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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2
繰り上げる
くりあげる
To move a scheduled date, time, or order earlier than originally planned. The word with the opposite meaning is 「繰り下げる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
苦慮
くりょ
「苦」 means painful, and 「慮」 means to consider or worry; together they mean to think while suffering. It refers to thinking and worrying over and over. Used in expressions like 「対応に苦慮する」 or 「処遇に苦慮している」, it is a formal expression for situations of struggling with how to handle a difficult problem. Often seen in newspapers and official announcements.
AI-generated translation
N5
来る
くる
come. For a person or thing to move toward where the speaker is. The antonym is 「行く」 (to go). The reading changes to 「こ」 or 「き」 in forms like 「来ない」 and 「来ます」.
AI-generated translation
N5
車
くるま
car. A vehicle that carries people or things and runs on roads. Mainly refers to an automobile.
AI-generated translation
N5
黒
くろ
black. The darkest color, like the night sky.
AI-generated translation
N5
黒い
くろい
black. Being the color black. Example: 「黒いかみの毛」 (black hair).
AI-generated translation
N1
玄人
くろうと
A person with many years of experience and high skill in a particular field. Used in the sense of expert or connoisseur, as in「玄人はだし」. The antonym is「素人(しろうと)」.
AI-generated translation
N1
苦労人
くろうにん
A person who has experienced many hardships from a young age and understands well human feelings and the subtleties of things. Used in expressions like 「あの人は苦労人だ」, it is used in contexts of positively evaluating the other person's character.
AI-generated translation
N2
食わず嫌い
くわずぎらい
It refers to disliking something from the start and not accepting it without having actually tried it. It is a set noun used broadly, including for prejudice toward new ways of thinking and matters, in addition to food.
AI-generated translation
N1
軍需
ぐんじゅ
「軍」 means military, and 「需」 means demand or need; together they refer to demand for military purposes. It refers to demand or supplies related to military matters. Used in expressions like 「軍需産業」 or 「軍需物資」, it is a word for the production and supply of weapons and military-related items, used in economic and historical articles.
AI-generated translation
N2
群衆
ぐんしゅう
It refers to a large number of people gathered in one place. Used in expressions like 「群衆が押し寄せる」 or 「群衆心理」, it is a formal word that objectively refers to the state of an unspecified large crowd.
AI-generated translation
N1
軍縮
ぐんしゅく
「軍」 means armaments, and 「縮」 means to reduce; the word is a shortened form of 「軍備縮小」(reduction of armaments). It refers to reducing armaments based on agreements between states. Used in expressions like 「軍縮交渉」 or 「軍縮条約」, in contexts of international negotiations aimed at reducing military forces.
AI-generated translation
N1
軍備
ぐんび
「軍」 means army, and 「備」 means preparation; together they mean preparation for military matters. It is a general term for weapons, troops, and military facilities used to defend a country. Used in expressions like 「軍備を増強する」 or 「軍備を縮小する」, it is a formal word for a nation's military power itself, used in articles on politics and history.
AI-generated translation
N2
経緯
けいい
A word describing the circumstances or developments leading up to something. Focuses on process or background rather than outcome, as in「事件の経緯を説明する」「合併に至る経緯」. Can also be read as「いきさつ」using the kun reading.
AI-generated translation
N2
経過
けいか
Time passing by; also, the way something progresses and changes.
AI-generated translation
N1
形骸
けいがい
A word referring to a state in which substance or content has been lost, leaving only the outer form. Often used in the form「形骸化する」to describe rules or systems that no longer function.
AI-generated translation
N5
警官
けいかん
Police officer. A person who does police work. Also called 「けいさつかん」「おまわりさん」.
AI-generated translation
N2
契機
けいき
「契」 means to bond or to make a pact, and 「機」 means an occasion or trigger; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the trigger that brings about a change or action. Often used in the forms 「〜を契機に」 or 「〜を契機として」, it is a formal word for an event that becomes a turning point. It frequently appears in newspapers and essays.
