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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
要項
ようこう
A document that lists necessary items in itemized form. The character 「項」 means "item," and the word refers to a document that presents specific items such as application requirements, documents to submit, schedules, and contact information in a list format. Used in expressions such as 「募集要項」, 「入試要項」, or 「申込要項」. Its defining feature is that it is a practical document the reader consults in order to carry out concrete procedures.
AI-generated translation
N1
養生
ようじょう
Taking care of one's body in order to maintain health. In particular, the word refers to resting quietly or avoiding strain in order to recover from illness or injury. Used in expressions such as 「術後は養生する」, 「十分な養生を心がける」, or 「養生に努める」. Used in slightly formal contexts rather than everyday conversation, and can be applied to both long-term health management and convalescence after illness. Note that 「生」 is read as 「じょう」. In construction and civil engineering, 「養生」 also refers to protecting concrete while it sets, but this is a derived technical use.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
様子
ようす
The visible state or condition of something. Example: 「空の様子」 (the look of the sky), 「様子を見る」 (to see how things are/wait and see).
AI-generated translation
N2
要請
ようせい
To strongly request something as being necessary.
AI-generated translation
N2
養成
ようせい
To teach and train someone so that they acquire full-fledged ability or skill.
AI-generated translation
N2
要約
ようやく
To sum up the main points of a piece of writing or speech briefly.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
よく
よく
often. A state of doing something many times. Also used to mean "skillfully," as in 「よくできました」 (well done).
AI-generated translation
N2
予言
よげん
Foretelling something that will happen in the future, or the content of such a foretelling. Used in expressions such as 「予言する」, 「予言者」, or 「予言が的中する」. Often used in fortune-telling, religious, or mystical contexts, referring to announcements about the future based on intuition, inspiration, or revelation rather than firm evidence. Scientific predictions of the future are expressed with 「予測」 or 「予報」, not 「予言」. Also used for predictions whose accuracy is not assured, as in 「世紀末の予言」 or 「ノストラダムスの予言」.
AI-generated translation
N2
余地
よち
Room or possibility for doing or accepting something. Originally referred to physical "leftover space," but in modern Japanese the word is mainly used in an abstract sense meaning "the range of what can be allowed" or "room still available for something." Used in expressions such as 「議論の余地」, 「弁解の余地がない」, 「改善の余地」, or 「疑う余地もない」, and frequently appears in negative contexts in the form 「〜の余地がない」.
AI-generated translation
N2
予知
よち
Sensing or knowing in advance that something will happen before it occurs. The character 「知」 means "to know," and the word is used for grasping future events through observation, reasoning, or supernatural ability. Used in both scientific and technical contexts such as 「地震予知」 (earthquake prediction) and supernatural contexts such as 「予知能力」 or 「予知夢」 (premonitory dream). While 「予言」 emphasizes the act of telling, 「予知」 emphasizes the act of knowing or perceiving.
AI-generated translation
N1
予兆
よちょう
A sign or omen that appears before something occurs. The character 「兆」 means "sign" or "omen," and 「予」 means "in advance." Used for phenomena or sensations indicating that something is approaching but has not yet actually happened, such as earthquakes, disasters, changes, or ominous events. Often used as a noun in the form 「〜の予兆」, as in 「地震の予兆」, 「不吉な予兆」, or 「変化の予兆」. A somewhat formal, written-style word, used for both objectively observable signs and vague intuitive premonitions.
AI-generated translation
N2
呼びかけ
よびかけ
To call out to many people and urge them to take a certain action.
AI-generated translation
N2, N4, N5
呼ぶ
よぶ
call. To say a person's name, etc., aloud to get their attention.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
読む
よむ
read. To look at characters and grasp their meaning.
AI-generated translation
N2
落差
らくさ
The difference in height that water or the like falls; also, a large gap between two things.
AI-generated translation
N1
拉致
らち
The act of forcibly taking a person away against their will. Refers to moving someone's body against their wishes. Used in expressions such as 「観光客が拉致される」 or 「拉致事件」. Close in meaning to 「誘拐」 (abduction), but more often used for politically or organizationally motivated incidents.
AI-generated translation
N1
埒
らち
「埒」 originally referred to the fence of a horse training ground, and from there came to mean the boundary or settlement of a matter. In modern Japanese, it is used almost exclusively in the idiom 「埒が明かない」 (meaning that things are not settled and not progressing). Used in expressions such as 「議論が埒が明かない」 or 「いつまでも埒が明かない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
埒外
らちがい
The state of being outside the scope, expectations, or rules of something. Used in the form 「〜の埒外」, as in 「予想の埒外」, 「議論の埒外」, or 「規則の埒外」. For 「埒」, the word it derives from, see the separate entry.
AI-generated translation
N2
楽観
らっかん
To think positively that things will go well.
AI-generated translation
N2
乱用
らんよう
To use a right, power, or the like carelessly or excessively.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
理解
りかい
understanding. Correctly grasping the meaning or content of something. Example: 「話を理解する」 (to understand what someone is saying). Also used to mean being considerate of another person's feelings, as in 「理解のある上司」 (an understanding boss).
AI-generated translation
N2
理屈
りくつ
The logic of a matter; also, a forced or far-fetched reason.
AI-generated translation
N1
利己
りこ
An attitude or way of thinking that prioritizes only one's own interests. Most often used in the forms 「利己的な〜」, 「利己心」, or 「利己主義」, in contexts that criticize a selfish stance lacking consideration for others. The antonym is 「利他」.
