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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,256words (N1–N5 total)
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N4
裏
うら
The back or outside-facing side of something that cannot be seen. Example: 「かみの裏に書く」 (to write on the back of a paper). The antonym is 「表」 (the front side).
AI-generated translation
N1
裏返す
うらがえす
Flipping front and back, or reviewing a story or stance from the opposite perspective. Used as in 「服を裏返す」 or 「発言を裏返す」, both for physical reversal and for the reversal of viewpoint or interpretation.
AI-generated translation
N2
裏口
うらぐち
An entrance to a building that is not the front one. By extension, an improper, illegitimate means of doing something. Used in expressions like 「裏口入学」 and 「裏口から入る」.
AI-generated translation
N2
裏工作
うらこうさく
A scheme or behind-the-scenes maneuvering carried out secretly, without bringing it into the open. Used in expressions like 「裏工作を行う」. It carries a somewhat negative nuance.
AI-generated translation
N1
裏付け
うらづけ
Solid evidence or grounds showing that a claim or assumption is correct. Used as in 「裏付けを取る」 or 「発言の裏付けがない」. A formal word frequently appearing in news, investigations, and contexts of verifying facts.
AI-generated translation
N1
裏腹
うらはら
「裏」 refers to the back side and 「腹」 to the front side; from this contrast comes the meaning of an outward attitude or words being completely opposite to one's inner feelings. Used in expressions such as 「言葉とは裏腹に」 and 「気持ちとは裏腹に」, in situations where outward appearance contradicts true inner feelings.
AI-generated translation
N2
恨み
うらみ
A feeling of hatred toward someone because one feels one was treated terribly. Used as in 「恨みを抱く」 or 「恨みを晴らす」. Expresses a negative emotion that is deeper and lasts longer in the heart than momentary anger.
AI-generated translation
N1
羨む
うらやむ
Wishing one had the talent or circumstances that someone else has. Used as in 「他人の成功を羨む」 or 「恵まれた環境を羨む」. It can include a feeling close to envy, but it can also simply express feelings of admiration.
AI-generated translation
N2
売り上げ
うりあげ
The total amount of money received from selling products or services. Used as in 「月間の売り上げ」 or 「売り上げが伸びる」. A basic indicator of a company's performance, frequently appearing in management and economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
売り出し
うりだし
Beginning to sell a new product. Used when full-scale selling starts, as in 「新商品の売り出し」. It also refers to a sales event in which goods are sold cheaply for a set period; 「大売り出し」 and 「歳末売り出し」 have this meaning, referring to a shop cutting prices to draw in customers. It is used of people as well: 「売り出し中の歌手」 expresses that a newcomer is starting to become widely known and that their activity is getting into full swing.
AI-generated translation
N4
売り場
うりば
The place in a store where goods are sold. Example: 「くつ売り場」 (shoe department).
AI-generated translation
N1
潤い
うるおい
Having moisture or dampness and not being dry. Used as in 「肌の潤い」 or 「生活に潤いを与える」, expressing both physical moisture and the richness or comfort it brings to one's heart and daily life.
AI-generated translation
N2
潤う
うるおう
(1) To contain moisture and become moist. 「肌が潤う」. (2) To become well off and gain profit. 「観光で町が潤う」. The meaning spread from moisture reaching every part of something to economic comfort. 「潤す」 is used for what gives moisture or profit, and 「潤う」 for what receives it and becomes enriched: 「雨が土を潤す」 versus 「雨で土が潤う」.
AI-generated translation
N1
潤す
うるおす
Providing moisture, benefits, or mental comfort to enrich what is dry or poor. Used as in 「のどを潤す」, 「懐を潤す」, or 「心を潤す」, for all forms of physical, economic, and mental fulfillment.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
うるさい
うるさい
A state of sound being loud and unpleasant. Example: 「車の音がうるさい」 (the sound of the car is loud). Also used for a person who repeats the same thing many times.
AI-generated translation
N2
憂い
うれい
Worry or grief; anxiety and sadness about the future. Used in expressions like 「憂いを帯びた表情」, 「後顧の憂い」, and 「憂いのない日々」. The reading 「うれい」 is the common one, but in compound words it can also be read as 「うい」 (as in 「憂き目」). It carries a literary tone.
