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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N1・N3
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N1
無惨
むざん
A state so pitiful and tragic that it is unbearable to watch. Originally a Buddhist term meaning "without a sense of shame or contrition," but it came to be used to mean "exceedingly pitiful." Used for states in which the original form has been damaged, such as accidents, destruction, defeat, and death, as in 「無惨な姿」, 「無惨に踏みにじられる」, 「無惨な最期」. Also written 「無残」, which is likewise common as a modern spelling. A bookish word, frequently appearing in literary and journalistic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N3
無視
むし
Treating something as if it did not exist. Example: 「信号無視」 (ignoring a traffic signal), 「質問を無視する」 (to ignore a question).
AI-generated translation
N3
虫歯
むしば
A tooth with a hole caused by bacteria. Example: 「虫歯になる」 (to get a cavity).
AI-generated translation
N1
無尽蔵
むじんぞう
The state of being so abundant in quantity that it never runs out no matter how much is used. 「無尽」 means not running out, 「蔵」 means a store, together expressing "an inexhaustible store." Originally a Buddhist term meaning "inexhaustible merit," but in modern usage it expresses a state in which something that ought to be finite—goods, resources, stamina, affection—is extremely abundant. A hard word used as in 「無尽蔵の資源」, 「体力が無尽蔵だ」, 「無尽蔵のエネルギー」, often used in contrast with finiteness.
AI-generated translation
N3
蒸す
むす
steam. To heat food with hot vapor. Example: 「肉まんを蒸す」 (to steam a meat bun). Also used to mean it is hot and humid, as in 「今日は蒸すね」 (it's humid today, isn't it).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
結ぶ
むすぶ
To tie things together with a string, etc., and fasten them. Example: 「くつのひもを結ぶ」 (to tie one's shoelaces). Also used to mean establishing a promise or relationship, as in 「契約を結ぶ」 (to conclude a contract).
AI-generated translation
N1
無造作
むぞうさ
A state of doing something easily without taking trouble; or, a state of handling something carelessly without paying attention. 「造作」 originally means "trouble or effort," and 「無造作」 has the original meaning of "taking no trouble." Used as in 「無造作に置く」, 「無造作に髪を結ぶ」, 「無造作な仕草」. It is sometimes used with a positive connotation of being unpretentious and natural, and sometimes with a negative connotation of being careless and inconsiderate, with the nuance changing by context.
AI-generated translation
N3
無駄
むだ
waste. Being of no use. Having no effect. Example: 「時間の無駄」 (a waste of time), 「無駄づかい」 (wasteful spending).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
夢中
むちゅう
Being so absorbed in one thing that one forgets everything else. Example: 「ゲームに夢中になる」 (to be absorbed in a game).
AI-generated translation
N3
胸
むね
chest. The front part of the body between the neck and the abdomen. Example: 「胸が痛い」 (one's chest hurts). Also used to mean the heart/mind, as in 「胸がいっぱいになる」 (to be filled with emotion).
AI-generated translation
N3
紫
むらさき
purple. A color made by mixing red and blue. Example: 「紫の花」 (a purple flower).
AI-generated translation
N3
無料
むりょう
Not requiring any fee. Example: 「入場無料」 (free admission). In spoken language, 「ただ」 is also used. The antonym is 「有料」 (requiring payment).
AI-generated translation
N3
名刺
めいし
A small card printed with one's name and company name, etc. Exchanged with people one meets for the first time at work.
AI-generated translation
N3
命令
めいれい
command. An instruction given by a person of higher standing telling someone to do something. Example: 「命令に従う」 (to follow an order).
AI-generated translation
N3
迷惑
めいわく
Having an unpleasant experience or being troubled because of someone else. Example: 「迷惑をかける」 (to cause trouble for someone).
AI-generated translation
N3
めくる
めくる
To turn something like paper over as if flipping it. Example: 「ページをめくる」 (to turn a page).
AI-generated translation
N3
目指す
めざす
To move toward something. To make it one's goal. Example: 「優勝を目指す」 (to aim for the championship).
