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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
違憲
いけん
Being in violation of the constitution. Used in cases where laws or acts of government go against the provisions of the constitution. Used as in 「違憲判決」 or 「違憲審査」. A word used in formal legal and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
威厳
いげん
A dignified and imposing quality so great that one finds it difficult to approach. Refers to the aura that commands respect, possessed by people of high status, elders, or those in leading positions. Used as in 「威厳がある」 or 「威厳を保つ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
憩う
いこう
Resting one's body and calming one's heart between work or travel. Used in scenes of quietly spending time in places where one can take a breather, such as parks or rest areas. Used as in 「木陰で憩う」 or 「人々が憩う広場」. A word with a literary and formal resonance.
AI-generated translation
N1
意向
いこう
One's thoughts or wishes about what one wants to do or intends to do from now on. Used as in 「意向を示す」 or 「意向を確認する」, frequently used in formal scenes when inquiring about the views of superiors or organizations.
AI-generated translation
N1
異国
いこく
A country other than one's own. Used as in 「異国の地」 or 「異国情緒」 in scenes evoking differences in culture and climate. A somewhat literary word.
AI-generated translation
N1
異彩
いさい
A color that stands out from others, and by extension, the quality of being distinctly conspicuous compared to others. Used almost exclusively in the fixed expression 「異彩を放つ」, in positive contexts where someone's outstanding individuality or originality stands out among their surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
潔い
いさぎよい
A state of having no lingering attachment and being clean about it. It also describes being upright and free of wrongdoing. Used in expressions like 「潔く負けを認める」 and 「潔い態度」.
AI-generated translation
N2
いざこざ
いざこざ
A minor dispute or quarrel. Used in expressions like 「いざこざが起きる」 and 「いざこざに巻き込まれる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
勇ましい
いさましい
A state overflowing with the spirit of facing things without fear. Used for the stance of advancing without retreating in scenes of fighting or challenge, as in 「勇ましい掛け声」 or 「勇ましい姿」. Mostly used with positive evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N2
意地
いじ
The feeling of wanting to push through one's own ideas or position. Often used in forms like 「意地を張る」, 「意地になる」, or 「意地でも〜する」. There are also compound expressions describing personality, such as 「意地が悪い」 or 「意地汚い」.
AI-generated translation
N2
維持
いじ
To keep a certain state unchanged, maintaining it as it is.
AI-generated translation
N2
意志
いし
The mental drive to carry something through; will. 意志が強い (strong-willed), 本人の意志で決める (decide by one's own will). The homophone 意思 refers to one's thoughts or intentions (意思を確認する "confirm someone's intention"), while 意志, described as strong or weak, refers to willpower.
AI-generated translation
N1
異質
いしつ
A quality or type that differs from others. Used as in 「異質な文化」 or 「異質な存在」, referring to something fundamentally different in nature from its surroundings. It carries not merely the meaning of "unusual," but the implication that the substance is fundamentally different.
AI-generated translation
N2
遺失物
いしつぶつ
An item that has left its owner's hands by being dropped or left behind. Items found at stations or shops are collected at a 「遺失物取扱所」 (lost-and-found office), and the person who lost them files a 「遺失物届」 (lost property report) to have them searched for. This is a formal expression used in laws and facility notices; in everyday conversation 「落とし物」 or 「忘れ物」 is more common. Because it refers to something the owner parted with by accident, it is not used for stolen items.
AI-generated translation
N5
医者
いしゃ
doctor. A person whose job is treating illness or injury. Often referred to politely as 「お医者さん」.
AI-generated translation
N1
慰謝料
いしゃりょう
Money paid to compensate for mental suffering. Demanded in cases such as divorce, traffic accidents, or having one's honor injured. Used as in 「慰謝料を請求する」 or 「慰謝料を支払う」. A word used in legal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
移住
いじゅう
To move one's place of living to a different region or country and settle there.
AI-generated translation
N2
萎縮
いしゅく
To shrink and become smaller. It also describes becoming timid and unable to act boldly. Used in expressions like 「筋肉が萎縮する」 and 「萎縮して何も言えない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
意匠
いしょう
A creative design regarding the shape or pattern of an object. Refers to inventiveness related to the appearance of industrial products or craft works. Used as in 「意匠登録」 or 「凝った意匠」. Also a branch of intellectual property alongside patents.
AI-generated translation
N1
異色
いしょく
A state in which distinctive features stand out compared to others. Used in forms modifying nouns, such as 「異色の経歴」 or 「異色の作品」. Implies not merely being rare, but that the nature is clearly different from others.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
移植
いしょく
To transplant a plant to another location; also, to transplant tissue or an organ from a living body to another.
AI-generated translation
N1
いじらしい
いじらしい
A state of seeing a small child or someone in a weaker position courageously striving or enduring, and feeling pity and tenderness. Used as in 「いじらしい姿」 or 「いじらしく見える」.
AI-generated translation
N2
意地悪
いじわる
To deliberately trouble or harass someone. It also refers to a person with such a nature. Used in expressions like 「意地悪な質問」 and 「意地悪をする」.
AI-generated translation
N1
威信
いしん
The power that gathers respect and trust from those around. Used for the weight held by nations, organizations, or persons of standing. Used as in 「威信をかける」 or 「威信が揺らぐ」. Often spoken of as something that, once lost, is difficult to recover.