AI-generated translation
N1
履行
りこう
Carrying out something that has already been decided, such as a contract, promise, or obligation. Used in contexts of fulfilling what one must do, as in 「契約を履行する」 or 「義務を履行する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
利点
りてん
A point in which something is superior compared to others; a useful feature.
AI-generated translation
N1
略奪
りゃくだつ
The act of forcibly seizing the possessions of others. Originally referred to the taking of goods during war or riots. Used in expressions such as 「都市が略奪される」 or 「略奪行為が後を絶たない」.
AI-generated translation
N2
流通
りゅうつう
Goods passing from producers to consumers; also, something being widely used or accepted.
AI-generated translation
N2
良識
りょうしき
The ability to judge right and wrong calmly and soundly. Refers to the standard of judgment considered reasonable in society at large. Used in expressions such as 「良識ある大人」 or 「良識を疑う」. While 「常識」 refers to widely shared knowledge, 「良識」 emphasizes the judgment based on such knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N2
了承
りょうしょう
To take the circumstances into account and give one's consent.
AI-generated translation
N2
臨機応変
りんきおうへん
Responding flexibly and appropriately to changes in situation or circumstance. Used both adjectivally and adverbially, as in 「臨機応変な対応」 or 「臨機応変に処理する」. A four-character idiom that positively evaluates an attitude of acting on the spot with resourcefulness rather than following a rigid template.
AI-generated translation
N2
臨時
りんじ
Doing something not at a fixed time, but as needed on a particular occasion.
AI-generated translation
N2
累計
るいけい
To add things up one after another into a running total; also, that total itself.
AI-generated translation
N2
類似
るいじ
Being very similar to one another.
AI-generated translation
N1
類推
るいすい
Inferring something unknown based on similar examples or known facts. Used in contexts involving logical reasoning, as in 「過去の例から類推する」 or 「類推によって結論を導く」.
AI-generated translation
N1
流布
るふ
Spreading widely and circulating throughout society. Used when rumors, information, or ideas become known to many people. Used in expressions such as 「噂が流布する」 or 「誤った情報が流布している」. The character 「流」 is read here as the short 「ル」, not 「リュウ」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
例
れい
example. A specific thing of the same kind shown to explain something. Example: 「例を挙げる」 (to give an example). Also used in the phrase 「例の話」 to refer to a matter that both parties already know about.
AI-generated translation
N2
冷静
れいせい
Judging things calmly, without being swayed by emotion.
AI-generated translation
N1
歴然
れきぜん
A state in which the existence of something or the difference between things is so clear that anyone can see it. Used for objective facts, differences, or evidence, not for emotions or subjective judgments. Used in expressions such as 「歴然たる事実」, 「実力差が歴然となる」, or 「歴然と現れる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
劣化
れっか
A quality or property deteriorating from what it originally was.
AI-generated translation
N2
劣等感
れっとうかん
The feeling that one is inferior to others. Used in expressions such as 「劣等感を持つ」 or 「劣等感を抱く」. It refers not to a momentary low mood but to a feeling that persists in the mind. The antonym is 「優越感」 (a sense of superiority). Another word containing 「劣等」 is 「劣等生」, which refers to a person whose grades or performance are poor.
AI-generated translation
N2
劣等生
れっとうせい
A student whose grades or performance are inferior to others'. The antonym is 「優等生」 (an honor student). Besides school grades, it is also used to humble oneself about being the weakest in a group, as in 「この分野では私は劣等生だ」 (In this field I am the poor performer). Another word containing 「劣等」 is 「劣等感」, which refers to the feeling of being inferior.
AI-generated translation
N2
廉価
れんか
Being inexpensive relative to quality, or selling something at a low price. Used in reference to the prices of products and services, as in 「廉価版」 or 「廉価で提供する」. The character 「廉」 means "cheap" or "inexpensive."
AI-generated translation
N2
連携
れんけい
Parties who share the same goal keeping in contact and cooperating with one another.
AI-generated translation
N2
連帯
れんたい
Two or more people being bound together and sharing their actions and feelings. As in 「連帯感」「労働者の連帯」, it expresses solidarity among companions. It also refers to several parties being bound together and bearing responsibility jointly; 「連帯責任」「連帯保証人」 express a relationship in which an obligation that one person would bear is taken on by everyone.
AI-generated translation
N2
老朽
ろうきゅう
Becoming old and no longer usable.
AI-generated translation
N1
狼藉
ろうぜき
Violent and unmannerly behavior, or a state of things being scattered in disarray. Originally referred to the appearance of things scattered like the traces left by a wolf trampling grass, and from there extended to mean violent conduct. Used in expressions such as 「狼藉を働く」 or 「無礼狼藉」.
AI-generated translation
N2
労働
ろうどう
Working with one's body or mind to earn income; labor. 労働時間 (working hours), 肉体労働 (manual labor).
AI-generated translation
N1
狼狽
ろうばい
Losing one's composure and becoming flustered due to an unexpected event. Used in contexts of being shaken or thrown off balance, as in 「突然の連絡に狼狽する」 or 「狼狽した様子を見せる」. A formal, written-style word.
AI-generated translation
N2
浪費
ろうひ
To waste money, time, or the like.
AI-generated translation
N1
濾過
ろか
Passing liquids or gases through a mesh, paper, cloth, or similar material to remove impurities or solids. Used widely in scientific, industrial, and everyday contexts, as in 「水を濾過する」 or 「コーヒーを濾過する」.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.