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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
顧みる
かえりみる
To look back on and reflect upon past events or one's own words and actions. Used as in「過去を顧みる」「家庭を顧みる暇もない」.
AI-generated translation
N1
省みる
かえりみる
「省」 means to look back upon oneself, to reflect. It refers to looking back on one's own words and actions and reflecting. Used in expressions like 「我が身を省みる」, in the sense of inner reflection. While the same-reading 「顧みる」 is used for looking back in a broader sense, 「省みる」 carries a stronger nuance of self-reflection.
AI-generated translation
N4
変える
かえる
To make something into something different from before. Example: 「よていを変える」 (to change a plan). When it happens on its own, 「変わる」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N4
科学
かがく
science. An academic field that investigates the workings of nature through experiments and observation.
AI-generated translation
N4
鏡
かがみ
mirror. A tool for reflecting and viewing one's own appearance.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
鍵
かぎ
key. A tool for opening or locking a door, etc. 「かぎをかける」 means to lock a door, etc.
AI-generated translation
N2
額
がく
An amount of money; also a frame for displaying a picture or photograph. Besides expressing the size of a sum, as in "保険料の額" or "多額の寄付", it is also used in the sense of a frame, as in "額に入れて飾る". The same "額" read as "ひたい" is a different word meaning the part of the face above the eyebrows.
AI-generated translation
N1
画一的
かくいつてき
It describes a manner in which everything fits the same standard or the same mold, with no individuality or difference. Used in expressions like 「画一的な教育」 or 「画一的に扱う」, it is often used to negatively express a state in which diversity has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N1
画策
かくさく
「画」 means to plan a scheme, and 「策」 means a scheme; together they mean to plan out schemes. It refers to secretly devising a plan and acting on it for some purpose. It is mostly used with a negative connotation, carrying the sense of acting in the shadows, as in 「裏で画策する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
拡散
かくさん
It refers to things spreading and scattering over a wide range. Used in expressions like 「情報が拡散する」, 「ガスが拡散する」, or 「噂が拡散する」, in situations of spreading or being transmitted widely from one point to the surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
学識
がくしき
「学」 means learning, and 「識」 means knowledge; together they refer to knowledge obtained through learning. It refers to deep knowledge acquired through scholarship. Used in expressions like 「学識経験者」 or 「高い学識」, it is a formal word for specialized insight acquired through long years of research.
AI-generated translation
N1
確執
かくしつ
「確」 means firm, and 「執」 means to grasp and not let go; together they mean firmly holding to one's claims without yielding to each other. It refers to not yielding one's opinions and continuing to be in opposition. It expresses situations in which a relationship has become tense within an organization or among relatives. Used in expressions like 「両者の確執が表面化する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
革新
かくしん
「革」 means to renew, and 「新」 means new; together they mean to renew and make new. It refers to greatly reforming old institutions or structures. Used in expressions like 「技術革新」 or 「革新的な発想」, in situations of fundamentally changing how things have been. The word with the opposite meaning is 「保守」.
AI-generated translation
N2
学説
がくせつ
「学」 means learning or scholarship, and 「説」 means opinion or doctrine; together they refer to a doctrine in scholarship. It refers to a doctrine or view about a matter put forward through academic research. Used in expressions like 「新しい学説」 or 「対立する学説」, referring to a theory put forward by a researcher.
AI-generated translation
N1
かけがえのない
かけがえのない
「かけがえ」 is 「掛け替え」, originally meaning something to substitute. 「かけがえのない」 means that it 「ない」 (does not exist), that is, the quality of being so precious that nothing else can replace it. Used in expressions like 「かけがえのない家族」 or 「かけがえのない時間」, expressing a unique and precious existence.
AI-generated translation
N4
掛ける
かける
To hang or place something somewhere. Example: 「かべに絵を掛ける」 (to hang a picture on a wall). Also has various other uses, such as making a phone call or sitting in a chair.
AI-generated translation
N2
加減
かげん
To adjust the degree of something to just the right level; also, that condition itself.
