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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
基調
きちょう
「基」 means foundation, and 「調」 means tone or rhythm; together they refer to the foundational tone. It refers to the basic tone or direction running through the whole. Used in expressions like 「基調講演」, 「基調を成す」, or 「青を基調とした」. It is a somewhat formal word used in broad fields including color, music, economic trends, and speeches.
AI-generated translation
N2
気遣い
きづかい
「気」 means feeling, and 「遣う」 means to use; together they mean to use one's feelings, that is, to think of others and pay attention to them. Used in expressions like 「お気遣いありがとうございます」 or 「細やかな気遣い」. It is a word expressing polite consideration that smooths human relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
喫緊
きっきん
「喫」 means to undergo or feel keenly, and 「緊」 means urgent; together they mean to feel urgency keenly upon oneself. It refers to being pressing and important. It is a fixed expression used in forms like 「喫緊の課題」 or 「喫緊の問題」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in political, economic, and administrative documents, referring to matters that must be dealt with immediately.
AI-generated translation
N1
詰問
きつもん
「詰」 means to press in or to corner, and 「問」 means to ask; together they mean to press in and ask. It refers to severely questioning someone in a reproachful manner. Used in expressions like 「詰問する」 or 「詰問を受ける」. Unlike simply asking a question, it is a formal word with a nuance of pressing the other party.
AI-generated translation
N1
既定
きてい
「既」 means already, and 「定」 means to determine; together they mean already determined. It refers to something already decided. Used in expressions like 「既定路線」 or 「既定の方針」, in combination with a following noun. It is a formal word frequently appearing in meetings and administrative documents, indicating that there is no room for change.
AI-generated translation
N2
規定
きてい
An official rule that determines how something is to be done.
AI-generated translation
N2
軌道
きどう
(1) The fixed path along which a celestial body or artificial satellite moves. 「地球の軌道」. (2) The course along which something proceeds smoothly. 「事業が軌道に乗る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
既得
きとく
It refers to having already obtained something as one's own. Used in expressions like 「既得権」 or 「既得権益」, it is used in combination with a following noun, and is a formal word frequently appearing in political and economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
気長
きなが
「気」 means feeling, and 「長」 means long; together they describe maintaining one's feelings in a long, leisurely way. It refers to the disposition of being able to wait calmly without hurrying. Used in expressions like 「気長に待つ」 or 「気長な性格」. It is a somewhat formal word that positively expresses patience, and is the antonym of 「気短」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
気の毒
きのどく
Feeling sympathy for another person's misfortune or suffering. 気の毒に思う (feel sorry for someone). Also used for feeling apologetic about troubling someone (わざわざ来てもらって気の毒なことをした "I felt bad for making them come all this way").
AI-generated translation
N1
気迫
きはく
「気」 means vigor, and 「迫」 means pressing in or pressing momentum; together they refer to vigor that presses upon the other party. It refers to a feeling so strong that it overwhelms others. It is a somewhat formal word for momentum in competitive or performance contexts, as in 「気迫がこもる」 or 「気迫に満ちた演技」.
AI-generated translation
N2
規範
きはん
「規」 means rule, and 「範」 means a model or pattern; together they refer to rules and models that should be followed. It refers to a standard that serves as a model for the conduct and judgment people should follow. Used in expressions like 「社会規範」 or 「行動規範」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in ethical, moral, and legal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
忌避
きひ
「忌」 means to abhor, and 「避」 means to avoid; together they mean to avoid out of dislike. Used in expressions like 「責任を忌避する」 or 「裁判官を忌避する」. It is a formal word often used in legal and social-system contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
気品
きひん
「気」 means atmosphere, and 「品」 means dignity; together they refer to dignity that naturally emanates. It refers to the elegance that naturally emanates from one's appearance or attitude. It is a somewhat formal word used positively for people, gestures, and artworks, as in 「気品がある」 or 「気品にあふれる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
寄付
きふ
To donate money or goods for public or charitable purposes.
AI-generated translation
N2
気風
きふう
「気」 means temperament, and 「風」 means local atmosphere; together they refer to the temperament and atmosphere unique to a place or group. It refers to the distinctive temperament and atmosphere commonly seen in a group or land. It is a somewhat formal word for speaking about the character of a region or organization, as in 「下町の気風」 or 「自由な気風」.
