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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
気兼ね
きがね
「気」 means feeling, and 「兼ねる」 means to hesitate or hold back; together they mean to hold back in one's feelings. It refers to feeling reserved out of consideration for others. Used in expressions like 「気兼ねなく話す」 or 「気兼ねする」. It is mostly used in the negative form to convey the wish for the other party to behave freely; a somewhat formal word.
AI-generated translation
N1
気構え
きがまえ
「気」 means feeling, and 「構える」 means to take a stance or to prepare; together they mean to ready one's heart. It refers to the mental preparation and posture for tackling a matter. Used in expressions like 「気構えができている」 or 「気構えを持つ」. It is a somewhat formal word expressing resolve and readiness.
AI-generated translation
N1
基幹
きかん
「基」 means foundation, and 「幹」 means trunk; together they refer to the foundation and trunk, that is, the central support of things. It refers to the foundation that supports an organization or industry. Used in expressions like 「基幹産業」 or 「基幹システム」, always in combination with another noun. It is a formal word frequently appearing in business and administrative documents.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
機関
きかん
An organization or system created for a particular purpose. 教育機関 (educational institution), 報道機関 (news organization). Also refers to a device that converts energy into power (蒸気機関 "steam engine").
AI-generated translation
N2
危機
きき
「危」 means dangerous, and 「機」 means a sign or critical situation; together they refer to a dangerous situation. It refers to an imminent dangerous state that could lead to a bad outcome. Used in expressions like 「危機に陥る」 or 「危機を脱する」. It is a somewhat formal word also frequently appearing in compounds like 「経済危機」 or 「環境危機」.
AI-generated translation
N1
聞き入る
ききいる
It refers to listening intently as if captivated. Used in expressions like 「演奏に聞き入る」 or 「話に聞き入る」. It is a somewhat formal verb with a literary tone, expressing 「listening」 accompanied by strong concentration.
AI-generated translation
N2
聞き流す
ききながす
It refers to lightly letting another's words pass without taking them seriously. Used in expressions like 「忠告を聞き流す」 or 「悪口を聞き流す」, it is a verb used both in negative and positive senses.
AI-generated translation
N2
危急
ききゅう
「危」 means dangerous, and 「急」 means imminent; together they mean that danger is imminent. Used in expressions like 「危急の事態」 or 「危急存亡」, it is a formal word used in urgent and serious situations. It is used more in journalism and historical writing than in everyday conversation.
AI-generated translation
N2
戯曲
ぎきょく
A script written to be performed on stage. A literary work made up of dialogue and stage directions.
AI-generated translation
N2
聞き分ける
ききわける
It refers to listening and distinguishing among multiple sounds or voices, or to understanding and accepting what the other person says. Used in expressions like 「物音を聞き分ける」 or 「言うことを聞き分ける」, it is a verb used in multiple senses.
AI-generated translation
N1
飢饉
ききん
「飢」 means to starve, and 「饉」 means to starve; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a state of extreme food shortage over a wide area due to crop failure or disaster. Used in expressions like 「飢饉に見舞われる」, it is a formal word used when speaking of historical events or serious food crises.
AI-generated translation
N1
危惧
きぐ
「危」 means dangerous, and 「惧」 means to fear or worry; together they mean to worry about danger. It refers to being concerned that something may lead to a bad outcome. Used in expressions like 「絶滅危惧種」 or 「事態を危惧する」, it is a formal expression frequently appearing in newspapers and news reports for expressing concerns about the future.
AI-generated translation
N1
気苦労
きぐろう
「気」 means feeling, and 「苦労」 means hardship; together they refer to mental hardship. It refers to one's heart being worn out by attending to small details. Used in expressions like 「気苦労が絶えない」 or 「気苦労を重ねる」. It is a somewhat formal word describing exhaustion from human relationships and the weight of responsibility.
AI-generated translation
N2
喜劇
きげき
A play with a happy ending, intended to make people laugh. The word with the opposite meaning is 「悲劇」.
AI-generated translation
N1
帰結
きけつ
「帰」 means to return or arrive at, and 「結」 means to tie or to conclude; together they refer to the conclusion finally reached. It refers to the place a matter finally arrives at after debate and processes. Used in expressions like 「論理的帰結」 or 「必然の帰結」. It is a formal word for the conclusion of argument or discussion, frequently appearing in academic papers and criticism.
