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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
結託
けったく
「結」 means to bind, and 「託」 means to entrust; together they mean to be bound together and rely on each other. It refers to joining hands with others to do wrong. Used in expressions like 「業者と結託する」 or 「内部の者と結託する」, in contexts of improper conspiracy. Unlike 「協力」, which is neutral, this word has a negative meaning.
AI-generated translation
N2
決断
けつだん
To cut off hesitation and make up one's mind clearly.
AI-generated translation
N2
血統
けっとう
It refers to the blood connection passed down from parents to children, that is, the family line. Used in expressions like 「名門の血統」 or 「血統書」, it is used in contexts that emphasize the lineage of people or animals.
AI-generated translation
N1
血肉
けつにく
Refers to blood relations or knowledge and experience deeply absorbed into oneself. Read as 「けつにく」, but can also be read as 「ちにく」. Used in expressions like 「血肉を分けた兄弟」「経験を血肉とする」.
AI-generated translation
N1
潔白
けっぱく
It refers to having absolutely nothing guilty in one's heart or actions. Used in expressions like 「身の潔白を証明する」 or 「潔白を主張する」, it is a formal word used in contexts where a person under suspicion proclaims their innocence.
AI-generated translation
N1
傑物
けつぶつ
A word referring to a person of extraordinary ability or stature. Used in expressions like「歴史に名を残す傑物」, this is a formal way of highly praising the subject.
AI-generated translation
N1
潔癖
けっぺき
It refers to a nature of extremely disliking unclean things, or to a strict attitude that does not tolerate impropriety or ambiguity. Used in expressions like 「潔癖な性格」 or 「金銭に潔癖だ」, it is a formal word that expresses the strictness of character or ethical sense.
AI-generated translation
N1
欠乏
けつぼう
「欠」 means to lack, and 「乏」 means to be scarce; the word combines two synonymous characters expressing insufficiency. It refers to a state in which what is needed is not enough. Used in expressions like 「ビタミン欠乏」 or 「物資の欠乏」, it is a formal word for not reaching the proper amount, frequently appearing in nutrition and resource contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
血脈
けつみゃく
A word for blood relations or lineage. Used in formal writing to emphasize the continuity of a family line or lineage, as in「王家の血脈」「血脈を絶やさない」.
AI-generated translation
N5
月曜日
げつようび
Monday. A day of the week. The day after Sunday.
AI-generated translation
N2
欠落
けつらく
「欠」 means to lack, and 「落」 means to fall or drop out; together they mean to drop out and be missing. It is a word expressing that what should originally be present has fallen away. Used in expressions like 「責任感の欠落」 or 「データの欠落」, it is a formal word for a state in which a necessary element or ability has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N2
けなす
けなす
It is a verb that expresses speaking ill of someone or something. Used in expressions like 「人をけなす」 or 「作品をけなす」, in situations of valuing something low and criticizing it. It is the opposite meaning of 「ほめる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮病
けびょう
Pretending to be ill when one is not. Used as a pretext to skip school or work. The set pattern is to combine with the verb「使う」, as in「仮病を使う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
下劣
げれつ
A word describing a person's character or actions as base and lacking in dignity. A formal expression used to strongly criticize someone, as in「下劣な手段」「下劣な発言」.
AI-generated translation
N1
権威
けんい
It refers to a position of having outstanding knowledge and ability in a field and being trusted by people, or to a legitimate power that makes others submit. Used in expressions like 「経済学の権威」 or 「権威を失う」.
AI-generated translation
N1
権益
けんえき
「権」 means right, and 「益」 means benefit; together they mean rights and the benefits that accompany them. It refers to rights and the benefits gained along with them. Used in expressions like 「既得権益」 or 「海外権益」, it is a formal word for the interests secured by a state or enterprise. It is often seen in newspapers and economic articles.
AI-generated translation
N2
減価
げんか
A word meaning the decline in value of an asset over time. Frequently appears as an accounting term in「減価償却」, referring to the process of expensing the value of equipment or machinery year by year.
AI-generated translation
N2
見解
けんかい
A view or opinion on an issue. A formal word used for official positions or expert opinions, as in 政府の見解 (the government's view), 見解の相違 (a difference of opinion).
AI-generated translation
N5
玄関
げんかん
The entrance area of a house or building. In Japanese homes, shoes are removed here.
AI-generated translation
N5
元気
げんき
A state of being in good physical condition and full of energy. 「お元気ですか」 (how are you) is commonly used as a greeting.
AI-generated translation
N2
謙虚
けんきょ
It refers to a manner of behaving modestly without boasting of one's ability or position. Used in expressions like 「謙虚な態度」 or 「謙虚に学ぶ」, it is used in contexts of positively evaluating character or attitude.
AI-generated translation
N2
兼業
けんぎょう
To carry out another job in addition to one's main occupation. The paired opposite word is 「専業」.
AI-generated translation
N2
権限
けんげん
「権」 means authority or right, and 「限」 means limit; together they refer to the range within which authority extends. It refers to the range of rights that someone in a particular position can officially exercise. Used in expressions like 「権限を与える」 or 「権限を逸脱する」, it is a formal word indicating who within an organization can decide what.
AI-generated translation
N1
堅固
けんご
It refers to defenses being firm and not easily collapsing. Used in expressions like 「堅固な城」 or 「堅固な意志」, it is a formal word used for both physical structures and convictions or resolve.
AI-generated translation
N1
顕在
けんざい
It refers to appearing clearly in a visible form, without being concealed. Used in expressions like 「顕在化する」 or 「顕在的なリスク」, it is a formal word often used in contrast with what is potential.
