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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N4
回る
まわる
To move as if drawing a circle. Example:「地球が回る」(the earth turns).
AI-generated translation
N3
満員
まんいん
A state of being full of people, with no more room. Example: 「満員電車」 (a packed/crowded train).
AI-generated translation
N1
蔓延
まんえん
The spreading of something undesirable over a wide range. 「蔓」 is the vine of a plant, 「延」 means to extend and spread, together giving the original meaning of "spreading like a vine growing." Mostly used in contexts where illnesses, bad trends, or social problems spread over a wide range, as in 「感染症の蔓延」, 「悪習の蔓延」, 「不正の蔓延」. Its characteristic is that, unlike the neutral 「広がる」 or 「普及する」, its object is limited to undesirable things. A bookish, hard word, frequently appearing in journalism, argument, and public settings.
AI-generated translation
N1
漫然
まんぜん
A state of being vague, without a clear purpose or attention. 「漫」 means as one feels, without discipline, and 「然」 is a suffix expressing "the appearance of ~." Basically used adverbially in the 「〜と」 form, as in 「漫然と過ごす」, 「漫然と眺める」, 「漫然と聞く」. It expresses a state of scattered awareness lacking concentration or sense of purpose, mostly used in critical or reflective contexts. A bookish, hard word, appearing more frequently in writing and argument than in everyday conversation.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
満足
まんぞく
satisfaction. A state where one's wishes are fulfilled and the heart is content. Example: 「結果に満足する」 (to be satisfied with the result). The antonym is 「不満」 (dissatisfaction).
AI-generated translation
N1
漫談
まんだん
A genre of light storytelling performed for an audience, taking the events of the day and everyday life as material and weaving in humor. It is one of the yose variety arts; the basic form is a single performer addressing the audience and freely unfolding their talk. 「漫」 means "as the mood takes one," and 「談」 means a talk; together the word denotes a relaxed, free-form story. Used as in 「漫談を披露する」「漫談家」「政治漫談」. It is a traditional speech art alongside rakugo and kōdan; its distinguishing feature is that it does not center on a specific narrative but rather on topical material and light banter.
AI-generated translation
N4
真ん中
まんなか
The exact center of a place.
AI-generated translation
N4
見える
みえる
For something to come naturally into one's sight. Example:「山が見える」(a mountain can be seen).
AI-generated translation
N3
味方
みかた
ally. A person who stands on one's own side and helps. Example: 「味方につける」 (to win someone over as an ally). The antonym is 「敵」 (enemy).
AI-generated translation
N4
湖
みずうみ
A large body of water surrounded by land.
AI-generated translation
N1
水気
みずけ
The moisture contained in something. Its objects are wide-ranging: the moisture in vegetables and fruit, the droplets left on washed dishes or hair, the dampness felt in humid air or soil, and so on. Used as in 「水気を切る」, 「水気を拭き取る」, 「水気を含んだ髪」. In cooking it frequently appears as an instruction for a cooking step, as in 「茹でた野菜の水気を切る」. Close in meaning to 「水分」, but whereas 「水分」 refers to water in a quantitative or compositional sense, 「水気」 tends to be used in more sensory, practical contexts, such as water left on the surface or a moist feel.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
見せる
みせる
To make it so a person can see something. Example: 「写真を見せる」 (to show a photo).
AI-generated translation
N4
味噌
みそ
A traditional Japanese seasoning made from「大豆（だいず）」(soybeans). Used in miso soup, etc.
AI-generated translation
N1
未曽有
みぞう
Something so rare that it has never happened before. A word expressing 「未だ曽て有らず」 (never yet having existed) in classical Chinese word order, meaning literally "without precedent in the past." A hard word expressing an extremely grave and unprecedented situation, as in 「未曽有の災害」, 「未曽有の危機」, 「未曽有の大事件」. Used in journalism, historical writing, and public settings, rarely used in everyday conversation. Also written 「未曾有」. The reading is 「みぞう」, with the 「ゆう」 not lengthened.
AI-generated translation
N1
見損なう
みそこなう
To misjudge the value of a person or thing. 「損なう」 originally means "to fail to bring something off well," so the original sense is "to fail at seeing correctly." It is most often used in contexts such as 「あの人を見損なった」「君を見損なったよ」 to express disappointment when someone whom one had trusted or thought well of betrays that expectation through their words or actions. It can also mean "to miss seeing something," as in 「映画の最後を見損なう」, though this usage is comparatively rare in modern Japanese.