AI-generated translation
N2
起源
きげん
The origin from which something first arose; the beginning.
AI-generated translation
N2
棄権
きけん
To voluntarily refrain from exercising a right one holds. Used in elections and competitions.
AI-generated translation
N4
危険
きけん
A state of being dangerous. A state where injury or accident might occur. The antonym is 「安全」 (safety).
AI-generated translation
N4
聞こえる
きこえる
For sound or a voice to reach one's ears. Example: 「うたが聞こえる」 (a song can be heard).
AI-generated translation
N1
気心
きごころ
It refers to mutually understanding well the other person's way of thinking and personality. Used in expressions like 「気心の知れた仲」 or 「気心が知れる」, it is a somewhat formal word almost always used in combination with 「知れた」.
AI-generated translation
N1
気骨
きこつ
A strong spirit that does not bend its convictions. Used as「気骨のある人物」, expressing inner strength that yields to no one. The same kanji read as「きぼね」becomes a separate word meaning "hardship・worry."
AI-generated translation
N2
着こなす
きこなす
It refers to wearing clothing skillfully so that it suits oneself. Used in expressions like 「スーツを着こなす」 or 「個性的な服を着こなす」, it is a somewhat formal verb used when speaking about fashion.
AI-generated translation
N1
兆し
きざし
A small initial sign that something is about to happen. 「兆」 originally referred to the shape of cracks that appeared on a turtle's shell during divination, and from this it came to mean a foretoken of events. Used in expressions like 「春の兆し」 or 「回復の兆し」 to indicate the early signs of something that is about to begin.
AI-generated translation
N1
気質
きしつ
「気」 means temperament, and 「質」 means innate nature; together they refer to one's innate temperament. It refers to the disposition and mental tendency one is born with. Used in expressions like 「職人気質」 or 「学者気質」, it is a somewhat formal word for the character common to a particular group or occupation.
AI-generated translation
N4
技術
ぎじゅつ
technology. Skill or method for making things or carrying out tasks.
AI-generated translation
N2
気丈
きじょう
It refers to maintaining a strong heart without complaining, even when facing sorrow or difficulty. Used in expressions like 「気丈に振る舞う」 or 「気丈な人」. It is a somewhat formal word used when positively evaluating someone in adverse circumstances.
AI-generated translation
N1
既成
きせい
「既」 means already, and 「成」 means to come into being; together they mean already established. It refers to something that has already taken shape and become rooted in society. Used in expressions like 「既成概念」 or 「既成事実」, in combination with a following noun. It is a formal word used in contrast with what is new, frequently appearing in essays and criticism.
AI-generated translation
N2
規制
きせい
It refers to the government and the like restricting specific acts or activities. Used in expressions like 「規制を設ける」 or 「規制を強化する」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in legal and administrative contexts, with many compound words such as 「規制緩和」 or 「自主規制」.
AI-generated translation
N4
季節
きせつ
season. Each of the four seasons within a year: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
AI-generated translation
N2
偽装
ぎそう
「偽」means to deceive, 「装」means to disguise; together they express disguising through deception. Refers to making something appear as something else in order to deceive. Used in expressions like「身分を偽装する」(to disguise one's identity)、「偽装工作」(camouflage operation). The character「擬装」may also be used, but「偽装」is the common form in modern usage. A formal word frequently appearing in crime reports and political contexts, often implying malicious intent.
AI-generated translation
N2
偽造
ぎぞう
「偽」 means to falsify, and 「造」 means to make; together they mean to make through falsification. It refers to making fake items resembling real ones. Used in expressions like 「偽造紙幣」 or 「偽造書類」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in crime news and legal contexts, clearly referring to an illegal act.
AI-generated translation
N1
帰属
きぞく
It refers to a person or thing belonging to the affiliation or possession of a particular organization or region. Used in expressions like 「○○に帰属する」 or 「帰属意識」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in legal, administrative, and organizational theory contexts.
AI-generated translation
N4
規則
きそく
A rule that everyone must follow. Example: 「学校の規則」 (school rules).
AI-generated translation
N1
擬態
ぎたい
It refers to a living creature making its appearance similar to surrounding objects or other creatures. Used in expressions like 「擬態する」 or 「保護擬態」. It is a formal specialized term frequently appearing in biology contexts, indicating a survival strategy for protecting oneself from enemies.