AI-generated translation
N4
嬉しい
うれしい
glad. A state of feeling good because something good happened. The antonym is 「かなしい」 (sad).
AI-generated translation
N2
売れ行き
うれゆき
How well a product is selling, the state of its sales. Used as in 「売れ行きが良い」 or 「売れ行きが伸び悩む」. A word expressing the momentum and trend of sales performance, frequently appearing in business and retail contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろうろ
うろうろ
A state of repeatedly moving back and forth in the same area without a purpose, or because one does not know where to go. Used as in 「駅前をうろうろする」 or 「見知らぬ街をうろうろする」, an adverb used in scenes of restless wandering.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろ覚え
うろおぼえ
A state in which memory is uncertain and cannot be recalled clearly. Used as in 「うろ覚えの話」 or 「うろ覚えで答える」. Expresses a state of remembering only vaguely in part, rather than having forgotten entirely.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろたえる
うろたえる
When facing a sudden event or unexpected situation, becoming flustered and confused, not knowing what to do. Used as in 「突然の質問にうろたえる」 in scenes of losing one's calm and composure.
AI-generated translation
N1
上滑り
うわすべり
Staying on the surface of a matter without reaching the depth of its content. Used as in 「上滑りな議論」 or 「上滑りな理解」. Critically expresses a state of merely tracing the surface without getting into the essence.
AI-generated translation
N1
上擦る
うわずる
The voice rising higher and becoming unsettled in tone, more than usual, due to tension or excitement. Used as in 「声が上擦る」, expressing a state in which one's voice unnaturally rises in scenes of losing composure.
AI-generated translation
N1
上手
うわて
Being superior to the other party in power or skill. Used as in "一枚上手だ" or "相手のほうが上手だった", referring to the side that stands in a superior position by comparison. The same "上手" read as "じょうず" means being good at something, and read as "かみて" means the upper side of a stage or river; each is a separate word.
AI-generated translation
N1
上塗り
うわぬり
Painting another layer over what has already been painted, or repeating the same blunder or disgrace on top of an existing failure. Used in both the physical sense of layered painting and the metaphorical sense of compounding failures, as in 「塗装の上塗り」 or 「恥の上塗り」.
AI-generated translation
N1
上の空
うわのそら
A state of being so distracted by something else that one cannot concentrate on the conversation or work at hand. Used as in 「上の空で返事をする」 or 「話が上の空になる」. An idiom expressing a state in which attention drifts elsewhere and the mind is not present.
AI-generated translation
N2
上回る
うわまわる
A state where quantity or degree is more or higher than the reference standard. Used as in 「予想を上回る」 or 「前年比を上回る」 in scenes of exceeding the comparison target. A formal expression frequently appearing in statistics and performance reports.
AI-generated translation
N2
運営
うんえい
To run and manage an organization, business, or the like so that it functions well.
AI-generated translation
N2
うんざり
うんざり
A feeling of being fed up and sick of something. Used in expressions like 「同じ話にうんざりする」, 「うんざりするほど暑い」, and 「もううんざりだ」. It expresses distaste toward repetition or an excessive state of something.
AI-generated translation
N4
運転手
うんてんしゅ
driver. A person whose job is driving a bus, taxi, etc.
AI-generated translation
N1
うんともすんとも
うんともすんとも
A state in which no response comes back to a call or question. Always used in the negative form 「うんともすんとも言わない」, an idiom emphasizing complete unresponsiveness or silence. Also used in situations where a machine has stopped working.
AI-generated translation
N1
うんぬん
うんぬん
Saying this and that about something. Used as in 「能力についてうんぬんする」 in scenes of adding evaluation or criticism. There is also the continuing form 「うんぬんかんぬん」, used in the sense of omitting a quotation. A somewhat formal written expression.
AI-generated translation
N2
運搬
うんぱん
To carry people or things from one place to another.
AI-generated translation
N1
鋭意
えいい
An adverb expressing the manner of working diligently on something. Used in expressions like 「鋭意努力する」 or 「鋭意検討中」. Primarily used in work or business contexts, it is a formal expression conveying that one is engaged seriously, frequently appearing in business documents and official notices.