AI-generated translation
N2
警護
けいご
It refers to accompanying and standing watch in order to protect important persons or important facilities from harm. Used in expressions like 「首相を警護する」 or 「警護にあたる」, it is a formal word used in situations where specialized personnel secure the safety of someone's surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
携行
けいこう
「携」 means to carry along, and 「行」 means to go; together they mean to carry along and go. It refers to carrying something on one's person while moving. Used in expressions like 「救急用品を携行する」 or 「身分証を携行する」, in situations of carrying necessary items while moving about. It is often seen in formal writing and rules or notices.
AI-generated translation
N2
渓谷
けいこく
A deep valley with a river running through it, flanked by mountains.
AI-generated translation
N2
慶事
けいじ
「慶」 means to rejoice, and 「事」 means an event; together they mean a joyous event. The word refers to happy occasions such as marriage, childbirth, or promotion. Used in expressions like 「一族の慶事」 or 「慶事が続く」, it is a formal word used in formal contexts or greetings.
AI-generated translation
N2
掲示
けいじ
To write something on paper or the like and post it in a visible place in order to inform many people.
AI-generated translation
N2
軽視
けいし
To view something lightly and not treat it as important. The word with the opposite meaning is 「重視」.
AI-generated translation
N2
傾斜
けいしゃ
It refers to a state of being slanted, or to leaning strongly in a certain direction. Used in expressions like 「急な傾斜」 or 「特定の業界に傾斜する」, it is a formal word used both for physical inclination and for biases in thought or interest.
AI-generated translation
N1
警鐘
けいしょう
「警鐘」 originally referred to a bell rung to warn people of fires or danger. From this, the word came to be used metaphorically for something that serves to warn people of the occurrence of danger or a problem. It is a formal word used in the form 「警鐘を鳴らす」 as a metaphorical expression for strongly drawing attention to social issues.
AI-generated translation
N2
継承
けいしょう
「継」 means to succeed, and 「承」 means to inherit; the word combines two synonymous characters, both meaning to take over. It refers to receiving a position, property, or tradition from a predecessor. Used in expressions like 「王位を継承する」 or 「技術を継承する」, in contexts of being passed down across generations or positions.
AI-generated translation
N1
形跡
けいせき
「形」 means form, and 「跡」 means a trace; together they mean a trace of form, that is, a sign that something existed. It refers to a trace showing that something was done or that something had been there. Used in expressions like 「侵入の形跡」 or 「使用した形跡」, it expresses physical or circumstantial clues that allow one to infer past facts.
AI-generated translation
N2
軽率
けいそつ
「軽」 means light, and 「率」 means rough or careless; together they describe being light and rough. It refers to acting without thinking carefully. Used in expressions like 「軽率な発言」 or 「軽率な判断」, in contexts that negatively evaluate acts lacking caution.
AI-generated translation
N1
傾聴
けいちょう
It refers to leaning one's ear deeply into the other person's words and listening earnestly. Used in expressions like 「傾聴の姿勢」 or 「ご意見を傾聴する」, it is a formal word for an attitude of respecting and listening to the other party in formal settings.
AI-generated translation
N2
警笛
けいてき
It refers to a whistle or device that vehicles, ships, or the like sound to give warning or signals of danger. Used in expressions like 「警笛を鳴らす」, in situations of producing a sound to call attention to a warning.
AI-generated translation
N1
傾倒
けいとう
「傾倒」 originally meant the body leaning and falling over. From this, it came to be used metaphorically for devoting oneself so strongly to a person, philosophy, or art that one almost leans into it, becoming absorbed. It is a formal word expressing being deeply influenced and enthusiastically devoted, as in 「彼の思想に傾倒する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
渓流
けいりゅう
It refers to a small stream in a valley flowing through mountainous areas. Used in expressions like 「渓流釣り」 or 「渓流の音」, it is a formal word used in contexts of nature, mountaineering, and fishing.