AI-generated translation
N1
目覚しい
めざましい
A state in which remarkable progress or activity stands out. Originally meaning "impressive enough to wake one up," it expresses being so conspicuous as to draw one's attention involuntarily. Used as in 「目覚しい発展」, 「目覚しい活躍」, 「目覚しい進歩」, 「目覚しい成果」, in contexts praising positive change or achievement. Frequently appears regarding subjects where progress or improvement appears in visible form, such as economy, technology, sports, and academics. Also written 「目覚ましい」.
AI-generated translation
N3
目立つ
めだつ
To stand out and catch attention more than other things. Example: 「目立つ色の服」 (clothes in an eye-catching color).
AI-generated translation
N3
めったに
めったに
rarely. Almost (not). Followed by a negative form. Example: 「めったに風邪をひかない」 (rarely catches a cold).
AI-generated translation
N3
免許
めんきょ
license. Official qualification permitting one to do something. Example: 「運転免許」 (driver's license).
AI-generated translation
N3
面接
めんせつ
interview. Meeting someone directly to assess their character and ability, for school admission or employment, etc. Example: 「面接試験」 (interview exam).
AI-generated translation
N3
面倒
めんどう
Something that takes effort and is unpleasant. Example: 「手続きが面倒だ」 (the procedure is troublesome). 「面倒を見る」 means "to take care of someone."
AI-generated translation
N3
申し込む
もうしこむ
apply. To formally convey to another party one's intention to participate or make a contract, etc. Example: 「大会に申し込む」 (to apply/register for a tournament).
AI-generated translation
N3
毛布
もうふ
blanket. A thick woven blanket used when sleeping.
AI-generated translation
N1
網羅
もうら
To take in everything related without leaving anything out. 「網」 is a net for catching fish, 「羅」 is a net for catching birds, both characters expressing nets for capture. From the image of scooping up everything with a net, it came to mean "to take in without omission." Used as in 「資料を網羅する」, 「全分野を網羅した辞典」, 「関連情報を網羅的に集める」. Frequently appears regarding books, databases, and surveys, expressing the comprehensive inclusion of an object without leaving anything out. The adjectival noun 「網羅的」 is also often used.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
燃える
もえる
For fire to catch and flames to rise. Example: 「紙が燃える」 (paper burns). Also used to mean feelings rising, as in 「やる気に燃える」 (burning with motivation). 「燃える」 is used when something is burning, while 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets it alight: compare 「紙が燃える」 with 「紙を燃やす」.
AI-generated translation
N3
目的
もくてき
purpose. The thing one is aiming to accomplish. Example: 「旅行の目的」 (the purpose of a trip).
AI-generated translation
N3
目標
もくひょう
goal. A point one aims to reach. Example: 「今月の目標」 (this month's goal). While 「目的」 tends to refer to the ultimate thing one wants to accomplish, 「目標」 often refers to the concrete point to reach toward that end.
AI-generated translation
N1
木目
もくめ
It refers to the grain pattern that appears on the surface of wood. While it can also be read as 「きめ」, the reading 「もくめ」 is more common. Note that 「きめ」 in expressions like 「肌のきめ」 or 「きめ細かい」 (referring to fine textures or attentive care) is originally a separate word written as 「肌理」.
AI-generated translation
N1
目論見
もくろみ
A plan or scheme set up to accomplish something. The noun form of the verb 「目論む」 (to plan secretly). Mostly used for ambitious or secretive plans, referring to something calculated inwardly without bringing it to the surface. Used as in 「目論見が外れる」, 「目論見通り」, 「目論見が当たる」, 「相手の目論見を見抜く」. Compared with the neutral 「計画」, it has a nuance emphasizing the party's intent or designs, often used in wary or critical contexts. It is paired with the verb 「目論む」.
AI-generated translation
N3
文字
もじ
A symbol used to write down language, such as hiragana, kanji, or the alphabet. Example: 「大きな文字」 (large characters/letters).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3, N5
持つ
もつ
Hold. Grasping something with the hand. 「かばんを持つ」(hold a bag).