AI-generated translation
N1
栄華
えいが
A state of flourishing splendidly through power and wealth. Used as in 「栄華を極める」 or 「栄華の時代」. Often refers to temporary prosperity and frequently appears in historical contexts that implicitly suggest the subsequent decline.
AI-generated translation
N1
鋭角
えいかく
An angle smaller than ninety degrees. It also expresses a state of being pointed. Used as in 「鋭角に曲がる」 or 「鋭角的な質問」. Originally a geometric term, but also used metaphorically in the sense of "sharply piercing" in criticism and literary expression.
AI-generated translation
N1
英気
えいき
Means vigor or vitality. 「英気を養う」 is an idiom meaning to build up one's energy through rest. Used widely from everyday conversation to formal writing, it is a fixed expression that frequently appears in contexts of vacation or recuperation.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
衛星
えいせい
satellite. A celestial body that orbits a planet. The moon is a satellite of the earth. Also refers to something launched by humans, as in 「人工衛星」 (artificial satellite). Written differently from the homophone 「衛生」 (hygiene).
AI-generated translation
N1
栄達
えいたつ
Advancing in career and obtaining a high position. Used as in 「栄達を遂げる」 or 「栄達の道」 to refer to smooth promotion in officialdom, politics, or corporations. A formal word frequently seen in biographies and life accounts.
AI-generated translation
N1
英断
えいだん
An excellent decision made with resolution. Used as in 「英断を下す」 or 「首相の英断」. A formal word that positively evaluates a wise decision made with courage in a difficult situation. Frequently seen in newspapers and editorials.
AI-generated translation
N1
叡智
えいち
Deep and excellent wisdom. Refers to high-order intelligence built up through humanity and civilization, used as in 「人類の叡智を結集する」 or 「古代の叡智に学ぶ」. A formal written word that expresses not mere knowledge but the ability to see through to the essence of things.
AI-generated translation
N1
英知
えいち
Deep and excellent wisdom. Refers to high-order intelligence built up through humanity and civilization, used as in 「人類の英知を結集する」 or 「古代の英知に学ぶ」. A formal written word that expresses not mere knowledge but the ability to see through to the essence of things.
AI-generated translation
N1
鋭敏
えいびん
A state in which the senses or mental faculties are sharp. Used as in 「鋭敏な感覚」 or 「鋭敏な嗅覚」. A formal word used both for the sharpness of physical senses and for intellectual judgment, with objects including human senses, the human mind, or animal abilities.
AI-generated translation
N1
鋭利
えいり
A state in which a blade or similar tool is sharp and cuts well. Used as in 「鋭利な刃物」 or 「鋭利な観察眼」. The physical sharpness is basic, but it is also used metaphorically for keenness of observation or analysis. A formal word.
AI-generated translation
N2
疫学
えきがく
The academic field that studies how diseases spread within populations. A discipline that investigates causes and pathways statistically, used as in「疫学調査」「疫学的な分析」. A specialized word commonly seen in medical and public health contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
疫病
えきびょう
An infectious disease that spreads over a wide area. Used as in 「疫病が流行する」 or 「疫病の蔓延を防ぐ」. A somewhat formal expression referring to infectious diseases having great influence on history and society, often replaced today by 「感染症」.
AI-generated translation
N2
えぐい
えぐい
A taste that is harsh and irritates the throat. By extension, it describes a way of doing something that is blunt and merciless. Used in expressions like 「えぐい味」 and 「えぐいやり方」. Its slang-like usage has become widespread.
AI-generated translation
N2
似非
えせ
A prefix-like word expressing the meaning of "not genuine, only superficial." A written-language word placed before a noun to add the negative meaning of "fake" or "lacking substance," as in「似非学者」「似非文化人」.
AI-generated translation
N4
枝
えだ
branch. The part that grows out, branching off from the trunk of a tree.
AI-generated translation
N1
得体
えたい
True identity or true form. Mostly used in the form「得体の知れない」, expressing an object whose identity is unknown and feels eerie, as in「得体の知れない人物」「得体の知れない不安」. Rarely used alone; an idiomatic word fixed in the negative form.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.