AI-generated translation
N2
過酷
かこく
「過」 means excessive, and 「酷」 means cruel; together they mean cruelty that exceeds proper measure. It refers to a degree of severity that surpasses the limit one can endure. Used in expressions like 「過酷な労働」 or 「過酷な環境」, in situations where the burden on people or things becomes extremely heavy.
AI-generated translation
N1
かこつける
かこつける
It refers to hiding the true reason and using something else as a pretext. Used in expressions like 「病気にかこつけて休む」 or 「忙しさにかこつける」, in situations of using something as an excuse to hide one's true intent.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡作
かさく
「寡」 means few, and 「作」 means works; together they mean having few works. It refers to a writer or artist who produces only a small number of works in their lifetime. Used in expressions like 「寡作の作家」. The opposite is 「多作」. It is a word seen in contexts speaking of the volume of creative output.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさばる
かさばる
It refers to an object having a large volume and taking up space. Used in expressions like 「冬物がかさばる」 or 「荷物がかさばる」, in situations where it is the size of the volume, not the weight, that is the issue.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさむ
かさむ
It refers to an amount or quantity increasing and becoming large. Used in expressions like 「経費がかさむ」 or 「出費がかさむ」, mainly in situations where money or quantity of goods increases more than expected.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡少
かしょう
「寡」 means few, and 「少」 means few; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a number or amount that is extremely small. Used in expressions like 「寡少な資源」, it is a formal word used in contexts that emphasize being limited.
AI-generated translation
N2
微か
かすか
It describes a manner in which sound, light, or smell is so small that it can only barely be perceived. Used in expressions like 「微かな音」 or 「微かに見える」, it expresses a faint and unclear sensation.
AI-generated translation
N1
霞む
かすむ
It refers to distant scenery looking blurry due to mist or haze. Used in expressions like 「山が霞む」 or 「目が霞む」, it expresses a state in which vision is not clear. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of becoming inconspicuous, as in 「主役が霞む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かすめる
かすめる
It refers to passing by very close to the side of something, or lightly touching it. Used in expressions like 「鳥が水面をかすめる」 or 「ボールが頬をかすめる」, in situations of light contact.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡占
かせん
「寡」 means few, and 「占」 means to occupy; together they mean a few occupying things in a dominant manner. It refers to a state in which a small number of companies control most of a market. It is a specialized term used in economic articles in forms like 「寡占市場」 or 「寡占状態」. It refers to a situation with more participating companies than 「独占」(monopoly).
AI-generated translation
N2
過疎
かそ
「過」 means excessive, and 「疎」 means sparse; together they mean excessively sparse. It refers to a state in which a region's population has sharply decreased, making it difficult to maintain social life. Used in expressions like 「過疎化」 or 「過疎地域」, in contexts speaking of regional decline. The word with the opposite meaning is 「過密」.
AI-generated translation
N4
堅い
かたい
A state where the content is solid and dependable. Also used for a serious way of thinking or personality. Example:「堅いしごと」(a steady job). Distinguished in writing from the homophones「硬い（かたい）」(strong to the touch) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
AI-generated translation
N4
硬い
かたい
A state where something is strong and not easily broken or dented. Example:「硬い石」(a hard stone). Also used for a stiff body or expression. Distinguished in writing from the homophones「堅い（かたい）」(solid in content) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
AI-generated translation
N1
頑な
かたくな
A manner of not changing one's own views and not accepting others' opinions. Used in expressions like 「頑なに拒む」 or 「頑なな態度」, in situations of closing one's heart and not yielding. It often carries a slightly negative evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
固唾
かたず
It refers to saliva that gathers in the mouth when one tenses up and holds one's breath. It is mostly used in the form 「固唾を呑む」 as a set phrase expressing the manner of watching tensely with concern over the outcome.
AI-generated translation
N2
偏る
かたよる
It refers to overall balance breaking down and shifting to one side. Used in expressions like 「栄養が偏る」 or 「意見が偏る」, in situations where what should originally be even has tilted to one side.
AI-generated translation
N1
語り継ぐ
かたりつぐ
It refers to continuing to tell and pass on a story or experience to later generations. Used in expressions like 「先人の知恵を語り継ぐ」 or 「地域の伝統を語り継ぐ」, in situations of passing things down orally across generations.
