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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N1・N3
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N1
喧噪
けんそう
The noisy sounds and atmosphere created by crowds of people or vehicles. Used in formal writing as in「都会の喧噪」「喧噪を離れる」to depict bustle in a negative or contrastive manner.
AI-generated translation
N3
現代
げんだい
modern times. The present era. Example: 「現代の若者」 (young people today), 「現代社会」 (modern society). As a historical period, it often refers to the time from after World War II to the present.
AI-generated translation
N1
言質
げんち
A statement or promise from someone that can later serve as evidence. Used in contexts of confirming the other party's words in negotiations or debates, as in「言質を取る」「言質を与える」.
AI-generated translation
N3
建築
けんちく
architecture. To build a building. The technique or style of doing so. Example: 「建築家」 (an architect), 「木造建築」 (wooden architecture/construction).
AI-generated translation
N1
顕著
けんちょ
「顕」 means to appear, and 「著」 means conspicuous; the word combines two synonymous characters. It is a word expressing being conspicuously prominent. Used in expressions like 「顕著な傾向」 or 「効果が顕著に表れる」, it is used when a change or feature is clear to anyone. It frequently appears in formal writing about data or trends.
AI-generated translation
N1
喧伝
けんでん
A word meaning to widely proclaim something to the public. Used in expressions like「成果を喧伝する」, it often carries a negative nuance of excessive promotion.
AI-generated translation
N3
現場
げんば
site. The place where something is actually taking place. Example: 「工事現場」 (a construction site), 「事故の現場」 (the scene of an accident). Also used to mean the people actually doing the work, as in 「現場の意見」 (the opinion of those on the ground).
AI-generated translation
N1
権謀術数
けんぼうじゅっすう
「権謀」refers to schemes for power, 「術数」refers to means of manipulating others; together they form a four-character idiom meaning cunning and devious schemes used to deceive and manipulate others to achieve one's goals. Used in expressions like「権謀術数を巡らす」(to plot schemes)、「権謀術数に長ける」(to be skilled in machinations), referring to maneuvers used in political or organizational power struggles to bring down opponents. A formal word used with a negative connotation.
AI-generated translation
N1
けんもほろろ
けんもほろろ
It describes a manner of coldly and curtly rejecting another's request or appeal. Used in the form 「けんもほろろに断られる」, in situations of describing a cold response that gives no foothold at all.
AI-generated translation
N3
権利
けんり
right. Officially recognized authority, such as by law, allowing one to do something of one's own will. Example: 「権利を守る」 (to protect a right), 「発言する権利」 (the right to speak). The antonym is 「義務」 (obligation).
AI-generated translation
N1
源流
げんりゅう
It refers to the origin or source from which something began. Used in expressions like 「文化の源流」 or 「思想の源流」, it is most often used metaphorically for the great source leading up to the present. Originally it refers to the upper reaches or headwaters of a river.
AI-generated translation
N3
語
ご
A word. It is not used alone as in 「語を覚える」; it is used in combination with other words. Coming first: 「語学」 (language study), 「語順」 (word order), 「語数」 (word count). Coming last: 「単語」 (a vocabulary word), 「外来語」 (a loanword), 「流行語」 (a buzzword), 「熟語」 (a compound word). It is also often attached to the name of a country or region to indicate that language, as in 「日本語」「フランス語」.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋
こい
love. A feeling of strongly liking a particular person and wanting to see them. Example: 「恋をする」 (to fall in love), 「恋に落ちる」 (to fall in love). Places more emphasis on the desire to be with the other person than 「愛」 (love/affection) does.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋しい
こいしい
A strong feeling of wanting to see someone who is far away. 「遠くにいる家族が恋しい」. It is used not only for people but also for places, things, seasons, and other non-human subjects; in that case it expresses longing for and cherishing something that is not at hand and cannot be obtained now. 「故郷が恋しい」「日本の味噌汁が恋しい」「暖かい春が恋しい」.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋人
こいびと
lover. A person that both parties are romantically in love with. Example: 「恋人ができる」 (to get a boyfriend/girlfriend), 「恋人同士」 (a couple).