AI-generated translation
N1
汚れる
けがれる
For sanctity, honor, or purity of heart to be spoiled. Used not for dirt or stains but for scenes in which something of value is damaged, as in "家名が汚れる" or "聖地が汚れる". When the one doing the damage is the subject, "けがす" is used, as in "名誉を汚す". The same "汚れる" read as "よごれる" is a different word meaning to become dirty in appearance from mud or stains.
AI-generated translation
N2
劇薬
げきやく
A medicine that has a strong effect on the body and is dangerous if mishandled. Also used metaphorically as in「劇薬的な政策」to refer to measures with great effect but also serious side effects.
AI-generated translation
N5
今朝
けさ
This morning. Read as 「けさ」, not read according to the characters as written.
AI-generated translation
N1
けじめ
けじめ
The original meaning is to clearly distinguish boundaries between things. It refers to an attitude of clearly separating public and private matters, or right and wrong. From this, it developed the derived meaning of drawing a line and taking responsibility, and is often used in the form 「けじめをつける」 to mean making one's attitude clear or taking responsibility.
AI-generated translation
N2
化身
けしん
The appearance of a deity or spiritual being in the form of a person or animal. Also used metaphorically to refer to an entity embodying a particular quality, as in「悪の化身」「美の化身」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
消す
けす
To stop a burning fire or an electric light that is on. Example: 「電気を消す」 (to turn off the light). Also used to mean erasing written characters. When it goes out by itself, 「消える」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N1
けたたましい
けたたましい
It describes a manner in which a sound suddenly resounds loudly and feels grating to the ears. Used in expressions like 「けたたましい音」 or 「けたたましく笑う」, it is used in situations of negatively describing noise or shrill voices.
AI-generated translation
N1
桁違い
けたちがい
「桁」 refers to digits, that is, the positional values of ones, tens, hundreds, and so on. 「桁違い」 expresses a difference in scale so great that the very digit count differs. Used in expressions like 「桁違いの規模」 or 「桁違いに速い」, it is used when differences in quantity or ability stand out, in both positive and negative senses.
AI-generated translation
N2
血縁
けつえん
It refers to having a blood relationship. Used in expressions like 「血縁関係」 or 「血縁を頼る」, it indicates biological kinship such as parent-child or siblings. It is also used in legal and family register contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
欠陥
けっかん
Something that should be present being missing; a flaw; a deficiency.
AI-generated translation
N1
血気
けっき
It refers to the youthful spirit of trying to act on momentum without considering consequences. Used in expressions like 「血気盛んな若者」 or 「血気にはやる」, it is a formal word for youthful zeal accompanied by recklessness.
AI-generated translation
N1, N5
結構
けっこう
A word used to politely decline, meaning "no thank you." Example: 「もう結構です」 (that's enough, thank you). Also used to mean "more than expected," as in 「結構おいしい」 (surprisingly delicious).
AI-generated translation
N5
結婚
けっこん
marriage. Two people becoming a married couple. Example: 「結婚する」 (to get married).
AI-generated translation
N2
傑作
けっさく
A work of art or creative production with extraordinarily outstanding achievement. Used in expressions like 「不朽の傑作」 or 「彼の傑作」, it is a formal word used in contexts of praising a work outstanding enough to be remembered by posterity.
AI-generated translation
N1
傑出
けっしゅつ
「傑」 means to be outstanding, and 「出」 means to come out; together they mean to stand out prominently. It is a word describing being far superior to others. Used in expressions like 「傑出した才能」 or 「傑出した人物」, it is a formal word for strongly praising remarkable ability or achievement.
AI-generated translation
N2
結晶
けっしょう
The original meaning refers to a substance whose molecules or atoms are arranged in a regular pattern, forming a definite shape. From this, the word came to be used metaphorically for something that takes shape through the accumulation of effort or affection. It is a formal word often used metaphorically, as in 「努力の結晶」 or 「汗の結晶」.
AI-generated translation
N1
結束
けっそく
「結」 means to tie, and 「束」 means a bundle; originally the word means to bundle and bind. From this, it came to be used metaphorically for people uniting firmly for a common purpose. Used in expressions like 「結束を固める」 or 「結束が強い」, in contexts that emphasize the cohesion of an organization or group.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.