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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N4
珍しい
めずらしい
A state of being unusual and special, not often seen.
AI-generated translation
N2
滅多
めった
An adverb expressing that frequency is extremely low, used in the form 「滅多に〜ない」. Mostly used with a following negative. Used as in 「滅多に怒らない」, 「滅多に外出しない」, 「滅多にない機会」, emphasizing that something hardly ever happens. Note that in the affirmative form it is also used to mean "careless" or "thoughtless," as in 「滅多なことを言うな (= don't say careless things)」, but in modern usage the negative form is overwhelmingly more common.
AI-generated translation
N2
目安
めやす
A standard or marker used to make a rough estimate.
AI-generated translation
N2
免除
めんじょ
To grant permission that an obligation or burden need not be fulfilled.
AI-generated translation
N4
申し上げる
もうしあげる
A humble, polite way of saying 「言う」 (to say).
AI-generated translation
N4
申す
もうす
A humble way of saying 「言う」 (to say).
AI-generated translation
N1
網羅
もうら
To take in everything related without leaving anything out. 「網」 is a net for catching fish, 「羅」 is a net for catching birds, both characters expressing nets for capture. From the image of scooping up everything with a net, it came to mean "to take in without omission." Used as in 「資料を網羅する」, 「全分野を網羅した辞典」, 「関連情報を網羅的に集める」. Frequently appears regarding books, databases, and surveys, expressing the comprehensive inclusion of an object without leaving anything out. The adjectival noun 「網羅的」 is also often used.
AI-generated translation
N2
猛烈
もうれつ
A state in which momentum or degree is extremely intense. 「猛」 means wild and intense, 「烈」 means strong and intense, a word emphasizing intensity by combining characters of the same meaning. Used widely from natural phenomena to human activity, emotion, and criticism, as in 「猛烈な勢い」, 「猛烈に働く」, 「猛烈な暑さ」, 「猛烈な批判」. A word harder and more bookish than 「激しい」, frequently appearing in both the adjectival-noun form 「猛烈な」 and the adverbial form 「猛烈に」. Used in situations emphasizing the extremity of degree.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
燃える
もえる
For fire to catch and flames to rise. Example: 「紙が燃える」 (paper burns). Also used to mean feelings rising, as in 「やる気に燃える」 (burning with motivation). 「燃える」 is used when something is burning, while 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets it alight: compare 「紙が燃える」 with 「紙を燃やす」.
AI-generated translation
N2
黙認
もくにん
To overlook something without reproach, even while knowing it is not good.
AI-generated translation
N1
木目
もくめ
It refers to the grain pattern that appears on the surface of wood. While it can also be read as 「きめ」, the reading 「もくめ」 is more common. Note that 「きめ」 in expressions like 「肌のきめ」 or 「きめ細かい」 (referring to fine textures or attentive care) is originally a separate word written as 「肌理」.
AI-generated translation
N1
目論見
もくろみ
A plan or scheme set up to accomplish something. The noun form of the verb 「目論む」 (to plan secretly). Mostly used for ambitious or secretive plans, referring to something calculated inwardly without bringing it to the surface. Used as in 「目論見が外れる」, 「目論見通り」, 「目論見が当たる」, 「相手の目論見を見抜く」. Compared with the neutral 「計画」, it has a nuance emphasizing the party's intent or designs, often used in wary or critical contexts. It is paired with the verb 「目論む」.
AI-generated translation
N2
模索
もさく
To search and seek by feeling one's way, without a clear method. 「模」 means to feel and search by touch, 「索」 means a rope or clue, together giving the original meaning of "searching for a clue by feeling one's way." Used for tasks where the answer is not fixed, exploring a direction through trial and error, as in 「解決策を模索する」, 「新たな道を模索する」, 「可能性を模索する」. A bookish, hard word, frequently appearing in contexts expressing prolonged exploration or a process of trying multiple options.
AI-generated translation
N2
もたらす
もたらす
To bring about or cause a certain result or state; also, to bring something along.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3, N5
持つ
もつ
Hold. Grasping something with the hand. 「かばんを持つ」(hold a bag).
AI-generated translation
N4
戻る
もどる
To return to the place or state one was originally in.
AI-generated translation
N2
模範
もはん
A good example that others should follow.
AI-generated translation
N1
模倣
もほう
To imitate something else. A word combining 「模」 and 「倣」, both meaning "to follow, to imitate," expressing the act of copying a model object exactly as it is. Its objects are wide-ranging, including art, culture, products, and behavioral styles, used as in 「他者の作品を模倣する」, 「先進国の制度を模倣する」. Often used as the antonym concept to creativity, appearing frequently in contexts like 「模倣ではなく独創を」. It can neutrally refer to "imitation" as part of a learning process, and can also be used with a negative meaning close to plagiarism or theft.
AI-generated translation
N4
木綿
もめん
Thread or cloth made from the cotton plant.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
燃やす
もやす
To set fire to something so that it burns. Example: 「落ち葉を燃やす」 (to burn fallen leaves). Also used to mean intensifying one's feelings, as in 「闘志を燃やす」 (to fire up one's fighting spirit). 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets something alight, while 「燃える」 is used when something is burning: compare 「紙を燃やす」 with 「紙が燃える」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
模様
もよう
pattern. A drawing or arrangement of colors on the surface of an object. Example: 「花の模様」 (a floral pattern). Also used to mean a general state or condition, as in 「空模様」 (the look of the sky/weather).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
催す
もよおす
To gather people and hold an event or meeting; also, to give rise to a certain feeling or state within oneself.
AI-generated translation
N4
貰う
もらう
To receive something from a person.
AI-generated translation
N4
森
もり
A wide area with many trees growing. Larger than a 「林」 (grove/copse).