AI-generated translation
N1
高圧的
こうあつてき
「高圧」 originally means high pressure and refers to physically strong pressure, as in high-voltage power lines or high-pressure gas. From this, the term came to be used metaphorically for a strong attitude that presses down on others from above. Used in expressions like 「高圧的な態度」 or 「高圧的に出る」, in critical contexts of human relations or negotiations.
AI-generated translation
N3
好意
こうい
A feeling of liking someone and wanting to do something good for them. It expresses kindness, as in 「好意で手伝う」「ご好意に甘える」. It also refers to romantic feelings of being drawn to a person, and in the forms 「好意を寄せる」「好意を持つ」 it often means liking someone as a romantic partner. The homophone 「行為」 refers to what a person does and has a completely different meaning, so the two are written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
行為
こうい
What a person does. Behavior. Example: 「違法行為」 (an illegal act). The homophone 「好意」 is a different word.
AI-generated translation
N3
幸運
こううん
good luck. Being fortunate. Example: 「幸運にめぐまれる」 (to be blessed with good luck), 「幸運を祈る」 (to wish someone good luck). The antonym is 「不運」 (bad luck).
AI-generated translation
N3
効果
こうか
effect. A good result that appears from doing something. Example: 「薬の効果」 (the effect of medicine), 「効果がある」 (to be effective). 「逆効果」 (a counterproductive/opposite effect) is also commonly used.
AI-generated translation
N3
高価
こうか
expensive. Being high in price. Example: 「高価な宝石」 (an expensive jewel). The antonym is 「安価」 (cheap). Written differently from the homophones 「効果」 (effect) and 「硬貨」 (a coin).
AI-generated translation
N3
豪華
ごうか
luxurious. A lavish, splendid state. Example: 「豪華な食事」 (a luxurious meal), 「豪華なホテル」 (a luxurious hotel).
AI-generated translation
N3
合格
ごうかく
To pass an exam or inspection. Example: 「大学に合格する」 (to pass a university entrance exam), 「合格発表」 (announcement of exam results). The antonym is 「不合格」 (failure).
AI-generated translation
N3
交換
こうかん
exchange. To swap one thing for another. Example: 「プレゼントを交換する」 (to exchange gifts), 「部品を交換する」 (to replace a part), 「名刺交換」 (exchanging business cards).
AI-generated translation
N1
高貴
こうき
It refers to being of high status and having dignity. Used in expressions like 「高貴な家柄」 or 「高貴な香り」, it is a somewhat archaic word expressing the elegance and formality of people or things.
AI-generated translation
N3
航空
こうくう
Flying through the sky by airplane. It is rarely used on its own; it is combined with other words, as in 「航空会社」 (an airline), 「航空券」 (an airline ticket), 「航空便」 (airmail, an air service), 「航空機」 (an aircraft), 「航空写真」 (an aerial photograph).
AI-generated translation
N3
合計
ごうけい
total. The number or amount when everything is added together. Example: 「合計金額」 (the total amount), 「合計する」 (to total up).
AI-generated translation
N3
攻撃
こうげき
attack. To assault an enemy. Example: 「攻撃をしかける」 (to launch an attack). Also used to mean strongly criticizing something, as in 「発言を攻撃する」 (to attack someone's statement). The antonyms are 「守備」 (defense) and 「防御」 (defense).
AI-generated translation
N1
高潔
こうけつ
「高」 means noble, and 「潔」 means pure and free from impurity. It describes a noble character that is pure and free from greed or baseness. Used in expressions like 「高潔な人格」 or 「高潔の士」, it is a formal word used to strongly praise a person's character.
AI-generated translation
N1
豪語
ごうご
「豪」 means grand or exaggerated, and 「語」 means to speak. It refers to declaring grand things with full confidence. Used in expressions like 「優勝を豪語する」 or 「豪語してはばからない」, it is a word with a slightly ironic tone, describing the attitude of making boastful claims.
AI-generated translation
N3
広告
こうこく
advertisement. To widely inform people about a product or service. The text or footage used to do so. Example: 「新聞広告」 (a newspaper advertisement), 「広告を出す」 (to place an ad).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
交差
こうさ
Two or more lines or roads crossing each other.
AI-generated translation
N3
交際
こうさい
dating. To be in a relationship with someone. Especially, being in a romantic relationship with someone. Example: 「交際を始める」 (to start dating), 「交際範囲が広い」 (to have a wide circle of acquaintances).