AI-generated translation
N2
健在
けんざい
A person living in good health; also, a thing or an ability being maintained without weakening. 「実力は健在だ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
研鑽
けんさん
A word meaning to continuously deepen one's learning or skills. Used in formal contexts expressing long-term effort or self-cultivation, as in「日々研鑽を積む」「研鑽に励む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
堅持
けんじ
「堅」 means firm, and 「持」 means to hold; together they mean to firmly hold on. It refers to continuing to protect one's position or policy without easily changing it. Used in expressions like 「方針を堅持する」 or 「中立を堅持する」, in formal political, diplomatic, or managerial contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
堅実
けんじつ
「堅」 means firm, and 「実」 means substantial or reliable; together they mean firm and reliable. It is a word expressing being steady and reliable without flashiness. Used in expressions like 「堅実な経営」 or 「堅実な人柄」, in contexts of positively evaluating character or policy. It is often seen in investment and work evaluations.
AI-generated translation
N2
拳銃
けんじゅう
A small firearm that can be handled with one hand. A word frequently seen in news related to crime or public safety, as in「拳銃を所持する」「拳銃で撃つ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
厳粛
げんしゅく
「厳」 means solemn, and 「粛」 means reverent and disciplined; together they mean solemn and disciplined. It is a word expressing a solemn and serious atmosphere. Used in expressions like 「厳粛な式典」 or 「厳粛に受け止める」, it is a formal word used in situations of facing ceremonies or grave facts.
AI-generated translation
N2
懸賞
けんしょう
To award a prize or money, such as by lottery, to those who answer a question correctly or who apply.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
現象
げんしょう
Something that appears in a form that can be seen or felt; a phenomenon. 自然現象 (natural phenomenon), 社会現象 (social phenomenon). Refers to the outward appearance of things, as opposed to their cause or substance.
AI-generated translation
N2
現状
げんじょう
The present state of affairs. 現状を維持する (maintain the status quo), 現状では実現が難しい (hard to achieve under the present conditions).
AI-generated translation
N1
献身
けんしん
It refers to devoting oneself to others or to a cause without regard for one's own benefit. Used in expressions like 「献身的な看護」 or 「家族への献身」, it is a formal word used in contexts of positively evaluating long-term selfless effort.
AI-generated translation
N1
権勢
けんせい
「権」 means power or authority, and 「勢」 means momentum; together they refer to the strong momentum that accompanies authority. It refers to holding power and possessing the strong influence that comes with it. Used in expressions like 「権勢を振るう」 or 「権勢を誇る」, it is a formal word used to describe wielding great power in politics or an organization.
AI-generated translation
N1
厳正
げんせい
It refers to carrying out matters strictly and fairly, without involving personal feelings. Used in expressions like 「厳正な審査」 or 「厳正に対処する」, it is a formal word used in situations where evaluation or disposition should be fair.
AI-generated translation
N1
牽制
けんせい
It refers to restraining the other party's free movement by making them wary or by halting their action. Used in expressions like 「相手チームを牽制する」 or 「発言で牽制する」, it is a formal word used in competitive and negotiation contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
譴責
けんせき
A word meaning to severely reprimand someone for a fault or wrongdoing. Also used as one level of workplace disciplinary action, referring to a relatively light penalty of issuing a written warning.
AI-generated translation
N2
厳然
げんぜん
「厳」 means stern or severe, and 「然」 means in the manner of; together they mean a stern manner. It is a word expressing that an unshakeable fact clearly exists. Used in expressions like 「厳然たる事実」 or 「厳然として存在する」, it is a formal word emphasizing harsh reality that cannot be denied.
AI-generated translation
N2
健全
けんぜん
The mind, body, an organization, etc. being in a good, balanced condition without bias. 「健全な経営」.
AI-generated translation
N1
喧噪
けんそう
The noisy sounds and atmosphere created by crowds of people or vehicles. Used in formal writing as in「都会の喧噪」「喧噪を離れる」to depict bustle in a negative or contrastive manner.
AI-generated translation
N2
謙遜
けんそん
It refers to speaking modestly about one's own ability or achievements. Used in expressions like 「謙遜してそう言うのだろう」 or 「過度な謙遜」, it is a formal word used when a person who has been praised speaks of themselves humbly.
AI-generated translation
N1
言質
げんち
A statement or promise from someone that can later serve as evidence. Used in contexts of confirming the other party's words in negotiations or debates, as in「言質を取る」「言質を与える」.
AI-generated translation
N2
見地
けんち
The standpoint or viewpoint from which one thinks about or judges something. 「教育的見地から」.
AI-generated translation
N1
顕著
けんちょ
「顕」 means to appear, and 「著」 means conspicuous; the word combines two synonymous characters. It is a word expressing being conspicuously prominent. Used in expressions like 「顕著な傾向」 or 「効果が顕著に表れる」, it is used when a change or feature is clear to anyone. It frequently appears in formal writing about data or trends.
AI-generated translation
N2
堅調
けんちょう
「堅」 means firm, and 「調」 means tone or condition; together they mean a firm condition. It refers to a state being stable and progressing smoothly. Used in expressions like 「業績が堅調だ」 or 「堅調に伸びる」, it is a formal word for positively evaluating trends in economy or sales.
AI-generated translation
N1
喧伝
けんでん
A word meaning to widely proclaim something to the public. Used in expressions like「成果を喧伝する」, it often carries a negative nuance of excessive promotion.
AI-generated translation
N2
原典
げんてん
It refers to the original work that serves as the source of translations, citations, or summaries. Used in expressions like 「原典に当たる」 or 「原典を確認する」, it is a formal word used in research and academic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
見当
けんとう
A rough guess or estimate. 見当がつく (can roughly guess), 見当外れ (off the mark). Attached after a number, it shows an approximate amount (千円見当 "around 1,000 yen"). The homophone 検討 means examining something carefully, which is a different meaning.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.