AI-generated translation
N3
戻す
もどす
To return something to its original place or state. Example: 「本を棚に戻す」 (to put a book back on the shelf). 「戻す」 is used when a person puts someone or something back, while 「戻る」 is used when one goes back oneself: compare 「本を棚に戻す」 with 「家に戻る」.
AI-generated translation
N3
求める
もとめる
To want something and wish for it. To try to obtain it. Example: 「助けを求める」 (to ask for help). Also used to mean trying to find something out, as in 「答えを求める」 (to seek an answer).
AI-generated translation
N3
もともと
もともと
originally. From the beginning, originally. Example: 「もともと丈夫な体だ」 (originally a sturdy body). Written with the kanji 「元々」.
AI-generated translation
N3
物語
ものがたり
story. A coherent tale told about people or events. Example: 「昔から伝わる物語」 (a story passed down from long ago).
AI-generated translation
N1
模倣
もほう
To imitate something else. A word combining 「模」 and 「倣」, both meaning "to follow, to imitate," expressing the act of copying a model object exactly as it is. Its objects are wide-ranging, including art, culture, products, and behavioral styles, used as in 「他者の作品を模倣する」, 「先進国の制度を模倣する」. Often used as the antonym concept to creativity, appearing frequently in contexts like 「模倣ではなく独創を」. It can neutrally refer to "imitation" as part of a learning process, and can also be used with a negative meaning close to plagiarism or theft.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
燃やす
もやす
To set fire to something so that it burns. Example: 「落ち葉を燃やす」 (to burn fallen leaves). Also used to mean intensifying one's feelings, as in 「闘志を燃やす」 (to fire up one's fighting spirit). 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets something alight, while 「燃える」 is used when something is burning: compare 「紙を燃やす」 with 「紙が燃える」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
模様
もよう
pattern. A drawing or arrangement of colors on the surface of an object. Example: 「花の模様」 (a floral pattern). Also used to mean a general state or condition, as in 「空模様」 (the look of the sky/weather).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
催す
もよおす
To gather people and hold an event or meeting; also, to give rise to a certain feeling or state within oneself.
AI-generated translation
N1
脆い
もろい
Weak against force and liable to break or crumble easily. The character 「脆」conveys weakness and a tendency to fall apart. The primary use describes physical fragility, as in 「脆い氷」(fragile ice), 「脆い陶器」(delicate pottery), or 「脆い地盤」(unstable ground). Extended to abstract weakness, it appears in expressions such as 「脆い関係」(a precarious relationship) or 「脆い計画」(a shaky plan), as well as in 「涙脆い」(easily moved to tears) or 「情に脆い」(soft-hearted, easily swayed by emotion). Slightly more formal than 「壊れやすい」and used in both written and spoken registers.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
文句
もんく
complaint. Words of dissatisfaction. Example: 「文句を言う」 (to complain). Also has the meaning of wording or a set phrase, as in song lyrics or fixed expressions.
AI-generated translation
N3
やがて
やがて
eventually. Before long, after some time. Example: 「やがて夜になった」 (eventually night fell).
AI-generated translation
N3
役立つ
やくだつ
To be of use. To be helpful in doing something. Example: 「勉強が仕事に役立つ」 (studying helps in one's work).
AI-generated translation
N3
やけど
やけど
A burn injury on the skin caused by contact with fire or something hot. Example: 「やけどをする」 (to get burned). Written with the kanji 「火傷」, but usually written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N3
家賃
やちん
rent. Money paid monthly to rent a house or room.
AI-generated translation
N3
雇う
やとう
hire. To pay someone a wage to have them work. Example: 「アルバイトを雇う」 (to hire a part-time worker).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
野蛮
やばん
Being uncivilized and rough or violent.
AI-generated translation
N3
破る
やぶる
To tear paper or cloth apart. Example: 「手紙を破る」 (to tear up a letter). Also used to mean not keeping a promise or rule, as in 「約束を破る」 (to break a promise). 「破る」 is used when a person tears something, while 「破れる」 is used when something tears on its own: compare 「紙を破る」 with 「紙が破れる」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.