AI-generated translation
N1
脆い
もろい
Weak against force and liable to break or crumble easily. The character 「脆」conveys weakness and a tendency to fall apart. The primary use describes physical fragility, as in 「脆い氷」(fragile ice), 「脆い陶器」(delicate pottery), or 「脆い地盤」(unstable ground). Extended to abstract weakness, it appears in expressions such as 「脆い関係」(a precarious relationship) or 「脆い計画」(a shaky plan), as well as in 「涙脆い」(easily moved to tears) or 「情に脆い」(soft-hearted, easily swayed by emotion). Slightly more formal than 「壊れやすい」and used in both written and spoken registers.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
文句
もんく
complaint. Words of dissatisfaction. Example: 「文句を言う」 (to complain). Also has the meaning of wording or a set phrase, as in song lyrics or fixed expressions.
AI-generated translation
N4, N5
問題
もんだい
problem. Something that requires an answer to be given.
AI-generated translation
N4
焼く
やく
To apply fire to food, etc., using flames. Example:「肉を焼く」(to grill meat). The paired word is「焼ける（やける）」(to be grilled/baked).
AI-generated translation
N4
約束
やくそく
To decide with another person that a certain thing will be done.
AI-generated translation
N4
焼ける
やける
For fire to pass through an object or for it to char, due to fire or heat. Also used to mean bread, etc., being done. The paired word is「焼く（やく）」(to grill/bake).
AI-generated translation
N4
優しい
やさしい
kind. A manner of being considerate toward others.
AI-generated translation
N2
屋敷
やしき
A house with a spacious lot and a stately structure. Originally referred to "a house together with its land," but in modern Japanese it usually refers specifically to a large and imposing residence. Used in expressions such as 「武家屋敷」, 「古い屋敷」, 「お屋敷」, or 「屋敷町」, and frequently appears in contexts describing historical or traditional buildings or the residences of the wealthy. A written-style word often used in literature, novels, and historical contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
野心
やしん
A strong desire to achieve a higher position or greater results, refusing to be satisfied with the status quo. The character 「野」 carries the nuance of "going beyond one's proper station," expressing an inner drive to achieve something beyond the current state. Used in expressions such as 「野心を持つ」, 「野心的な計画」, or 「若き野心」. Depending on context, it can carry either positive or negative connotations: it may be praised as aspirational drive, or viewed with some wariness as a form of desire.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
休む
やすむ
To let the body rest. To not go to school or work.
AI-generated translation
N4
痩せる
やせる
To lose body weight. The antonym is 「太る」 (to gain weight).
AI-generated translation
N2
厄介
やっかい
Being troublesome and requiring a lot of effort; also, receiving someone's care or assistance.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
野蛮
やばん
Being uncivilized and rough or violent.
AI-generated translation
N2
野望
やぼう
An exceedingly large and audacious ambition, going beyond one's own measure. Close in meaning to 「野心」, but as the character 「望」 suggests, the goal or scale envisioned is large, and the word often implies a "grandeur that borders on the unrealistic." Used in expressions such as 「野望を抱く」, 「世界制覇の野望」, or 「野望が打ち砕かれる」. Often carries a negative, critical nuance and tends to appear in contexts where the speaker is judging the ambition as "a desire that fails to recognize one's proper station."
AI-generated translation
N4
止む
やむ
For rain or wind, etc., to stop. Example: 「雨が止む」 (the rain stops).
AI-generated translation
N2
やむを得ない
やむをえない
There being no other way but to do so; unavoidable.
AI-generated translation
N4
やめる
やめる
To stop doing something one had been doing. Example: 「たばこをやめる」 (to quit smoking). Also used to mean quitting a job.
AI-generated translation
N2
やり遂げる
やりとげる
To carry something one has started through to completion.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
やる
やる
Do; give. The colloquial way of saying "to do." Also used to mean giving something to someone.
AI-generated translation
N4
柔らかい
やわらかい
A soft, fluffy state whose shape changes easily when pressed. The antonym is「硬い（かたい）」(hard).
AI-generated translation
N2
和らげる
やわらげる
To ease the degree of severity, intensity, pain, or the like.
AI-generated translation
N4, N5
湯
ゆ
Water that has been heated until it is hot. As opposed to cold water (『水(みず)』, mizu), it refers to the hot side. Used for baths or when making tea.
AI-generated translation
N2
遺言
ゆいごん
Words or a document left behind in preparation for one's death. In a legal sense, it refers to a document specifying matters such as the disposal of one's property. Used in expressions like 「遺言を残す」 and 「遺言書」. The reading 「ゆいごん」 is the common one, but it can also be read as 「いごん」.
AI-generated translation
N2
優位
ゆうい
Being in an advantageous position or a superior status compared to others. 「優」 means "to excel" and 「位」 means "rank" or "position." Used in expressions such as 「優位に立つ」, 「優位を保つ」, 「圧倒的な優位」, or 「優位性」, the word expresses being in a higher position or under more favorable conditions than an opponent in situations of competition, opposition, or comparison. Frequently appears in contexts where victory or balance of power is at issue, such as sports, business, or international relations. The antonym is 「劣位」.
AI-generated translation
N2
有効
ゆうこう
Having an effect or being valid; being useful.
AI-generated translation
N1
優柔不断
ゆうじゅうふだん
The state of being unable to decide and continuing to waver. 「優柔」 means weak and soft, while 「不断」 means not cutting off or not being decisive; together they form a four-character idiom expressing a nature that lacks decisiveness. Refers to the tendency, in situations requiring decision or action, to vacillate between options and postpone conclusions. Often used adjectivally, as in 「優柔不断な性格」 or 「優柔不断な態度」. Used as a negative evaluation, in contexts that point out weakness of will or lack of judgment in the person in question.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.