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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
気質
きしつ
「気」 means temperament, and 「質」 means innate nature; together they refer to one's innate temperament. It refers to the disposition and mental tendency one is born with. Used in expressions like 「職人気質」 or 「学者気質」, it is a somewhat formal word for the character common to a particular group or occupation.
AI-generated translation
N2
気丈
きじょう
It refers to maintaining a strong heart without complaining, even when facing sorrow or difficulty. Used in expressions like 「気丈に振る舞う」 or 「気丈な人」. It is a somewhat formal word used when positively evaluating someone in adverse circumstances.
AI-generated translation
N1
既成
きせい
「既」 means already, and 「成」 means to come into being; together they mean already established. It refers to something that has already taken shape and become rooted in society. Used in expressions like 「既成概念」 or 「既成事実」, in combination with a following noun. It is a formal word used in contrast with what is new, frequently appearing in essays and criticism.
AI-generated translation
N2
規制
きせい
It refers to the government and the like restricting specific acts or activities. Used in expressions like 「規制を設ける」 or 「規制を強化する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in legal and administrative contexts, with many compound words such as 「規制緩和」 or 「自主規制」.
AI-generated translation
N2
偽装
ぎそう
「偽」means to deceive, 「装」means to disguise; together they express disguising through deception. Refers to making something appear as something else in order to deceive. Used in expressions like「身分を偽装する」(to disguise one's identity)、「偽装工作」(camouflage operation). The character「擬装」may also be used, but「偽装」is the common form in modern usage. A formal word frequently appearing in crime reports and political contexts, often implying malicious intent.
AI-generated translation
N2
偽造
ぎぞう
「偽」 means to falsify, and 「造」 means to make; together they mean to make through falsification. It refers to making fake items resembling real ones. Used in expressions like 「偽造紙幣」 or 「偽造書類」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in crime news and legal contexts, clearly referring to an illegal act.
AI-generated translation
N1
帰属
きぞく
It refers to a person or thing belonging to the affiliation or possession of a particular organization or region. Used in expressions like 「○○に帰属する」 or 「帰属意識」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in legal, administrative, and organizational theory contexts.
AI-generated translation
N5
北
きた
north. One of the directions. The antonym is 「南」 (south).
AI-generated translation
N1
擬態
ぎたい
It refers to a living creature making its appearance similar to surrounding objects or other creatures. Used in expressions like 「擬態する」 or 「保護擬態」. It is a formal specialized term frequently appearing in biology contexts, indicating a survival strategy for protecting oneself from enemies.
AI-generated translation
N1
気立て
きだて
「気」 means feeling, and 「立て」 means manner of holding; together they refer to the way one holds one's feelings. It refers to the disposition and character one shows when relating to others. Used in expressions like 「気立てがよい」 or 「気立てがやさしい」, it is a somewhat formal word used in positive personality evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N5
汚い
きたない
dirty. Being dirty. Example: 「汚い手」 (dirty hands). Also used when a room is not tidy. The antonym is 「きれい」 (clean).
AI-generated translation
N1
忌憚
きたん
「忌」 means to be reserved or cautious, and 「憚」 means to hold back; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to holding back. It is mostly used in negative forms like 「忌憚のない意見」, as a fixed expression when wanting the other party to speak frankly. It is used in formal situations such as meetings and greetings.
AI-generated translation
N1
基調
きちょう
「基」 means foundation, and 「調」 means tone or rhythm; together they refer to the foundational tone. It refers to the basic tone or direction running through the whole. Used in expressions like 「基調講演」, 「基調を成す」, or 「青を基調とした」. It is a somewhat formal word used in broad fields including color, music, economic trends, and speeches.
AI-generated translation
N2
気遣い
きづかい
「気」 means feeling, and 「遣う」 means to use; together they mean to use one's feelings, that is, to think of others and pay attention to them. Used in expressions like 「お気遣いありがとうございます」 or 「細やかな気遣い」. It is a word expressing polite consideration that smooths human relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
喫緊
きっきん
「喫」 means to undergo or feel keenly, and 「緊」 means urgent; together they mean to feel urgency keenly upon oneself. It refers to being pressing and important. It is a fixed expression used in forms like 「喫緊の課題」 or 「喫緊の問題」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in political, economic, and administrative documents, referring to matters that must be dealt with immediately.