AI-generated translation
N4
見つかる
みつかる
For something one was looking for to be found. Example:「かぎが見つかる」(a key is found). The paired word is「見つける」(to find).
AI-generated translation
N4
見つける
みつける
To find something one was looking for. The paired word is「見つかる」(to be found).
AI-generated translation
N1
密談
みつだん
To talk together secretly so that others will not find out. 「密」 means hidden from view, and 「談」 means a discussion; combined, the word denotes a secret deliberation. Used as in 「密談を交わす」「密談の場を持つ」「密室で密談する」. It is often used in political, diplomatic, business, or conspiratorial settings, implying that the content of the talk is confidential. Unlike the neutral 「打ち合わせ」「協議」, the word carries the implication that there are circumstances that cannot be made public.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
見つめる
みつめる
To look intently without taking one's eyes away. Example: 「相手の目を見つめる」 (to gaze into the other person's eyes).
AI-generated translation
N1, N3
認める
みとめる
To accept something as correct or true. Example: 「失敗を認める」 (to admit a failure). Also used to mean evaluating something as having value (「実力が認められる」, to have one's ability recognized), or to notice or confirm something by observation (「変化が認められる」, a change is observed).
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
緑
みどり
green. A color like that of tree leaves.
AI-generated translation
N1
見とれる
みとれる
To be so taken by the beauty or excellence of something that one becomes absorbed in gazing at it. Also written 「見惚れる」. 「惚れる」 means "to have one's heart taken," capturing a state in which consciousness is drawn into the appeal of an object. Used as in 「夕日に見とれる」「演技に見とれる」「美しさに見とれる」. The object is limited to things beautiful, excellent, or moving; the word is not used for staring at something critical or negative. It carries the nuance of unconsciously gazing on without noticing how long one has been looking.
AI-generated translation
N4
港
みなと
A place where ships load and unload cargo or people.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
実る
みのる
For a plant to bear fruit. Example: 「稲が実る」 (rice ripens). Also used to mean a good result coming about, as in 「努力が実る」 (effort bears fruit).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
見本
みほん
sample. A model or example shown for reference. Example: 「商品の見本」 (a product sample).
AI-generated translation
N4
見舞い
みまい
To go visit a person who is sick or injured, to cheer them up. Often used in the form 「お見舞いに行く」 (to go visit someone who is ill).
AI-generated translation
N3
未満
みまん
Being less than a number, not including that number itself. Example: 「18歳未満」 (under 18 years old). Whereas 「18歳以下」 includes 18, 「18歳未満」 does not include 18.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
耳
みみ
ear. The part of the body for hearing sound.
AI-generated translation
N1
耳障り
みみざわり
A sound or words felt unpleasant to the ear. A combination of 「耳」 and 「障り (something that hinders or harms)」, expressing something that unpleasantly disturbs hearing. Used as an adjectival noun, as in 「耳障りな音」, 「耳障りな言い方」, 「耳障りな騒音」. It is a word paired with 「目障り」, both expressing sensory discomfort. Note that 「耳触り (the feel something gives to the ear)」 is a different word, which can be used both positively and negatively, as in 「耳触りの良い言葉」.
AI-generated translation
N1
脈絡
みゃくらく
The connection or logical thread of things. 「脈」 is the connection of blood vessels, 「絡」 means to link together, together expressing "a thread running continuously like blood vessels." It refers to the relationship between the parts of speech or writing, the flow of logic, and the causal connection between events. Mostly used in the negative as in 「脈絡がない」, 「脈絡を欠く」, 「脈絡なく話す」, frequently appearing in contexts criticizing a state where the thread of speech does not hold together. Whereas 「文脈」 refers to the connection of preceding and following words, 「脈絡」 refers more broadly to logical and causal connections.
AI-generated translation
N3
未来
みらい
future. Time yet to come. Example: 「明るい未来」 (a bright future). While 「将来」 often refers to one's own personal future, 「未来」 broadly refers to the future of society or the world as well.
AI-generated translation
N1
魅惑
みわく
To attract and bewitch a person's heart. 「魅」 means to captivate the heart, 「惑」 means to confuse and lead the heart astray, together expressing a state of attracting so strongly as to captivate the heart and cloud judgment. Whereas 「魅了」 simply means to attract strongly, 「魅惑」 has a stronger nuance of allure and temptation, expressing a charm that shakes the other's reason. Often used adjectivally as in 「魅惑的な香り」, 「魅惑の眼差し」, 「魅惑のメロディ」, frequently appearing in literary and sensual contexts.