AI-generated translation
N2
起伏
きふく
(1) The ups and downs of terrain. 「起伏のある地形」. (2) The ups and downs of a matter or of one's emotions. 「感情の起伏が激しい」.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まぐれ
きまぐれ
「気」 means feeling, and 「まぐれ」 means to be unsettled or shaken; together they mean that one's feelings shift and do not settle. It refers to attitudes or actions changing easily according to the mood of the moment. Used in expressions like 「気まぐれな性格」 or 「気まぐれに立ち寄る」. It is a somewhat formal word leaning toward colloquial use, used both in mildly negative and mildly positive senses.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まずい
きまずい
It refers to a feeling in which the relationship with the other party becomes awkward and the atmosphere of that place becomes bad. Used in expressions like 「気まずい思いをする」 or 「気まずい雰囲気」, it is a word for friction in human relations.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まま
きまま
「気」 means feeling, and 「まま」 means as one wishes; together they mean to act as one's feelings move. It refers to behaving as one wishes without worrying about those around. Used in expressions like 「気ままな一人旅」 or 「気ままに暮らす」. It is a somewhat formal word with a positive nuance expressing freedom.
AI-generated translation
N1
欺瞞
ぎまん
To deceive and trick someone. Used in expressions like 「欺瞞に満ちた」, it is often said to strongly criticize an attitude of covering something up with a false appearance.
AI-generated translation
N2
気味
きみ
A feeling something gives you. Used as in いい気味だ (serves you right — an expression of pleasure at someone's failure). Also attached after other words, as in 風邪気味 (having a slight cold), 遅れ気味 (running a bit behind), to show a slight tendency; when attached, it is read with voicing as ぎみ.
AI-generated translation
N1
肝煎り
きもいり
「肝」 means liver, here as a metaphor for enthusiasm and concern, and 「煎り」 means to roast; together they convey caring for something to the point of putting one's heart into it as if roasting it. It refers to an influential person actively taking care and putting in effort to realize something. Used in expressions like 「社長の肝煎りで始まったプロジェクト」, it is a formal expression indicating the existence of a backer, used in business and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
逆転
ぎゃくてん
A position, situation, or the like becoming the reverse of what it was before.
AI-generated translation
N2
客観
きゃっかん
To view things from a third party's standpoint, apart from one's own perspective and feelings. The word with the opposite meaning is 「主観」.
AI-generated translation
N1
逆境
ぎゃっきょう
「逆」 means contrary, and 「境」 means boundary or situation; together they refer to a situation that goes against one's wishes. It refers to an unfortunate situation or hard environment in which things do not go as one wishes. Used in expressions like 「逆境に立ち向かう」 or 「逆境を乗り越える」. It is a somewhat formal word frequently appearing when speaking of figures who face difficulties.
AI-generated translation
N2
救援
きゅうえん
To help people in trouble or a disaster-stricken area.
AI-generated translation
N2
急きょ
きゅうきょ
Doing something suddenly and hurriedly. The 「きょ」 is the kanji 「遽」, but it is not used in everyday writing, so this word is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N2
究極
きゅうきょく
「究」 means to investigate to the utmost, and 「極」 means to reach the extreme; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the final stage or highest state reached by pursuing something to its end. Used in expressions like 「究極の目的」 or 「究極の選択」. It is a somewhat formal word expressing the result of pursuing something to the limit.
AI-generated translation
N2
窮屈
きゅうくつ
It refers to a state of not being able to move freely due to space or constraints being strict. Used in expressions like 「窮屈な部屋」 or 「窮屈な思いをする」, it is a word used both physically and mentally.
AI-generated translation
N2
救済
きゅうさい
To help someone who is suffering or in trouble.
AI-generated translation
N2
給仕
きゅうじ
To serve food and drink and attend to guests at a meal; also, the person who does this. A somewhat old expression; nowadays 「接客」 is often used instead.
AI-generated translation
N2
急進的
きゅうしんてき
Describing the manner of trying to advance toward a goal all at once. Used in expressions like 「急進的な改革」 (radical reform) or 「急進的な意見」 (radical opinions) to express that change happens faster and on a larger scale than usual. Proceeding little by little is called 「漸進的」, though 「段階的」 (step-by-step) is more common in everyday use. Another word containing 「急進」 is 「急進派」, which refers to people who take such a position.
AI-generated translation
N2
急進派
きゅうしんは
People who take the position of changing the current way of doing things or the current system drastically and all at once. Often used in political contexts and typically contrasted with 「穏健派」 (the moderates), who seek gradual change. Another word containing 「急進」 is 「急進的」, which describes such a way of thinking or proceeding.
AI-generated translation
N1
窮する
きゅうする
「窮」 means to come to an end or to reach a dead end. It refers to being stuck in a matter and struggling to know how to respond. Used in expressions like 「答えに窮する」 or 「返答に窮する」. It is also used for money or livelihood becoming unsustainable, as in 「生活に窮する」 or 「資金に窮する」. A formal verb that often takes a fixed set of objects.