AI-generated translation
N5
喫茶店
きっさてん
A shop for drinking coffee or tea. The word 「カフェ」 (cafe) is also commonly used.
AI-generated translation
N5
切手
きって
stamp. Something stuck on an envelope when sending a letter. Bought at a post office, etc.
AI-generated translation
N5
切符
きっぷ
ticket. A small paper bought when getting on a train or bus.
AI-generated translation
N1
詰問
きつもん
「詰」 means to press in or to corner, and 「問」 means to ask; together they mean to press in and ask. It refers to severely questioning someone in a reproachful manner. Used in expressions like 「詰問する」 or 「詰問を受ける」. Unlike simply asking a question, it is a formal word with a nuance of pressing the other party.
AI-generated translation
N1
既定
きてい
「既」 means already, and 「定」 means to determine; together they mean already determined. It refers to something already decided. Used in expressions like 「既定路線」 or 「既定の方針」, in combination with a following noun. It is a formal word frequently appearing in meetings and administrative documents, indicating that there is no room for change.
AI-generated translation
N2
規定
きてい
An official rule that determines how something is to be done.
AI-generated translation
N2
軌道
きどう
(1) The fixed path along which a celestial body or artificial satellite moves. 「地球の軌道」. (2) The course along which something proceeds smoothly. 「事業が軌道に乗る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
既得
きとく
It refers to having already obtained something as one's own. Used in expressions like 「既得権」 or 「既得権益」, it is used in combination with a following noun, and is a formal word frequently appearing in political and economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
気長
きなが
「気」 means feeling, and 「長」 means long; together they describe maintaining one's feelings in a long, leisurely way. It refers to the disposition of being able to wait calmly without hurrying. Used in expressions like 「気長に待つ」 or 「気長な性格」. It is a somewhat formal word that positively expresses patience, and is the antonym of 「気短」.
AI-generated translation
N5
昨日
きのう
yesterday. The day before today. Also read 「さくじつ」, used in formal situations.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
気の毒
きのどく
Feeling sympathy for another person's misfortune or suffering. 気の毒に思う (feel sorry for someone). Also used for feeling apologetic about troubling someone (わざわざ来てもらって気の毒なことをした "I felt bad for making them come all this way").
AI-generated translation
N1
気迫
きはく
「気」 means vigor, and 「迫」 means pressing in or pressing momentum; together they refer to vigor that presses upon the other party. It refers to a feeling so strong that it overwhelms others. It is a somewhat formal word for momentum in competitive or performance contexts, as in 「気迫がこもる」 or 「気迫に満ちた演技」.
AI-generated translation
N2
規範
きはん
「規」 means rule, and 「範」 means a model or pattern; together they refer to rules and models that should be followed. It refers to a standard that serves as a model for the conduct and judgment people should follow. Used in expressions like 「社会規範」 or 「行動規範」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in ethical, moral, and legal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
忌避
きひ
「忌」 means to abhor, and 「避」 means to avoid; together they mean to avoid out of dislike. Used in expressions like 「責任を忌避する」 or 「裁判官を忌避する」. It is a formal word often used in legal and social-system contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
気品
きひん
「気」 means atmosphere, and 「品」 means dignity; together they refer to dignity that naturally emanates. It refers to the elegance that naturally emanates from one's appearance or attitude. It is a somewhat formal word used positively for people, gestures, and artworks, as in 「気品がある」 or 「気品にあふれる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
寄付
きふ
To donate money or goods for public or charitable purposes.
AI-generated translation
N2
気風
きふう
「気」 means temperament, and 「風」 means local atmosphere; together they refer to the temperament and atmosphere unique to a place or group. It refers to the distinctive temperament and atmosphere commonly seen in a group or land. It is a somewhat formal word for speaking about the character of a region or organization, as in 「下町の気風」 or 「自由な気風」.