AI-generated translation
N4
向かう
むかう
To proceed toward a certain direction. Example: 「駅に向かう」 (to head toward the station).
AI-generated translation
N4
迎える
むかえる
To wait for and welcome someone who is coming. The antonym is 「送る」 (to see someone off).
AI-generated translation
N4
昔
むかし
An era much earlier than now.
AI-generated translation
N3
向く
むく
For one's face or body to be turned in a certain direction. Example: 「右を向く」 (to face right). Also used to mean being suited to something, as in 「この仕事に向いている」 (suited to this job). 「向く」 is used when one's face or body turns that way, while 「向ける」 is used when a person turns a face or object that way: compare 「右を向く」 with 「顔を右に向ける」.
AI-generated translation
N3
剥く
むく
peel. To remove the outer skin of something. Example: 「りんごの皮を剥く」 (to peel an apple). Often written in hiragana as 「むく」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
向ける
むける
To turn a face or object toward a certain direction. Example: 「カメラを向ける」 (to point a camera). Also used to mean directing one's feelings or attention that way, as in 「注意を向ける」 (to direct one's attention). 「向ける」 is used when a person turns a face or object that way, while 「向く」 is used when one's face or body turns that way: compare 「顔を右に向ける」 with 「右を向く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
無惨
むざん
A state so pitiful and tragic that it is unbearable to watch. Originally a Buddhist term meaning "without a sense of shame or contrition," but it came to be used to mean "exceedingly pitiful." Used for states in which the original form has been damaged, such as accidents, destruction, defeat, and death, as in 「無惨な姿」, 「無惨に踏みにじられる」, 「無惨な最期」. Also written 「無残」, which is likewise common as a modern spelling. A bookish word, frequently appearing in literary and journalistic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N3
無視
むし
Treating something as if it did not exist. Example: 「信号無視」 (ignoring a traffic signal), 「質問を無視する」 (to ignore a question).
AI-generated translation
N4
虫
むし
A small-bodied living creature, such as ants or butterflies.
AI-generated translation
N3
虫歯
むしば
A tooth with a hole caused by bacteria. Example: 「虫歯になる」 (to get a cavity).
AI-generated translation
N1
無尽蔵
むじんぞう
The state of being so abundant in quantity that it never runs out no matter how much is used. 「無尽」 means not running out, 「蔵」 means a store, together expressing "an inexhaustible store." Originally a Buddhist term meaning "inexhaustible merit," but in modern usage it expresses a state in which something that ought to be finite—goods, resources, stamina, affection—is extremely abundant. A hard word used as in 「無尽蔵の資源」, 「体力が無尽蔵だ」, 「無尽蔵のエネルギー」, often used in contrast with finiteness.
AI-generated translation
N3
蒸す
むす
steam. To heat food with hot vapor. Example: 「肉まんを蒸す」 (to steam a meat bun). Also used to mean it is hot and humid, as in 「今日は蒸すね」 (it's humid today, isn't it).
AI-generated translation
N4
息子
むすこ
One's own son.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
結ぶ
むすぶ
To tie things together with a string, etc., and fasten them. Example: 「くつのひもを結ぶ」 (to tie one's shoelaces). Also used to mean establishing a promise or relationship, as in 「契約を結ぶ」 (to conclude a contract).
AI-generated translation
N4
娘
むすめ
One's own daughter.
AI-generated translation
N1
無造作
むぞうさ
A state of doing something easily without taking trouble; or, a state of handling something carelessly without paying attention. 「造作」 originally means "trouble or effort," and 「無造作」 has the original meaning of "taking no trouble." Used as in 「無造作に置く」, 「無造作に髪を結ぶ」, 「無造作な仕草」. It is sometimes used with a positive connotation of being unpretentious and natural, and sometimes with a negative connotation of being careless and inconsiderate, with the nuance changing by context.
AI-generated translation
N3
無駄
むだ
waste. Being of no use. Having no effect. Example: 「時間の無駄」 (a waste of time), 「無駄づかい」 (wasteful spending).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
夢中
むちゅう
Being so absorbed in one thing that one forgets everything else. Example: 「ゲームに夢中になる」 (to be absorbed in a game).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.