin a meeting or event. Example: 「開会式」 (opening ceremony), 「開会を宣言する」 (to declare the opening). The antonym is 「閉会」 (closing).
AI-generated translation
N3
解決
かいけつ
To properly settle a problem or dispute. Example: 「事件を解決する」 (to resolve an incident), 「問題が解決した」 (the problem has been resolved).
AI-generated translation
N1
回顧
かいこ
「回」 means to turn back or to reflect, and 「顧」 means to look back; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to looking back and recalling past events or one's own experiences. Used in expressions like 「半生を回顧する」 or 「回顧録」, it is used in formal contexts of looking back on the past.
AI-generated translation
N3
開始
かいし
start. To begin something. Example: 「試合開始」 (the start of the match), 「販売を開始する」 (to start sales). A more formal word than 「始める」. The word with the opposite meaning is 「終了」 (end).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
回収
かいしゅう
To collect and take back items that have already been distributed or used.
AI-generated translation
N3
外出
がいしゅつ
To go out from one's home or workplace. Example: 「外出中」 (out at the moment), 「外出をひかえる」 (to refrain from going out).
AI-generated translation
N3
改善
かいぜん
improvement. To fix something bad and make it better. Example: 「生活を改善する」 (to improve one's lifestyle), 「関係が改善する」 (relations improve). The antonym is 「改悪」 (a change for the worse).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
階層
かいそう
(1) A stratum formed when society is divided by status or income. 「富裕階層」. (2) A structure made up of layers stacked one on another. 「階層構造」.
AI-generated translation
N1
快諾
かいだく
「快」 means pleasant, and 「諾」 means to consent; together they mean to consent gladly. It refers to gladly accepting a request or offer from another. Used in expressions like 「出演を快諾する」, it is a formal word for accepting another's request with pleasure.
AI-generated translation
N1
かいつまむ
かいつまむ
It refers to extracting only the key points and speaking briefly. Used in expressions like 「要点をかいつまんで話す」 or 「かいつまんで説明する」, in situations of summing up a long story to convey it briefly.
AI-generated translation
N3
快適
かいてき
comfortable. A pleasant, comfortable state. Example: 「快適な部屋」 (a comfortable room), 「快適に過ごす」 (to spend time comfortably).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
街道
かいどう
A main road connecting towns. Also used figuratively, as in 「出世街道」.
AI-generated translation
N3
開発
かいはつ
To create something new. To make land or ability useful. Used as in 「商品開発」 (product development), 「能力開発」 (skill development).
AI-generated translation
N3
回復
かいふく
recovery. For something that had worsened to return to its former good state. Example: 「体力が回復する」 (to regain physical strength), 「景気の回復」 (economic recovery).
AI-generated translation
N1
解離
かいり
「解」 means to break apart and become loose, and 「離」 means to separate; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to something that had been gathered into one breaking apart. Used in expressions like 「組織から解離する」 or 「物質が解離して別の状態になる」, it is a formal word for situations of bonds becoming undone and separating. It is also seen in chemistry and psychology contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
乖離
かいり
A divergence or gap between two things that should naturally align. Used in expressions like 「理想と現実の乖離」 (a gap between ideal and reality) or 「世論との乖離」 (a divergence from public opinion), it refers to the distance that arises between two matters. A formal word frequently seen in editorials and critical essays.
AI-generated translation
N1
顧みる
かえりみる
To look back on and reflect upon past events or one's own words and actions. Used as in「過去を顧みる」「家庭を顧みる暇もない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
省みる
かえりみる
「省」 means to look back upon oneself, to reflect. It refers to looking back on one's own words and actions and reflecting. Used in expressions like 「我が身を省みる」, in the sense of inner reflection. While the same-reading 「顧みる」 is used for looking back in a broader sense, 「省みる」 carries a stronger nuance of self-reflection.
AI-generated translation
N3
替える
かえる
To stop using something up to now and switch to a different one. Example: 「シーツを替える」 (to change the sheets), 「電池を替える」 (to change the batteries). The homophone 「変える」 means to change a state or content, and 「代える」 means to have something take over a role instead; all are written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
香り
かおり
fragrance. A pleasant smell. Example: 「花の香り」 (the fragrance of flowers), 「コーヒーの香り」 (the aroma of coffee). Not used for bad smells. The verb form is 「香る」.
AI-generated translation
N3
画家
がか
painter. A person whose job is painting pictures.
AI-generated translation
N3
抱える
かかえる
To hold something in one's arms as if wrapping around it. Example: 「荷物を抱える」 (to carry luggage in one's arms). Also used to mean having a trouble, as in 「問題を抱える」 (to have a problem to deal with), 「借金を抱える」 (to be carrying debt).
AI-generated translation
N3
価格
かかく
price. The price of a good. Example: 「価格が上がる」 (the price rises), 「販売価格」 (selling price). More formal than 「値段」, used in business and news.
AI-generated translation
N3
化学
かがく
chemistry. The study of the properties and changes of substances. Example: 「化学反応」 (chemical reaction), 「化学製品」 (chemical products). To distinguish it from the homophone 「科学」 (science), it is sometimes pronounced 「ばけがく」 in speech.