AI-generated translation
N2
起伏
きふく
(1) The ups and downs of terrain. 「起伏のある地形」. (2) The ups and downs of a matter or of one's emotions. 「感情の起伏が激しい」.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まぐれ
きまぐれ
「気」 means feeling, and 「まぐれ」 means to be unsettled or shaken; together they mean that one's feelings shift and do not settle. It refers to attitudes or actions changing easily according to the mood of the moment. Used in expressions like 「気まぐれな性格」 or 「気まぐれに立ち寄る」. It is a somewhat formal word leaning toward colloquial use, used both in mildly negative and mildly positive senses.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まずい
きまずい
It refers to a feeling in which the relationship with the other party becomes awkward and the atmosphere of that place becomes bad. Used in expressions like 「気まずい思いをする」 or 「気まずい雰囲気」, it is a word for friction in human relations.
AI-generated translation
N2
気まま
きまま
「気」 means feeling, and 「まま」 means as one wishes; together they mean to act as one's feelings move. It refers to behaving as one wishes without worrying about those around. Used in expressions like 「気ままな一人旅」 or 「気ままに暮らす」. It is a somewhat formal word with a positive nuance expressing freedom.
AI-generated translation
N1
欺瞞
ぎまん
To deceive and trick someone. Used in expressions like 「欺瞞に満ちた」, it is often said to strongly criticize an attitude of covering something up with a false appearance.
AI-generated translation
N2
気味
きみ
A feeling something gives you. Used as in いい気味だ (serves you right — an expression of pleasure at someone's failure). Also attached after other words, as in 風邪気味 (having a slight cold), 遅れ気味 (running a bit behind), to show a slight tendency; when attached, it is read with voicing as ぎみ.
AI-generated translation
N1
肝煎り
きもいり
「肝」 means liver, here as a metaphor for enthusiasm and concern, and 「煎り」 means to roast; together they convey caring for something to the point of putting one's heart into it as if roasting it. It refers to an influential person actively taking care and putting in effort to realize something. Used in expressions like 「社長の肝煎りで始まったプロジェクト」, it is a formal expression indicating the existence of a backer, used in business and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
逆転
ぎゃくてん
A position, situation, or the like becoming the reverse of what it was before.
AI-generated translation
N2
客観
きゃっかん
To view things from a third party's standpoint, apart from one's own perspective and feelings. The word with the opposite meaning is 「主観」.
AI-generated translation
N1
逆境
ぎゃっきょう
「逆」 means contrary, and 「境」 means boundary or situation; together they refer to a situation that goes against one's wishes. It refers to an unfortunate situation or hard environment in which things do not go as one wishes. Used in expressions like 「逆境に立ち向かう」 or 「逆境を乗り越える」. It is a somewhat formal word frequently appearing when speaking of figures who face difficulties.
AI-generated translation
N2
救援
きゅうえん
To help people in trouble or a disaster-stricken area.
AI-generated translation
N2
急きょ
きゅうきょ
Doing something suddenly and hurriedly. The 「きょ」 is the kanji 「遽」, but it is not used in everyday writing, so this word is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N2
究極
きゅうきょく
「究」 means to investigate to the utmost, and 「極」 means to reach the extreme; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to the final stage or highest state reached by pursuing something to its end. Used in expressions like 「究極の目的」 or 「究極の選択」. It is a somewhat formal word expressing the result of pursuing something to the limit.
AI-generated translation
N2
窮屈
きゅうくつ
It refers to a state of not being able to move freely due to space or constraints being strict. Used in expressions like 「窮屈な部屋」 or 「窮屈な思いをする」, it is a word used both physically and mentally.
AI-generated translation
N2
救済
きゅうさい
To help someone who is suffering or in trouble.
AI-generated translation
N2
給仕
きゅうじ
To serve food and drink and attend to guests at a meal; also, the person who does this. A somewhat old expression; nowadays 「接客」 is often used instead.
AI-generated translation
N2
急進的
きゅうしんてき
Describing the manner of trying to advance toward a goal all at once. Used in expressions like 「急進的な改革」 (radical reform) or 「急進的な意見」 (radical opinions) to express that change happens faster and on a larger scale than usual. Proceeding little by little is called 「漸進的」, though 「段階的」 (step-by-step) is more common in everyday use. Another word containing 「急進」 is 「急進派」, which refers to people who take such a position.
AI-generated translation
N2
急進派
きゅうしんは
People who take the position of changing the current way of doing things or the current system drastically and all at once. Often used in political contexts and typically contrasted with 「穏健派」 (the moderates), who seek gradual change. Another word containing 「急進」 is 「急進的」, which describes such a way of thinking or proceeding.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.