AI-generated translation
N1
旧態
きゅうたい
「旧」 means old, and 「態」 means appearance or condition; together they refer to a state that remains as old as ever. It refers to an old state that has not progressed at all from the past. Almost always used in the form 「旧態依然」, it is a formal word critically referring to an unchanged old constitution.
AI-generated translation
N1
窮地
きゅうち
「窮」 means to come to an end or be cornered, and 「地」 means place; together they refer to a situation of being cornered. It refers to a painful situation in which there is no way out and one is driven to the wall. Used in expressions like 「窮地に陥る」 or 「窮地を脱する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in contexts of being cornered, in politics, economy, and sports.
AI-generated translation
N1
旧知
きゅうち
「旧」 means old, and 「知」 means an acquaintance; together they refer to an acquaintance from long ago. It refers to a person whom one has known for a long time. Used in expressions like 「旧知の仲」 or 「旧知の友」. It is a somewhat formal word for a longtime acquaintance in formal contexts, often used in writing.
AI-generated translation
N1
急騰
きゅうとう
「急」 means sudden, and 「騰」 means to leap up; the latter character originally depicted a horse rearing up. Because it means to suddenly leap up, the word refers to prices or numerical values rising sharply and suddenly. Used in expressions like 「株価が急騰する」 or 「物価が急騰する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in economic news, referring to sudden upward change.
AI-generated translation
N1
旧弊
きゅうへい
「旧」 means old, and 「弊」 means bad practice; together they mean old bad practice. It refers to bad customs or ways of thinking that have continued from old times. Used in expressions like 「旧弊を打破する」 or 「旧弊にとらわれる」, it is used negatively in contexts speaking of reform or modernization. It is a formal word.
AI-generated translation
N2
急変
きゅうへん
「急」 means sudden, and 「変」 means to change; together they mean to change suddenly. It refers to a state or situation changing sharply and suddenly. Used in expressions like 「容態が急変する」 or 「事態が急変する」. It is a formal word expressing serious change in news and medical contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
窮乏
きゅうぼう
「窮」 means to be cornered, and 「乏」 means to be scarce; together they mean to fall into a state of being cornered and lacking. It refers to a state of being severely in trouble due to lack of money or goods. Used in expressions like 「窮乏生活」 or 「家計が窮乏する」. It is a formal word used in newspapers and editorials rather than everyday conversation, indicating serious economic distress.
AI-generated translation
N1
急務
きゅうむ
「急」 means urgent, and 「務」 means duty; together they refer to a duty that must be undertaken urgently. It refers to a task that must be tackled as soon as possible. Used in expressions like 「急務である」 or 「○○は急務だ」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in policy and management contexts, indicating high priority.
AI-generated translation
N1
究明
きゅうめい
「究」 means to investigate to the utmost, and 「明」 means to make clear; together they mean to investigate thoroughly and make clear. It refers to deeply investigating the cause or truth of a matter and making it plain. Used in expressions like 「原因究明」 or 「真相究明」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in public contexts such as accident reports and investigation findings.
AI-generated translation
N2
給与
きゅうよ
Money paid by an employer for one's work; also, to give money or goods.
AI-generated translation
N2
急落
きゅうらく
「急」 means sudden, and 「落」 means to fall; together they mean to fall suddenly. It refers to prices or numerical values dropping sharply and suddenly. Used in expressions like 「株価が急落する」 or 「支持率が急落する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in economic and political news, referring to sudden downward change.
AI-generated translation
N1
丘陵
きゅうりょう
「丘」 means hill, and 「陵」 means a mound or low hill; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a low mountainous area with gentle undulations. It refers to terrain that lies between plains and mountains. Used in expressions like 「丘陵地帯」 or 「多摩丘陵」, it is a formal word used in geographical and nature descriptions.
AI-generated translation
N2
寄与
きよ
To exert effort for something and be of use to it. 「発展に寄与する」. A more formal, written word than 「貢献」, which has the same meaning.
AI-generated translation
N2
器用
きよう
It refers to being good at fine work using one's hands. Used in expressions like 「手先が器用」 or 「器用な人」. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of "skillful in social conduct," and is a somewhat formal word for evaluating people.
AI-generated translation
N2
凶悪
きょうあく
「凶」 means calamity or evil, and 「悪」 also means bad; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to being extremely vicious and brutal. Used in expressions like 「凶悪犯」 or 「凶悪事件」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in crime news, referring to serious wrongdoing involving human life.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.