AI-generated translation
N1
維新
いしん
Completely renewing old systems and institutions. In history, it often refers specifically to the Meiji Restoration 「明治維新」, used as in 「維新の志士」 or 「平成維新」 to mean major social transformation. A formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
以心伝心
いしんでんしん
The mutual understanding of feelings between two people without needing to speak. Used in scenes where intentions are conveyed without language, such as between long-married couples, well-attuned partners, or master-disciple relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1, N5
椅子
いす
chair. A tool for sitting on. Often written in hiragana or katakana as 「いす」 or 「イス」.
AI-generated translation
N2
居座る
いすわる
To remain and refuse to move from a place one should originally leave. Used in expressions like 「社長の座に居座る」 and 「台風が居座る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
威勢
いせい
A word expressing a state of having vigor and momentum. Used in forms like 「威勢がいい」 or 「威勢よく」 for a person's voice, attitude, or the atmosphere of a shop. Refers not to physical force but to a lively, cheerful state.
AI-generated translation
N2
依然
いぜん
A state in which conditions continue unchanged from before. Used as in 「依然として」 or 「依然〜のままだ」, a formal adverb emphasizing that no improvement or change is visible.
AI-generated translation
N5
忙しい
いそがしい
busy. Having a lot to do, with no time. Example: 「しごとで忙しい」 (busy with work).
AI-generated translation
N2
遺族
いぞく
A word for the family members left behind after someone has died. Used as in 「遺族に弔意を表す」 or 「遺族の悲しみ」 in formal contexts related to death.
AI-generated translation
N1
勤しむ
いそしむ
To devote oneself diligently to something. Used in phrases like 「仕事に勤しむ」 or 「研究に勤しむ」 to mean focusing intently on one thing. A written-language word used in formal style.
AI-generated translation
N5
痛い
いたい
A state of feeling unpleasant sensation in the body due to injury or illness. Example: 「頭が痛い」 (having a headache), 「おなかが痛い」 (having a stomachache).
AI-generated translation
N1
痛々しい
いたいたしい
A state so pitiful that the viewer cannot bear to keep watching. Used for figures with injuries, emaciation, or pushing themselves too hard, expressed as in 「痛々しい姿」 or 「痛々しくて見ていられない」.
AI-generated translation
N2
委託
いたく
Asking and entrusting one's work or authority to a reliable other party. Used not between individuals, but in formal contexts where companies or organizations outsource work externally. Used as in 「業務を委託する」 or 「委託販売」.
AI-generated translation
N1
痛手
いたで
A heavy loss or serious emotional blow. Used in expressions such as 「痛手を受ける」 and 「痛手を負う」. Originally referred to a deep physical wound, but in modern usage it more often refers metaphorically to economic losses or emotional pain rather than literal injuries.
AI-generated translation
N2
板挟み
いたばさみ
To stand between two conflicting parties and suffer from being unable to side with either. Used in expressions like 「上司と部下の板挟みになる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
痛ましい
いたましい
A state so pitiful that even looking at it makes one's heart ache and one's spirits sink. Used for serious and irredeemable situations such as accidents, disasters, or the misfortune of small children, as in 「痛ましい事故」 or 「痛ましい光景」.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
至る
いたる
To reach a place, state, or result. Used for places (駅に至る道 "the road leading to the station") and for outcomes (結論に至る "reach a conclusion"). Mostly used in writing. Also appears in a pattern emphasizing the ends of a range (頭のてっぺんから足の先に至るまで "from the top of the head down to the tips of the toes").
AI-generated translation
N1
異端
いたん
Deviating from the ways of thinking or positions considered correct in that era or society. Used as in 「異端とされる」 or 「異端の画家」, referring to existence not easily accepted from the mainstream's viewpoint.
AI-generated translation
N2
市
いち
An event where people gather at a set day or place to buy and sell goods. Used as in "駅前に市が立つ" (a market is held in front of the station), "朝市", or "古本市". Its characteristic is that it is held on set days rather than being a permanently open shop. The same "市" read as "し" is a different word meaning an administrative division larger than a town.
AI-generated translation
N2
一因
いちいん
One of several causes that brought about a certain result. A formal word that presupposes there are other causes besides this one, not the sole cause. Used as in 「〜の一因となる」 or 「一因として挙げられる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
一概に
いちがいに
An adverb used in combination with negative expressions such as 「〜とは言えない」 or 「〜には決められない」. Expresses the meaning that one cannot decide on the whole based on a single standard. Frequently appears in articles and commentaries when pointing out the existence of exceptions.
AI-generated translation
N5
一月
いちがつ
The 1st month of the year.
AI-generated translation
N1
一撃
いちげき
A single strong attack or blow. Used in the forms 「一撃を加える」 or 「一撃で〜する」. Besides physical strikes, it is also used metaphorically for the strong impact caused by remarks or events.
AI-generated translation
N2
著しい
いちじるしい
A state in which change or difference is conspicuously large. Used for clearly recognizable degrees of magnitude, such as growth in numbers or changes in situation. The adverbial usage 「著しく向上する」 is also common. A word used in formal style.
AI-generated translation
N2
一段と
いちだんと
A state in which the degree of something increases further compared with before. Used in expressions like 「一段と寒くなる」 and 「一段と美しい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
一任
いちにん
Entrusting all judgment or handling of a matter to another person. Used as in 「交渉を一任する」 or 「後任の人選を彼に一任した」 in scenes of leaving the responsibility itself to the other party. A formal written word.
AI-generated translation
N5
一番
いちばん
The very first in order. Example: 「一番の人」 (the first person). Also used to mean "the most," as in 「一番高い」 (the most expensive).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.