AI-generated translation
N1
傍ら
かたわら
Right beside, the area at the side. It also refers to doing another thing simultaneously while engaged in some activity. Used in expressions like 「母の傍らに座る」 or 「仕事の傍ら執筆する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
荷担
かたん
The character 「荷」 means luggage and 「担」 means to carry on the shoulder; the original meaning is to help someone carry their load. From this, the word came to express joining in and assisting with an action. Used in expressions like 「犯罪に荷担する」 or 「不正に荷担する」, it is mostly applied to involvement in undesirable acts.
AI-generated translation
N1
活況
かっきょう
「活」 means lively, and 「況」 means state; together they refer to a lively state. It refers to a state in which business or markets are bustling and energetic. Used in expressions like 「市場が活況を呈する」 or 「活況を示す」, in economic articles describing favorable conditions.
AI-generated translation
N1
喝采
かっさい
A word expressing praise through applause or cheers. Used in scenes depicting audience acclaim, as in「喝采を浴びる」「拍手喝采」.
AI-generated translation
N2
活性化
かっせいか
It refers to activity becoming lively, or to making it lively. Used in expressions like 「地域の活性化」 or 「経済を活性化する」, in situations of making the movement of an organization, a region, or a market vigorous.
AI-generated translation
N1
合戦
かっせん
The act of engaging in battle. In ancient times it referred to warfare; in modern usage it expresses competitive events such as「歌合戦」「雪合戦」. In this「〜合戦」form the reading becomes voiced as「がっせん」, distinguished from「かっせん」, the reading used when the word stands alone.
AI-generated translation
N2
合致
がっち
「合」 means to fit, and 「致」 means to arrive precisely; together they mean to fit precisely as one. It refers to two or more matters fitting together exactly as one. Used in expressions like 「条件に合致する」 or 「証言と合致する」, it is a formal word used when content or conditions completely overlap.
AI-generated translation
N2
かつて
かつて
An adverb referring to a certain period in the past, meaning "formerly" or "long ago." Used in expressions like「かつてない規模」(an unprecedented scale)、「かつて栄えた街」(a town that once flourished). Although it can be written with the kanji「嘗て」, the hiragana form is more common.
AI-generated translation
N1
葛藤
かっとう
「葛」 means kudzu, and 「藤」 means wisteria; both are names of climbing plants. From the image of vines becoming complexly entangled, the word came to refer to opposing feelings struggling within one's heart. Used in expressions like 「葛藤を抱える」 or 「内心の葛藤」, it expresses being torn between choices or emotions. By metaphor, it is also used for conflict in human relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
渇望
かつぼう
It refers to strongly desiring something, like a thirsty person craving water. Used in expressions like 「平和を渇望する」 or 「自由を渇望する」, it is a formal word for an earnest yearning.
AI-generated translation
N2
過程
かてい
The course something follows as it progresses toward a result.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮定
かてい
To tentatively treat something not yet certain as being true, and proceed on that basis.
AI-generated translation
N2〜N4
家庭
かてい
The place where family members, such as parents and children, live together. Example: 「家庭で作る料理」 (home-cooked food).
AI-generated translation
N1
過渡期
かとき
「過」 means to pass by, 「渡」 means to cross over, and 「期」 means period; together they refer to a period during which one is crossing over. It refers to the period during which something transitions from an old state to a new one. Used in expressions like 「過渡期にある産業」, it expresses an unstable transitional stage. It is used when speaking about phases of society, technology, or life.
AI-generated translation
N1
家督
かとく
「家」 means household, and 「督」 means to oversee or direct; together they refer to the position of the one who oversees the household. It refers to the position and property of the head of a household. In the former family system, it was what the heir of the household inherited. Used in expressions like 「家督を継ぐ」, it is used in historical novels and stories of old families.
AI-generated translation
N2
叶える
かなえる
It refers to making a wish or dream come true. Used in expressions like 「夢を叶える」 or 「願いを叶える」, in situations of giving actual form to what one had hoped for.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.