AI-generated translation
N1
気立て
きだて
「気」 means feeling, and 「立て」 means manner of holding; together they refer to the way one holds one's feelings. It refers to the disposition and character one shows when relating to others. Used in expressions like 「気立てがよい」 or 「気立てがやさしい」, it is a somewhat formal word used in positive personality evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
忌憚
きたん
「忌」 means to be reserved or cautious, and 「憚」 means to hold back; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to holding back. It is mostly used in negative forms like 「忌憚のない意見」, as a fixed expression when wanting the other party to speak frankly. It is used in formal situations such as meetings and greetings.
AI-generated translation
N1
基調
きちょう
「基」 means foundation, and 「調」 means tone or rhythm; together they refer to the foundational tone. It refers to the basic tone or direction running through the whole. Used in expressions like 「基調講演」, 「基調を成す」, or 「青を基調とした」. It is a somewhat formal word used in broad fields including color, music, economic trends, and speeches.
AI-generated translation
N2
気遣い
きづかい
「気」 means feeling, and 「遣う」 means to use; together they mean to use one's feelings, that is, to think of others and pay attention to them. Used in expressions like 「お気遣いありがとうございます」 or 「細やかな気遣い」. It is a word expressing polite consideration that smooths human relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
喫緊
きっきん
「喫」 means to undergo or feel keenly, and 「緊」 means urgent; together they mean to feel urgency keenly upon oneself. It refers to being pressing and important. It is a fixed expression used in forms like 「喫緊の課題」 or 「喫緊の問題」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in political, economic, and administrative documents, referring to matters that must be dealt with immediately.
AI-generated translation
N1
詰問
きつもん
「詰」 means to press in or to corner, and 「問」 means to ask; together they mean to press in and ask. It refers to severely questioning someone in a reproachful manner. Used in expressions like 「詰問する」 or 「詰問を受ける」. Unlike simply asking a question, it is a formal word with a nuance of pressing the other party.
AI-generated translation
N1
既定
きてい
「既」 means already, and 「定」 means to determine; together they mean already determined. It refers to something already decided. Used in expressions like 「既定路線」 or 「既定の方針」, in combination with a following noun. It is a formal word frequently appearing in meetings and administrative documents, indicating that there is no room for change.
AI-generated translation
N2
規定
きてい
An official rule that determines how something is to be done.
AI-generated translation
N2
軌道
きどう
(1) The fixed path along which a celestial body or artificial satellite moves. 「地球の軌道」. (2) The course along which something proceeds smoothly. 「事業が軌道に乗る」.
AI-generated translation
N1
既得
きとく
It refers to having already obtained something as one's own. Used in expressions like 「既得権」 or 「既得権益」, it is used in combination with a following noun, and is a formal word frequently appearing in political and economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
気長
きなが
「気」 means feeling, and 「長」 means long; together they describe maintaining one's feelings in a long, leisurely way. It refers to the disposition of being able to wait calmly without hurrying. Used in expressions like 「気長に待つ」 or 「気長な性格」. It is a somewhat formal word that positively expresses patience, and is the antonym of 「気短」.
AI-generated translation
N4
絹
きぬ
silk. A soft, beautiful thread or cloth made from an insect called a silkworm.
AI-generated translation
N4
記念
きねん
To do something, or something left behind, so as not to forget. Example: 「記念しゃしん」 (a commemorative photo).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
気の毒
きのどく
Feeling sympathy for another person's misfortune or suffering. 気の毒に思う (feel sorry for someone). Also used for feeling apologetic about troubling someone (わざわざ来てもらって気の毒なことをした "I felt bad for making them come all this way").
AI-generated translation
N1
気迫
きはく
「気」 means vigor, and 「迫」 means pressing in or pressing momentum; together they refer to vigor that presses upon the other party. It refers to a feeling so strong that it overwhelms others. It is a somewhat formal word for momentum in competitive or performance contexts, as in 「気迫がこもる」 or 「気迫に満ちた演技」.
AI-generated translation
N2
規範
きはん
「規」 means rule, and 「範」 means a model or pattern; together they refer to rules and models that should be followed. It refers to a standard that serves as a model for the conduct and judgment people should follow. Used in expressions like 「社会規範」 or 「行動規範」. It is a formal word frequently appearing in ethical, moral, and legal contexts.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.