AI-generated translation
N3
輝く
かがやく
shine. To glitter and sparkle. Example: 「星が輝く」 (stars shine). Also used to mean looking full of life, as in 「目が輝く」 (one's eyes sparkle), 「輝かしい成績」 (a brilliant record).
AI-generated translation
N3
係
かかり
The person in charge of a certain task. Example: 「案内係」 (an information attendant), 「係の人に聞く」 (to ask the person in charge). Also forms compound words like 「係員」 (staff member) and 「係長」 (section chief).
AI-generated translation
N3
限る
かぎる
To decide a range up to a certain point. Example: 「参加は学生に限る」 (participation is limited to students). Often used in the forms 「〜に限って」 (an expression meaning something bad happens only at that particular time) and 「〜とは限らない」 (meaning that isn't always the case).
AI-generated translation
N1
画一的
かくいつてき
It describes a manner in which everything fits the same standard or the same mold, with no individuality or difference. Used in expressions like 「画一的な教育」 or 「画一的に扱う」, it is often used to negatively express a state in which diversity has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N1
画策
かくさく
「画」 means to plan a scheme, and 「策」 means a scheme; together they mean to plan out schemes. It refers to secretly devising a plan and acting on it for some purpose. It is mostly used with a negative connotation, carrying the sense of acting in the shadows, as in 「裏で画策する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
確執
かくしつ
「確」 means firm, and 「執」 means to grasp and not let go; together they mean firmly holding to one's claims without yielding to each other. It refers to not yielding one's opinions and continuing to be in opposition. It expresses situations in which a relationship has become tense within an organization or among relatives. Used in expressions like 「両者の確執が表面化する」.
AI-generated translation
N3
隠す
かくす
hide. To keep something from being seen or known by others. Example: 「お金を隠す」 (to hide money), 「本心を隠す」 (to hide one's true feelings). 「隠す」 is used when someone makes a person or thing unseen, and 「隠れる」 when one becomes unseen oneself: 「子どもを隠す」 versus 「子どもが隠れる」.
AI-generated translation
N3
拡大
かくだい
expansion. To spread something out and make it bigger. To become bigger. Example: 「写真を拡大する」 (to enlarge a photo), 「感染が拡大する」 (infection spreads). The word with the opposite meaning is 「縮小」 (reduction).
AI-generated translation
N3
隠れる
かくれる
To hide oneself so that others cannot find you. Example: 「木の陰に隠れる」 (to hide in the shade of a tree). Also used to mean not known to the world, as in 「隠れた名店」 (a hidden gem restaurant). 「隠れる」 is used when one becomes unseen oneself, and 「隠す」 when someone makes a person or thing unseen: 「子どもが隠れる」 versus 「子どもを隠す」.
AI-generated translation
N3
影
かげ
shadow. A dark shape that forms behind an object when light hits it. Example: 「影ができる」 (a shadow forms), 「影ふみ」 (a shadow-tag game). There is also the expression 「影が薄い」 (to not stand out). The homophone 「陰」 refers to a place light does not reach, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
陰
かげ
A place where light or one's gaze does not reach. Example: 「木の陰で休む」 (to rest in the shade of a tree), 「ドアの陰にかくれる」 (to hide behind a door). Also used to mean somewhere out of a person's sight, as in 「陰で悪口を言う」 (to badmouth someone behind their back). The homophone 「影」 refers to a dark shape cast by light, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N1
かけがえのない
かけがえのない
「かけがえ」 is 「掛け替え」, originally meaning something to substitute. 「かけがえのない」 means that it 「ない」 (does not exist), that is, the quality of being so precious that nothing else can replace it. Used in expressions like 「かけがえのない家族」 or 「かけがえのない時間」, expressing a unique and precious existence.
AI-generated translation
N3
欠ける
かける
For part of something to break off and be missing. Example: 「茶わんが欠ける」 (a chip breaks off a rice bowl). Also used to mean lacking something necessary, as in 「常識に欠ける」 (to lack common sense), 「メンバーが一人欠ける」 (one member is missing).
AI-generated translation
N3
過去
かこ
past. Time that has already passed. Example: 「過去をふり返る」 (to look back on the past), 「過去の失敗」 (past failures). The antonyms are 「未来」 (future) and 「現在」 (present).
AI-generated translation
N3
籠
かご
A container made by weaving bamboo, wire, etc. Example: 「買い物籠」 (a shopping basket), 「鳥籠」 (a birdcage).
AI-generated translation
N1
かこつける
かこつける
It refers to hiding the true reason and using something else as a pretext. Used in expressions like 「病気にかこつけて休む」 or 「忙しさにかこつける」, in situations of using something as an excuse to hide one's true intent.
AI-generated translation
N3
囲む
かこむ
surround. To encircle something. Example: 「テーブルを囲む」 (to sit around a table), 「山に囲まれた町」 (a town surrounded by mountains). The noun form is 「囲い」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.