AI-generated translation
N1
公算
こうさん
「公」 means public or objective, and 「算」 means to calculate; together they refer to a likelihood that has been objectively calculated. It refers to the likelihood or prospect that something will turn out a certain way. Used in expressions like 「公算が大きい」 or 「公算が高い」, it is a formal word used when stating a forecast in newspapers and news reports.
AI-generated translation
N1
鉱床
こうしょう
「鉱」 means mineral, and 「床」 means a place or layer where matter accumulates; together they refer to a place where minerals form a layer. It refers to a place underground where minerals that can be mined are concentrated. It is a somewhat specialized formal word used in geological and resource development contexts, as in 「銅の鉱床」 or 「鉱床を発見する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
強情
ごうじょう
「強」 means strong, and 「情」 means temperament or feeling; together they mean a strong and stubborn temperament. It refers to not changing one's view and stubbornly pushing it through. Used in expressions like 「強情を張る」 or 「強情な性格」, it is a word expressing an inflexible attitude.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
洪水
こうずい
A river overflowing due to heavy rain or the like, leaving the land flooded. Also used figuratively, as in 「情報の洪水」.
AI-generated translation
N1
傲然
ごうぜん
「傲」 means to be arrogant and to look down on others. It describes an attitude of acting haughtily and looking down on those around. Used in expressions like 「傲然と言い放つ」 or 「傲然たる態度」, it is a formal word expressing strong arrogance.
AI-generated translation
N3
高速
こうそく
high speed. Being very fast in speed. Example: 「高速で移動する」 (to move at high speed). Also commonly used as a shortened form of 「高速道路」 (expressway), as in 「高速に乗る」 (to get on the expressway).
AI-generated translation
N1
豪胆
ごうたん
「豪」 means strong and vigorous, and 「胆」 originally refers to the gallbladder, an internal organ, and is used as a metaphor for courage. It describes a character that has nerve and is rarely shaken by anything. Used in expressions like 「豪胆な人物」 or 「豪胆にふるまう」, it is a formal word expressing a brave and firmly resolved character.
AI-generated translation
N1
拘泥
こうでい
「拘」 means to hold or detain, and 「泥」 originally means to be stuck in mud and unable to move, from which it came to mean to cling. It refers to being caught up in trivial details and unable to move forward. Used in expressions like 「形式に拘泥する」 or 「過去に拘泥する」, it is a formal word for criticizing an inflexible attitude.
AI-generated translation
N3
行動
こうどう
action. To actually move one's body and do something. Example: 「行動を起こす」 (to take action), 「行動力」 (the ability to take action).
AI-generated translation
N3
強盗
ごうとう
robbery. To threaten someone and steal their money or belongings. The person who commits this crime. Example: 「銀行強盗」 (a bank robbery), 「強盗に入られる」 (to be robbed by an intruder).
AI-generated translation
N3
購入
こうにゅう
To buy something. A slightly more formal way of saying 「買う」 (to buy).
AI-generated translation
N1
荒廃
こうはい
For land or a building to fall into ruin and become desolate. It is also used to mean that a person's heart becomes desolate and loses its warmth.
AI-generated translation
N1
業腹
ごうはら
「業」 is a Buddhist term meaning intense anger and irritation, and 「腹」 means the belly, used as a metaphor for the place where feelings of anger build up. It refers to being so angry that one cannot bear it. Used in expressions like 「業腹だ」 or 「業腹でならない」, it is an archaic and formal word expressing strong anger or chagrin.
AI-generated translation
N3
幸福
こうふく
happiness. Being fulfilled and happy. Example: 「幸福な家庭」 (a happy family). A more formal word than 「幸せ」. The antonym is 「不幸」 (unhappiness).
AI-generated translation
N3
興奮
こうふん
A state in which one's feelings are heightened and the heart cannot settle down.
AI-generated translation
N1
傲慢
ごうまん
「傲」 means arrogant, and 「慢」 means to belittle; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the attitude of believing oneself to be the best and looking down on others. Used in expressions like 「傲慢な態度」 or 「傲慢にふるまう」, it is a formal word used to strongly criticize a person's character or attitude.
AI-generated translation
N3
効率
こうりつ
The ratio of results achieved relative to the time or effort spent. 「効率がいい」 means little is wasted.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.